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Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Aug 2024Diet and inflammation may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Diet and inflammation may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between proinflammatory diet, as estimated by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and the likelihood of developing MS or other demyelinating autoimmune diseases. A systematic search was performed of search engines and databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase) to identify relevant studies before 10th June 2023. The search identified 182 potential studies, from which 39 full-text articles were screened for relevance. Five articles with case-control design (n = 4,322, intervention group: 1714; control group: 2608) met the study inclusion criteria. The exposure variable was DII, with studies using two distinct models: quartile-based comparisons of DII and assessment of continuous DII. The meta-analysis of high versus low quartiles of DII with four effect sizes showed a significant association with MS/demyelinating autoimmune disease likelihood, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 9.10). The meta-analysis of four studies with DII fit as a continuous variable showed a 31% increased likelihood of MS per unit increment; which was not statistically significant at the nominal alpha equals 0.05 (OR 1.31; 95% CI 0.95, 1.81). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of a positive association between higher DII scores with the likelihood of developing MS, highlighting that diet-induced inflammation could play a role in MS or other demyelinating autoimmune diseases risk.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Diet; Inflammation; Demyelinating Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38901931
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.022 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jun 2024It is believed that the progression and development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Several studies have suggested that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
It is believed that the progression and development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Several studies have suggested that the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which estimates the inflammatory potential of diets, is associated with MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationships between DII and the MetS and its components.
METHODS
Relevant articles published in English from inception to May 2024 were identified by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included studies that reported the odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio for the association of DII with the MetS and its components. Effect sizes were pooled using a random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of three prospective studies and 22 cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that pro-inflammatory diets were significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS in cohort studies (RR: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.48) and cross-sectional studies (OR:1.24; 95% CI: 1.11-1.38). Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that a higher DII score was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.18; CI = 1.06-1.32). The pooled OR comparing the highest versus lowest category of DII with the odds of abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia was significant only after adjustment for covariates.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, higher DII is associated with a higher risk of MetS and some of its components. Based on the findings, dietary interventions should be considered for preventing MetS from the inflammatory perspective.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Observational Studies as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38898498
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00580-w -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jun 2024Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been increasingly popular, but its benefits in combination with exercise still need to be determined. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been increasingly popular, but its benefits in combination with exercise still need to be determined.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE combined with exercise compared with control diet with exercise in improving the body composition and metabolic health of adults.
METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) examining the effect of TRE combined with exercise on body composition and metabolic health in adults were included. All results in our meta-analysis were described as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (Cl). Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessment.
RESULTS
In total, 19 RCTs comprising 568 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. TRE combined with exercise likely reduced the participants' body mass (MD = -1.86 kg, 95% CI [-2.75, -0.97]) and fat mass (MD = -1.52 kg, 95% CI [-2.07, -0.97]) when compared to the control diet with exercise. In terms of metabolic health, the TRE combined with the exercise group likely reduced triglycerides (MD = -13.38 mg/dl, 95% CI [-21.22, -5.54]) and may result in a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (MD = -8.52 mg/dl, 95% CI [-11.72, -5.33]) and a large reduction in leptin (MD -0.67 ng/ml; 95%CI [-1.02, -0.33]). However, TRE plus exercise exhibited no additional benefit on the glucose profile, including fasting glucose and insulin, and other lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels, compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining TRE with exercise may be more effective in reducing body weight and fat mass and improving lipid profile than control diet with exercise. Implementing this approach may benefit individuals aiming to achieve weight loss and enhance their metabolic well-being. REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYSES: CRD42022353834.
PubMed: 38897385
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100262 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) May 2024The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available evidence from the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and academic...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available evidence from the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and academic performance in children and adolescents.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, which adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were examined from inception to April 8th, 2024.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were included in the current systematic review and sixteen in the meta-analysis. The relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and academic performance among children and adolescents was statistically significant (Pearson's correlation coefficient [r] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14 to 0.21, p < 0.001; inconsistency index [I] = 56.7%). The influence analysis revealed that removing individual studies one at a time did not result in any changes to the overall results (p < 0.05 in all cases).
