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Lipids in Health and Disease Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the lipid profiles in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the lipid profiles in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
METHODS
The literature and relevant reviews were searched for published clinical studies on the relationship between JIA and blood lipid levels. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the risk and methodological value of the included case‒control and cohort studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals were derived for all variables with adequate unprocessed data. This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
In total, 16 studies were incorporated through screening. The analysis findings revealed that the levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD=-0.411, 95% CI (-0.774~-0.048), P = 0.026], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD=-0.528, 95% CI (-0.976~-0.079), P = 0.021], and apolipoprotein A1 [SMD=-1.050, 95% CI (-1.452~-0.647), P = 0.000] in JIA patients were statistically lower than those observed in healthy controls. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD = 0.202, 95% CI (0.003 ~ 0.400), P = 0.046] was significantly higher in JIA patients than in healthy controls. In JIA patients, body mass index [SMD=-0.189, 95% CI (-0.690 ~ 0.311), P = 0.459], high-density lipoprotein [SMD =-1.235, 95% CI (-2.845 ~ 0.374), P = 0.133), low-density lipoprotein [SMD = 0.616, 95% CI (-0.813 ~ 2.046), P = 0.398), triglycerides (SMD = 0.278, 95% CI (-0.182 ~ 0.738), P = 0.236], total cholesterol [SMD=-0.073, 95% CI (-0.438 ~ 0.293), P = 0.696] and apolipoprotein B levels [SMD = 0.226, 95% CI (-0.133 ~ 0.585), P = 0.217] were not significantly different from those in healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes of this meta-analysis suggest that dyslipidemia is common in JIA patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with JIA have a significantly increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease later in life.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Juvenile; Apolipoproteins B; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipoproteins, HDL
PubMed: 37626321
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01885-1 -
The association between lipoprotein(a) and atrial fibrillation: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Clinical Cardiology Aug 2023Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a particle consisting of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like core connected to an apolipoprotein(a) chain, which is an established risk factor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a particle consisting of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like core connected to an apolipoprotein(a) chain, which is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies addressing the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and Lp(a) demonstrated conflicted results. Thus, we sought to evaluate this relationship by conducting this systemic review and meta-analysis. We performed a comprehensive systematic search of health science databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, to identify all relevant literature from their inception to March 1, 2023. We identified nine related articles, which were eventually included in this study. Our study showed no association between Lp(a) with new-onset AF (HR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-3.67, p = .432). In addition, genetically elevated Lp(a) was not associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p = .461). Different stratification of Lp(a) levels may have different outcomes. Also, higher Lp(a) levels may be inversely associated with the risk of developing AF compared to those with lower levels. Lp(a) levels were not associated with incident AF. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism underlying these results and better understand Lp(a) stratification for AF and the possible inverse association between Lp(a) and AF.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Lipoprotein(a); Risk Factors
PubMed: 37436817
DOI: 10.1002/clc.24086 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jul 2023Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) are associated with various cardiometabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) are associated with various cardiometabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of these markers with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
METHODS
We ran a systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science on March 15, 2023. No language or date restrictions were applied. The only synthesised effect measure reported was the odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We utilised the random-effects model for the quantitative synthesis.
RESULTS
We analysed 50 studies (n = 150 519) with different definitions for MetS. Increased ApoB values were associated with MetS (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 2.44-3.22; p < 0.01, I = 99%). Decreased ApoA1 values were associated with MetS (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.38-0.47; p < 0.01, I = 99%). Increased values of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio were associated with MetS (OR = 4.97; 95% CI: 3.83-6.44; p < 0.01, I = 97%). Decreased values of Lp(a) were associated with MetS (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96; p < 0.01; I = 92%).
CONCLUSIONS
Increased values of ApoB and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio are associated with MetS, while decreased values of ApoA1 and Lp(a) are associated with MetS. These findings suggest that these lipid markers may serve as potential indicators for identifying subjects at risk of developing MetS. However, further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Lipoprotein(a); Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins B; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 37420190
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01860-w -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Aug 2023Numerous approaches have been assigned to treat dyslipidemia (DLP). Turmeric/curcumin have been widely investigated with this regard. In the current study, we explored... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Numerous approaches have been assigned to treat dyslipidemia (DLP). Turmeric/curcumin have been widely investigated with this regard. In the current study, we explored the effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on lipid profile.
METHODS
Online databases were searched up to October 2022. The outcomes included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and apolipoprotein A (Apo-A). We used the Cochrane quality assessment tool to evaluate the risk of bias. The effect sizes were estimated as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Out of 4182 articles retrieved from the initial search, 64 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the study. Between-study heterogeneity was significant. Meta-analysis showed that turmeric/curcumin supplementation exerts statistically significant improvements on blood levels of TC (WMD = -3.99 mg/dL; 95% CI = -5.33, -2.65), TG (WMD = -6.69 mg/dL; 95% CI = -7.93, -5.45), LDL-c (WMD = -4.89 mg/dL; 95% CI = -5.92, -3.87), and HDL-c (WMD = 1.80 mg/dL; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.17). However, turmeric/curcumin supplementation was not associated with improvements in blood levels of Apo-A or Apo-B. The studies did not thoroughly address the issues of potency, purity, or consumption with other foods.
CONCLUSION
Turmeric/curcumin supplementation seems to be effective in improving blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c; but may not be capable of improving their pertinent apolipoproteins. Since the evidence was assessed to be low and very low concerning the outcomes, these findings should be dealt with caution.
