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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by , discuss the association between and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Insulin Resistance; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Insulin
PubMed: 37520442
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381 -
International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2023To assess the evidence on the presence of antibodies cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in prepandemic samples from African populations. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To assess the evidence on the presence of antibodies cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in prepandemic samples from African populations.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating prepandemic African samples using pre-set assay-specific thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
RESULTS
In total, 26 articles with 156 datasets were eligible, including 3437 positives among 29,923 measurements (11.5%) with large between-dataset heterogeneity. Positivity was similar for anti-nucleocapsid (14%) and anti-spike antibodies (11%), higher for anti-spike1 (23%), and lower for anti-receptor-binding domain antibodies (7%). Positivity was similar, on average, for immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G. Positivity was seen prominently in countries where malaria transmission occurs throughout and in datasets enriched in malaria cases (14%, 95% confidence interval, 12-15% vs 2%, 95% confidence interval 1-2% in other datasets). Substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity was seen in high malaria burden with or without high dengue burden (14% and 12%, respectively), and not without high malaria burden (2% and 0%, respectively). Lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity was seen in settings of high HIV seroprevalence. More sparse individual-level data showed associations of higher SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with Plasmodium parasitemia and lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with HIV seropositivity.
CONCLUSION
Prepandemic samples from Africa show high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. At the country level, cross-reactivity tracks especially with malaria prevalence.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Seroepidemiologic Studies; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Africa; Immunoglobulin G; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37327857
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.009 -
Transplant Immunology Aug 2023COVID-19 vaccines exhibit high levels of immunogenicity in the overall population. Data on the effects of immunomodulators on the consequences of COVID-19 in patients... (Review)
Review
The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence.
COVID-19 vaccines exhibit high levels of immunogenicity in the overall population. Data on the effects of immunomodulators on the consequences of COVID-19 in patients with Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) remains scarce. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in IMID patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) compared to healthy individuals. A comprehensive literature search was carried out using electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase up to August 2022 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effect of MTX on immune responses in patients with COVID-19. The PRISMA checklist protocol was applied for the quality assessment of the selected trials. Our findings demonstrated that MTX lowered the responses of T cells and antibodies in IMID patients compared to healthy controls. We also discovered that young age (<60 years) was the main parameter influencing the antibody response after vaccination, while MTX had little effect. Following vaccination, MTX-hold and age were considered the main factors influencing the antibody response. In patients older than 60 years of age, the time point of 10 days of MTX discontinuation was critical to boosting the humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Because many IMID patients did not have adequate humoral and cellular responses, our findings highlighted the importance of second or booster doses of vaccine and temporary MTX discontinuation. As a result, it implies that individuals with IMIDs should be subjected to more research, particularly humoral and cellular immunity efficiency trials after COVID-19 vaccination, until credible information is achieved.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Methotrexate; Immunomodulating Agents; Immunoglobulin G; Antibodies, Viral; Immunity, Cellular
PubMed: 37236514
DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101858