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ACS Synthetic Biology Jun 2024
Topics: Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 38903005
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00292 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2024This study aimed to explore the application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, evaluate its impact on exercise ability and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to explore the application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, evaluate its impact on exercise ability and cardiopulmonary function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and promote the application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in CAD management.
METHODS
Fifty CHD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were recruited and randomly enrolled into the control (Ctrl) group and intervention (Int) group. Routine health education and health education combined with RT training were carried out for the two groups. Blood lipid levels and lung function were compared between the two groups after intervention. Cardiac function was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography, and cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise ability were evaluated by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were employed to evaluate negative emotions. The 36-item short-form (SF-36) was adopted to evaluate quality of life.
RESULT
Compared with those in the Ctrl group, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased in the Int group, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein increased (P < 0.05). The quantitative load results showed that compared with the Ctrl group, the heart rate (HR) and self-perceived fatigue degree of the Int group decreased, and the ST segment increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the Ctrl group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV), ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital volume (FEV/FVC%), and maximum chase volume (MVV) increased in the Int group, while the left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end contractile diameter decreased (P < 0.05). The results of the CPET showed that compared with the Ctrl group, minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope, VE/VCO, anaerobic threshold (AT), peak oxygen pulse (VO/HR ), oxygen uptake efficiency platform (OUEP), increasing power exercise time (IPEt), HR recovery 1 min after exercise, peak load power (Watt ), and value metabolic equivalent (Watt ) increased in the Int group (P < 0.05). Compared with the Ctrl group, the SAS and SDS scores in the Int group decreased (P < 0.05). The results of the quality of life evaluation showed that compared with the Ctrl group, the score of the SF-36 dimensions increased in the Int group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
RT training can reduce postoperative blood lipid and quantitative load levels in CAD patients and improve adverse mood. Furthermore, it can improve patients' cardiopulmonary function, cardiopulmonary fitness, exercise ability, and quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Exercise Tolerance; Quality of Life; Exercise Test; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Recovery of Function; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Lung; Predictive Value of Tests; Lipids; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Time Factors; Exercise Therapy; Biomarkers; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 38902630
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03958-0 -
ACS Nano Jun 2024Although neuronal network models hold great potential for advancing neuroscience research, with the capacity to provide fundamental insights into mechanisms underlying...
Although neuronal network models hold great potential for advancing neuroscience research, with the capacity to provide fundamental insights into mechanisms underlying neuronal functions, the dynamics of cell communication within such networks remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a customizable, polymer modified three-dimensional gold microelectrode array with sufficient stability for high signal-to-noise, long-term, neuronal recording of cultured networks. By using directed spatial and temporal patterns of electrical stimulation of cells to explore synaptic-based communication, we monitored cell network dynamics over 3 weeks, quantifying communication capability using correlation heatmaps and mutual information networks. Analysis of synaptic delay and signal speed between cells enabled us to establish a communication connectivity model. We anticipate that our discoveries of the dynamic changes in communication across the neuronal network will provide a valuable tool for future studies in understanding health and disease as well as in developing effective platforms for evaluating therapies.
PubMed: 38902594
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03983 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Aug 2024Pelvic exenteration (PE) surgery is now a widely accepted procedure that is increasingly being performed worldwide but has significant morbidity. Although nutrition...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pelvic exenteration (PE) surgery is now a widely accepted procedure that is increasingly being performed worldwide but has significant morbidity. Although nutrition status, body mass index (BMI) and postoperative nutrition support practices are modifiable risk factors, few studies have examined the relationship of these with clinical outcomes following PE. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the impact of these factors on postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOHS) following PE.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients having total PE surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital from 2012 to 2021 (n = 69). Multivariable analyses were undertaken to confirm univariate associations and adjust for confounding variables. Binary logistic regression was undertaken to explore predictors of infectious and Grade III or above Clavien-Dindo complications, and negative binomial regression to identify predictors of LOHS.
RESULTS
Patients who were malnourished according to the Subjective Global Assessment were 5.66 (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.07-29.74, p = 0.041) times more likely to develop an infectious complication. Increasing BMI was independently associated with development of Grade III or above Clavien-Dindo complications (p = 0.040). For each additional day until full diet commencement, there was a 19% (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.34, p = 0.005) increased incidence of significant complications and a 5.6% (IRR: 1.056, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09, p = 0.002) longer LOHS on multivariable analysis. There was a high rate of prolonged postoperative ileus (78%). The implementation of a nutrition support pathway with routine postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) resulted in patients achieving adequate nutrition 7 days faster (p < 0.001) with minimal line-related complications (1.4% line-related thrombus). Routine PN did not impact ileus rates (p = 0.33) or time to diet commencement (p = 0.6).
