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Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8065629.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8065629.].
PubMed: 37810468
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9854583 -
International Journal of Surgery... Nov 2023Today, bariatric surgeons face the challenge of treating older adults with class III obesity. The indications and outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparing the safety and efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in elderly (>60 years) with severe obesity: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Today, bariatric surgeons face the challenge of treating older adults with class III obesity. The indications and outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus sleeve gastrectomy (SG) also constitute a controversy.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched to retrieve systematic reviews/meta-analyses published by 1 March 2022. The selected articles were qualitatively evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR).
RESULTS
An umbrella review included six meta-analyses retrieved from the literature. The risk of early-emerging and late-emerging complications decreased by 55% and 41% in the patients underwent SG than in those receiving RYGB, respectively. The chance of the remission of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea, respectively increased by 43% and 6%, but type-2 diabetes mellitus decreased by 4% in the patients underwent RYGB than in those receiving SG. RYGB also increased excess weight loss by 15.23% in the patients underwent RYGB than in those receiving SG.
CONCLUSION
Lower levels of mortality and early-emerging and late-emerging complications were observed in the older adults undergoing SG than in those receiving RYGB, which was, however, more efficient in term of weight loss outcomes and recurrence of obesity-related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Gastric Bypass; Obesity; Gastrectomy; Weight Loss; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37800553
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000629 -
JAMA Oct 2023The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials: metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ISRCTN Registry, European Union clinical trials database, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched through June 22, 2023.
STUDY SELECTION
For qualitative and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials addressing the therapeutic effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in adults with cardiovascular disease and OSA were included.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently screened records, evaluated potentially eligible primary studies in full text, extracted data, and cross-checked errors. IPD were requested from authors of the selected studies (SAVE [NCT00738179], ISAACC [NCT01335087], and RICCADSA [NCT00519597]).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
One-stage and 2-stage IPD meta-analyses were completed to estimate the effect of CPAP treatment on risk of recurrent major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) using mixed-effect Cox regression models. Additionally, an on-treatment analysis with marginal structural Cox models using inverse probability of treatment weighting was fitted to assess the effect of good adherence to CPAP (≥4 hours per day).
RESULTS
A total of 4186 individual participants were evaluated (82.1% men; mean [SD] body mass index, 28.9 [4.5]; mean [SD] age, 61.2 [8.7] years; mean [SD] apnea-hypopnea index, 31.2 [17] events per hour; 71% with hypertension; 50.1% receiving CPAP [mean {SD} adherence, 3.1 {2.4} hours per day]; 49.9% not receiving CPAP [usual care], mean [SD] follow-up, 3.25 [1.8] years). The main outcome was defined as the first MACCE, which was similar for the CPAP and no CPAP groups (hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.87-1.17]). However, an on-treatment analysis by marginal structural model revealed a reduced risk of MACCEs associated with good adherence to CPAP (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.52-0.92]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Adherence to CPAP was associated with a reduced MACCE recurrence risk, suggesting that treatment adherence is a key factor in secondary cardiovascular prevention in patients with OSA.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Hypertension; Proportional Hazards Models; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Risk; Aged; Secondary Prevention; Patient Compliance
PubMed: 37787793
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17465 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2023Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and the baby. Our main goal is to show whether there is an association between OSA... (Review)
Review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and the baby. Our main goal is to show whether there is an association between OSA during pregnancy and delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement using three databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. All databases were last accessed on 1 June 2023. The implemented systematic literature search identified 744 articles. After excluding reviews, meta-analyses, book chapters, case reports, and letters, 47 studies were analyzed, 18 of which finally met the inclusion criteria. The included studies mainly indicate that OSA during pregnancy may not significantly impact SGA, but some of them have shown the existence of this relation. Nevertheless, it is recommended that all pregnant women should be screened for symptoms of OSA and that sleep tests should be performed on those who show signs of it. Detecting and treating OSA early in pregnancy can help reduce the condition's negative effects. However, more extensive studies are still needed to gather clear evidence on the impact of an OSA diagnosis on mothers and babies.