Topics: Humans; Apolipoproteins A; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Curcuma; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Lipids; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37230418
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102955 -
European Heart Journal Jul 2023Due to growing environmental focus, plant-based diets are increasing steadily in popularity. Uncovering the effect on well-established risk factors for cardiovascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Due to growing environmental focus, plant-based diets are increasing steadily in popularity. Uncovering the effect on well-established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, is thus highly relevant. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the effect of vegetarian and vegan diets on blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Studies published between 1980 and October 2022 were searched for using PubMed, Embase, and references of previous reviews. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that quantified the effect of vegetarian or vegan diets vs. an omnivorous diet on blood lipids and lipoprotein levels in adults over 18 years. Estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty trials were included in the study. Compared with the omnivorous group, the plant-based diets reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with mean differences of -0.34 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, -0.44, -0.23; P = 1 × 10-9), -0.30 mmol/L (-0.40, -0.19; P = 4 × 10-8), and -12.92 mg/dL (-22.63, -3.20; P = 0.01), respectively. The effect sizes were similar across age, continent, duration of study, health status, intervention diet, intervention program, and study design. No significant difference was observed for triglyceride levels.
CONCLUSION
Vegetarian and vegan diets were associated with reduced concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-effects that were consistent across various study and participant characteristics. Plant-based diets have the potential to lessen the atherosclerotic burden from atherogenic lipoproteins and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lipids; Vegetarians; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipoproteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Apolipoproteins
PubMed: 37226630
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad211 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2023Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Habitual consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with cardioprotective benefits.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Habitual consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with cardioprotective benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines globally recommend nuts as a key component of a healthy diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between tree nut and peanut consumption and risk factors for CVD in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (PROSPERO: CRD42022309156). MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to 26 September, 2021. All RCT studies that assessed the effects of tree nut or peanut consumption of any dose on CVD risk factors were included. Review Manager software was used to conduct a random effect meta-analysis for CVD outcomes from RCTs. Forest plots were generated for each outcome, between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I test statistic and funnel plots and Egger's test for outcomes with ≥10 strata. The quality assessment used the Health Canada Quality Appraisal Tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). A total of 153 articles describing 139 studies (81 parallel design and 58 cross-over design) were included in the systematic review, with 129 studies in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) following nut consumption. However, the quality of evidence was "low" for only 18 intervention studies. The certainty of the body of evidence for TC:HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apoB were "moderate" because of inconsistency, for TG were "low," and for LDL cholesterol and TC were "very low" because of inconsistency and the likelihood of publication bias. The findings of this review provide evidence of a combined effect of tree nuts and peanuts on a range of biomarkers to create an overall CVD risk reduction.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Nuts; Arachis; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, HDL; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Apolipoproteins B
PubMed: 37149262
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.004 -
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and... Feb 2024Avocados are a rich source of unsaturated fats and bioactives, however, their role in altering cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Avocados are a rich source of unsaturated fats and bioactives, however, their role in altering cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to review the effects of consuming diets containing avocado compared with control diets containing no or low amounts of avocado on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults who were healthy, had clinical cardiovascular disease, or were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and a Clinical Trials Registry) along with Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 1990 and November 10, 2021. Randomized controlled trials ≥3 weeks and prospective cohort studies were included. Ten studies-9 randomized controlled trials (n = 503 participants) and 1 prospective observational study (n = 55,407)-met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes assessed by means of meta-analysis were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (primary), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Outcomes assessed by narrative review were TC to HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, blood pressure, body weight, body mass index (calculated as kg/m), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition, and blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, version 2.0 and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; quality of evidence was examined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Random-effects models meta-analyses were performed when there were ≥3 studies of the same design (ie, randomized controlled trial) and reporting the same outcome. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by calculating χ and I statistics and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots.
RESULTS
Overall, there was a small, significant reduction in TC (-5.08 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, divide by 38.67]; 95% CI -9.29 to -0.87 mg/dL; P = .02) in avocado vs the control groups and no significant difference in LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant reductions in LDL-C (-9.4 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, divide by 38.67]; 95% CI -10.84 to -7.95 mg/dL; P < .00001) and TC (-7.54 mg/dL; 95% CI -9.40 to -5.68 mg/dL; P < .00001) in avocado vs control groups in hypercholesterolemic populations, and no differences were seen in normocholesterolemic populations. However, the certainty in the findings was graded as low to very low. Body weight and composition were not negatively affected by avocado consumption.
CONCLUSIONS
Avocado consumption may reduce TC and LDL-C in people with hypercholesterolemia. Avocado consumption does not negatively impact body weight. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to have greater confidence in the role of avocado consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Persea; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Prospective Studies; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36565850
DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.12.008 -
Neuropsychology Review Dec 2023First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family history of LOAD and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. In this quantitative review, we provide the first meta-analysis on the cognitive profile of unaffected first-degree blood relatives of LOAD-affected individuals compared to controls without a family history of LOAD. A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed /MEDLINE, and Scopus. We fitted a three-level structural equation modeling meta-analysis to control for non-independent effect sizes. Heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were also investigated. Thirty-four studies enabled us to estimate 218 effect sizes across several cognitive domains. Overall, first-degree relatives (n = 4,086, mean age = 57.40, SD = 4.71) showed significantly inferior cognitive performance (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.08; p < .001) compared to controls (n = 2,388, mean age = 58.43, SD = 5.69). Specifically, controls outperformed first-degree relatives in language, visuospatial and verbal long-term memory, executive functions, verbal short-term memory, and verbal IQ. Among the first-degree relatives, APOE ɛ4 carriership was associated with more significant dysfunction in cognition (g = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.11; p < .001) compared to non-carriers (g = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.01; p = .04). Cognitive test type was significantly associated with between-group differences, accounting for 65% (R = .6499) of the effect size heterogeneity in the fitted regression model. No evidence of publication bias was found. The current findings provide support for mild but robust cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives of LOAD-affected individuals that appears to be moderated by cognitive domain, cognitive test type, and APOE ɛ4.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Apolipoproteins E
PubMed: 36057684
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09555-2