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative malnutrition and higher BMI were associated with complications following PE. Delay to full diet commencement was associated with increased complications and longer LOHS. Routine postoperative PN appears safe and resulted in patients achieving adequate nutrition faster.
Topics: Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Male; Postoperative Complications; Length of Stay; Middle Aged; Pelvic Exenteration; Body Mass Index; Aged; Risk Factors; Nutritional Status; Malnutrition; Adult; Nutritional Support
PubMed: 38901953
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.005 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024This study investigated the potential of a novel sustainable ingredient composed of rapeseed oil, linseed meal and beta-glucan (PALM-ALT) to mimic palm shortening...
This study investigated the potential of a novel sustainable ingredient composed of rapeseed oil, linseed meal and beta-glucan (PALM-ALT) to mimic palm shortening functionality in cake. The combined functional properties of linseed meal and beta-glucan led to stable semi-solid emulsion-gels (20-31 μm oil droplet size, 105-115 Pa.s viscosity and 60-65 Pa yield stress). PALM-ALT contained 25 and 88% less total and saturated fat than palm shortening, whilst PALM-ALT cakes contained 26 and 75% less total and saturated fat than the palm-based control. PALM-ALT cakes matched the flavour profile of the palm-based control, while rapeseed oil cakes tasted more sour and less sweet than the control (p < 0.05). PALM-ALT cakes proved less hard and more cohesive than the control (p < 0.05), with 100% of the consumer panel preferring PALM-ALT formulations. This study demonstrated the unique potential of PALM-ALT as healthier, sustainable and competitive alternative to palm shortening.
PubMed: 38901335
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140134 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2024Upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma (UASCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy with few effective therapeutic options. Here, we investigate amino acid...
Upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma (UASCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy with few effective therapeutic options. Here, we investigate amino acid metabolism in this cancer, surprisingly noting that UASCC exhibits the highest methionine level across all human cancers, driven by its transporter LAT1. We show that LAT1 is also expressed at the highest level in UASCC, transcriptionally activated by UASCC-specific promoter and enhancers, which are directly coregulated by SCC master regulators TP63/KLF5/SREBF1. Unexpectedly, unbiased bioinformatic screen identifies EZH2 as the most significant target downstream of the LAT1-methionine pathway, directly linking methionine metabolism to epigenomic reprogramming. Importantly, this cascade is indispensable for the survival and proliferation of UASCC patient-derived tumor organoids. In addition, LAT1 expression is closely associated with cellular sensitivity to inhibition of the LAT1-methionine-EZH2 axis. Notably, this unique LAT1-methionine-EZH2 cascade can be targeted effectively by either pharmacological approaches or dietary intervention in vivo. In summary, this work maps a unique mechanistic cross talk between epigenomic reprogramming with methionine metabolism, establishes its biological significance in the biology of UASCC, and identifies a unique tumor-specific vulnerability which can be exploited both pharmacologically and dietarily.
Topics: Methionine; Humans; Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; Cell Line, Tumor; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Mice; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Cellular Reprogramming
PubMed: 38900797
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320835121 -
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health :... Jun 2024Previous research into outcomes after treatment in medium secure psychiatric hospitals has mostly relied on pre-millennium data.
BACKGROUND
Previous research into outcomes after treatment in medium secure psychiatric hospitals has mostly relied on pre-millennium data.
AIMS
To examine patient and inpatient service-related factors associated with readmission within 2 years following discharge to the community or open conditions from conditions of medium security.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study of 137 patients discharged either to the community or to open conditions from one 64-bed South Wales Regional Medium Secure Hospital Unit between July 1999 and November 2017 was completed using data from healthcare records to document demographics, diagnosis and nature of index offences together with researcher-completed ratings of inpatient progress using the Dangerousness Understanding Recovery and Urgency Manual (DUNDRUM) Programme Completion and DUNDRUM Recovery scales. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent associations between inpatient progress according to these measures and readmission.
RESULTS
Forty-three patients (31%) were readmitted within 2 years of discharge and 23 (17%) in breach of legal conditions on discharge. Most readmitted patients (n = 29, 67%) returned directly to medium secure care. There were significant binary level associations between readmission and severity of the index offences (lower), number of adverse childhood experiences (higher), history of drug misuse (more likely) and number of previous psychiatric admissions (higher). Binary logistic regression confirmed that these relationships were not independent. No inpatient service-related variables, according to DUNDRUM scale scores, showed an independent association with readmission within 2 years post-discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of medium security hospital patients who were readmitted within 2 years of discharge aligns with estimates found in earlier national research using the same follow-up period. Since levels of inpatient progress bore little if any relationship to longer term outcomes, our findings highlight the need for investigating factors in the discharge environment that are linked to readmission. It is possible that readmission may indicate effective monitoring and responsive care to the changing needs of patients, but a better understanding of this is essential.