PubMed: 37762913
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185972 -
Cureus Aug 2023Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes various complications that significantly impact a patient's overall well-being and quality of life. Sleep disorders are a... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes various complications that significantly impact a patient's overall well-being and quality of life. Sleep disorders are a particularly common issue, especially in patients with advanced disease. This systematic review aims to explore the distinguishing features, prevalence rates, underlying causes, and associated factors related to the most frequent sleep disorders in these patients and present the latest treatment methods for them. It also investigates the link between CKD and sleep disorders and presents the results of the most common sleep disorders found in patients with CKD. Four major sleep disorders have been identified: sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, excessive drowsiness, and insomnia. These sleep disorders have been discovered to be highly common in CKD patients and have a major influence on their quality of life and morbidity.
PubMed: 37746453
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44009 -
Brain and Behavior Nov 2023Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, leading to attention impairment and other cognitive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, leading to attention impairment and other cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful modality that can reveal the structural and functional brain alterations associated with attention impairment in OSA patients. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence on MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of attention deficits in OSA patients.
METHODS
We searched the Scopus and PubMed databases for studies that used MRI to measure biomarkers related to attention alteration in OSA patients and reported qualitative and quantitative data on the association between MRI biomarkers and attention outcomes. We also included studies that found an association between neuropsychological assessments and MRI findings in OSA patients with attention deficits.
RESULTS
We included 19 studies that met our inclusion criteria and extracted the relevant data from each study. We categorized the studies into three groups based on the MRI modality and the cognitive domain they used: structural and diffusion tensor imaging MRI findings, functional, perfusion, and metabolic MRI findings, and neuropsychological assessment findings.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that OSA is associated with structural, functional, and metabolic brain alterations in multiple regions and networks that are involved in attention processing. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure can partially reverse some of the brain changes and improve cognitive function in some domains and in some studies. This review suggests that MRI techniques and neuropsychological assessments can be useful tools for monitoring the progression and response to treatment of OSA patients.
Topics: Humans; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Brain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Biomarkers; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 37743582
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3262 -
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics Sep 2023Scientific scrutiny has proved the safety and benefits of caffeine to treat apnoea of prematurity (AOP). However, there is no consensus on the effects of this treatment... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Scientific scrutiny has proved the safety and benefits of caffeine to treat apnoea of prematurity (AOP). However, there is no consensus on the effects of this treatment on sleep, especially considering the key role of adenosine and early brain development for sleep maturation. We systematically reviewed studies with sleep as a primary and/or secondary outcome or any mention of sleep parameters in the context of caffeine treatment for AOP.
METHODS
We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and the Virtual Health Library from inception to 7 September 2022 to identify studies investigating the short- and long-term effects of caffeine to treat AOP on sleep parameters. We used the PIC strategy considering preterm infants as the Population, caffeine for apnoea as the Intervention and no or other intervention other than caffeine as the Comparison. We registered the protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42021282536).
RESULTS
Of 4019 studies, we deemed 20, including randomised controlled trials and follow-up and observational studies, to be eligible for our systematic review. The analysed sleep parameters, the evaluation phase and the instruments for sleep assessment varied considerably among the studies. The main findings can be summarised as follows: (i) most of the eligible studies in this systematic review indicate that caffeine used to treat AOP seems to have no effect on key sleep parameters and (ii) the effects on sleep when caffeine is administered earlier, at higher doses or for longer periods than the most common protocol have not been investigated. There is a possible correlation between the caffeine concentration and period of exposure and negative sleep quality, but the sleep assessment protocols used in the included studies did not have high-quality standards and could not provide good evidence.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Sleep quality is an important determinant of health, and better investments in research with adequate sleep assessment tools are necessary to guarantee the ideal management of children who were born preterm.