PubMed: 38898662
DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2346 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Earlier access to patients' biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)...
Earlier access to patients' biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically not deployed at the point-of-care due to their cumbersome instrumentation and complexity. Electrochemical immunosensors can be disruptive in this sector with their small size and lower cost but, without further modifications, the performance of these sensors in complex media (e.g., blood) has been limited. This paper presents a low-cost fluidic accessory fabricated using widely accessible materials and processes for boosting sensor sensitivity through confinement of the detection media next to the electrode surface. Liquid confinement first highlighted a spontaneous reaction between the pseudoreference electrode and ELISA detection substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that decreases the amount of oxTMB available for detection. Different strategies are investigated to limit this and maximize reliability. Next, flow cell integration during the signal amplification step of sensor preparation was shown to substantially enhance the detection of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with the best sensitivity boost recorded for fresh human plasma (x7 increase compared to x5.8 in purified serum and x5.5 in PBS). The flow cell requires no specialized equipment and can be seamlessly integrated with commercial sensors, making an ideal companion for electrochemical signal enhancement.
Topics: Humans; Electrochemical Techniques; Immunoassay; Biosensing Techniques; Electrodes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Interleukin-6; Benzidines
PubMed: 38898088
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64852-5 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Jun 2024In recent decades, orthopedic implants have been widely used as materials to replace human bone tissue functions. Among these, metal implants play a crucial role. Metals...
In recent decades, orthopedic implants have been widely used as materials to replace human bone tissue functions. Among these, metal implants play a crucial role. Metals with better chemical stability, such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy, are commonly used for long-term applications. However, good chemical stability can result in poor tissue integration between the tissue and the implant, leading to potential inflammation risks. This study creates hydrogenated CoCrMo (H-CoCrMo) surfaces, which have shown promise as anti-inflammatory orthopedic implants. Using the electrochemical cathodic hydrogen-charging method, the surface of the CoCrMo alloy was hydrogenated, resulting in improved biocompatibility, reduced free radicals, and an anti-inflammatory response. Hydrogen diffusion to a depth of approximately 106 ± 27 nm on the surface facilitated these effects. This hydrogen-rich surface demonstrated a reduction of 85.2% in free radicals, enhanced hydrophilicity as evidenced by a decrease in a contact angle from 83.5 ± 1.9° to 52.4 ± 2.2°, and an increase of 11.4% in hydroxyapatite deposition surface coverage. The cell study results revealed a suppression of osteosarcoma cell activity to 50.8 ± 2.9%. Finally, the test suggested the promotion of new bone formation and a reduced inflammatory response. These findings suggest that electrochemical hydrogen charging can effectively modify CoCrMo surfaces, offering a potential solution for improving orthopedic implant outcomes through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
PubMed: 38895823
DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00725e -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Jun 2024This study assesses the impact of three volumetric gas flow measurement methods-turbine (fT); pneumotachograph (fP), and Venturi (fV)-on predictive accuracy and...
This study assesses the impact of three volumetric gas flow measurement methods-turbine (fT); pneumotachograph (fP), and Venturi (fV)-on predictive accuracy and precision of expired gas analysis indirect calorimetry (EGAIC) across varying exercise intensities. Six males (Age: 38 ± 8 year; Height: 178.8 ± 4.2 cm; : 42 ± 2.8 mL O kg min) and 14 females (Age = 44.6 ± 9.6 year; Height = 164.6 ± 6.9 cm; = 45 ± 8.6 mL O kg min) were recruited. Participants completed physical exertion on a stationary cycle ergometer for simultaneous pulmonary minute ventilation ( ) measurements and EGAIC computations. Exercise protocols and subsequent conditions involved a 5-min cycling warm-up at 25 W min, incremental exercise to exhaustion ( ramp test), then a steady-state exercise bout induced by a constant Watt load equivalent to 80% ventilatory threshold (80% VT). A linear mixed model revealed that exercise intensity significantly affected measurements (p < 0.0001), whereas airflow sensor method (p = 0.97) and its interaction with exercise intensity (p = 0.91) did not. Group analysis of precision yielded a CV % = 21%; SEM = 5 mL O kg min. Intra- and interindividual analysis of precision via Bland-Altman revealed a 95% confidence interval (CI) precision benchmark of 3-5 mL kg min. Agreement among methods decreased at power outputs eliciting up to 150 L min, indicating a decrease in precision and highlighting potential challenges in interpreting biological variability, training response heterogeneity, and test-retest comparisons. These findings suggest careful consideration of airflow sensor method variance across metabolic cart configurations.
Topics: Humans; Calorimetry, Indirect; Male; Adult; Female; Exercise Test; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Ventilation; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion; Exercise
PubMed: 38895762
DOI: 10.1111/sms.14674