PubMed: 37718322
DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00166-2 -
Sleep Medicine Nov 2023Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly one billion of the global adult population. It is associated with substantial burden in terms of quality of life, cognitive... (Review)
Review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly one billion of the global adult population. It is associated with substantial burden in terms of quality of life, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, commonly considered the first-line treatment, is limited by low compliance and lacking efficacy on long-term cardiovascular outcomes. A substantial body of research has been produced investigating (novel) non-PAP treatments. With increased understanding of OSA pathogenesis, promising therapeutic approaches are emerging. There is an imperative need of high-quality synthesis of evidence; however, current systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA) on the topic demonstrate important methodological limitations and are seldom based on research questions that fully reflect the complex intricacies of OSA management. Here, we discuss the current challenges in management of OSA, the need of treatable traits based OSA treatment, the methodological limitations of existing SR/MA in the field, potential remedies, as well as future perspectives.
PubMed: 37717377
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.006 -
Cureus Sep 2023Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and death are linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The primary method of treating OSA is continuous positive airway pressure... (Review)
Review
From Snoring to Soaring: Unveiling the Positive Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation on Cardiovascular Health in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Through a Systematic Review.
Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and death are linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The primary method of treating OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP has some debatable outcomes on CV events in people suffering from OSA. The current study investigates how CPAP affects CV outcomes. The goal is to evaluate CPAP's effectiveness in lowering CV outcomes in OSA patients. We used a computer to search the PubMed, PubMed Central Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases for studies comparing the effects of CPAP and a control group on CV outcomes in OSA patients. These included randomised control trials (RCT), narrative reviews, systematic reviews, case-control studies, observational studies and meta-analyses. A total of 52,937 patients were included in the final analysis of six RCTs, four observational studies, 10 meta-analyses, one case-control study, two systematic reviews and one narrative review. The weighted mean follow-up lasted for a period of between three months and nine years. The risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) was the same for both the CPAP and control groups. According to subgroup analysis, patients with lower MACE adherence rates (four hours per night) were more likely to use CPAP. The risk of all-cause mortality, CV-related complications causing mortality, acute myocardial infarction acute stroke, or hospitalisations for angina was the same in the CPAP and control groups. The primary outcome was that in patients with therapy with CPAP in addition to usual care and usual care alone did not prevent CV events in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and existing CV illness. Patients with OSA who utilise CPAP may not experience fewer CV events. Patients who use CPAP consistently (four hours per night) could benefit from improved CV results. Future research must assess how well-adherent patients with severe OSA and low CV event rates respond to CPAP therapy. In patients who use CPAP for more than four hours each night, CPAP therapy may minimise the risk of MACE and stroke. Additional randomised trials requiring adequate CPAP time adherence are needed to support this perception. Despite the fact that there is no evidence to support the claim that CPAP therapy improves CV outcomes, bias difficulties, CPAP adherence problems, and the patient groups included in each RCT may have made it more difficult to generalise the findings to all patients. Future research is therefore needed to look at these relevant results.
PubMed: 37711271
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45076 -
Obesity Surgery Nov 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the short- and medium-term weight loss outcomes and comorbidity resolution following endoscopic sleeve... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the short- and medium-term weight loss outcomes and comorbidity resolution following endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. Our search identified 35 relevant studies containing data from 7525 patients. Overall, pooled short-term (12 months) total weight loss (TWL) was 16.2% (95% CI 13.1-19.4%) in 23 studies (n = 5659). Pooled medium-term TWL was 15.4% (95% CI 13.7-17.2%) in 10 studies (n = 4040). Diabetes resolution was 55.4% (95% CI 46-64%), hypertension resolution was 62.8% (95% CI 43-82%), dyslipidaemia resolution was 56.3% (95% CI 49-63%), and obstructive sleep apnoea resolution was 51.7% (95% CI 16.2-87.3%) in four studies (n = 480). This pooled analysis demonstrates that ESG can induce durable weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities in patients with moderate obesity.
Topics: Humans; Gastroplasty; Obesity, Morbid; Obesity; Comorbidity; Weight Loss; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37700147
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06778-x