CONCLUSIONS
A higher adherence to the MedDiet could play a relevant role in academic performance among children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38896917
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.045 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter rumen fermentation and increase feed efficiency in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding different feed additives in the diet of beef and dairy cattle on their performance, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The systematic review suggested 43 peer-reviewed publications, according to the pre-established criteria. In beef cattle, the ionophore antibiotics reduced the DMI, improved the feed efficiency without interfering in the average daily gain (ADG). Non-ionophore antibiotics and propolis extract increased the ADG. In dairy cattle, the ionophores, yeast-based additives, and enzyme additives increased the feed efficiency, DMI, and daily milk production (MY), respectively. Essential oil supplementation in beef and dairy cattle had no effect on the feed intake and animal performance. The systematic review and meta-analysis allowed us to conclude that different feed additives have different effects on cattle performance, however, our results suggest that there are a few gaps regarding their effects on animal performance.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Animal Feed; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Food Additives; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38896738
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230172 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429.
RESULTS
We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Exercise; Quality of Life; Cancer Survivors; Diet; Depression; Male; Body Mass Index; Female
PubMed: 38892682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111749 -
Nutrients May 2024Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the results are conflicting. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the results are conflicting.
OBJECTIVE
Here, a systematic review of case-control studies detecting fecal SCFAs in IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) and self-controlled studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating fecal SCFA alterations after interventions were identified from several databases.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) identified 21 studies published before 24 February 2023. Data extractions: Three independent reviewers completed the relevant data extraction.
DATA ANALYSIS
It was found that the fecal propionate concentration in IBS patients was significantly higher than that in HCs, while the acetate proportion was significantly lower. Low-FODMAP diets significantly reduced the fecal propionate concentration in the IBS patients while fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic administration did not significantly change the fecal propionate concentration or acetate proportion.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that the fecal propionate concentration and acetate proportion could be used as biomarkers for IBS diagnosis. A low-FODMAP diet intervention could potentially serve as a treatment for IBS while FMT and probiotic administration need more robust trials.
Topics: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Humans; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Probiotics; Propionates; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Acetates; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Biomarkers; Male; Adult; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892659
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111727 -
Nutrients May 2024Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through July 2023 using related keywords. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the random-effects model. We included 14 observational studies with 11 cross-sectional and three cohort studies involving 6436 sarcopenias among 33,801 participants. Vegetable and fruit consumption were significantly associated with reduced sarcopenia risk (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.79; = 59.8%). The association was significant in cross-sectional studies (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.84; = 56.3%; n = 11) but not in cohort studies (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.11; = 76.4%; n = 3). Moreover, the association was significant in age ≥60 (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.83; = 58.0%; n = 10). This meta-analysis suggests that eating vegetables and fruit reduces sarcopenia risk. However, as cohort studies provide a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies should be conducted.
Topics: Humans; Vegetables; Sarcopenia; Fruit; Diet; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38892640
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111707 -
Nutrients May 2024The optimization of infant neuronal development through nutrition is an increasingly studied area. While human milk consumption during infancy is thought to give a... (Review)
Review
The optimization of infant neuronal development through nutrition is an increasingly studied area. While human milk consumption during infancy is thought to give a slight cognitive advantage throughout early childhood in comparison to commercial formula, the biological underpinnings of this process are less well-known and debated in the literature. This systematic review seeks to quantitatively analyze whether early diet affects infant neurodevelopment as measured by various neuroimaging modalities and techniques. Results presented suggest that human milk does have a slight positive impact on the structural development of the infant brain-and that this impact is larger in preterm infants. Other diets with distinct macronutrient compositions were also considered, although these had more conflicting results.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Neuroimaging; Brain; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child Development; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Diet; Infant, Premature; Infant Formula
PubMed: 38892636
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111703 -
Nutrients May 2024Gut microbiome-modulating agents (MMAs), including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, are shown to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D) by restoring the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Gut microbiome-modulating agents (MMAs), including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, are shown to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D) by restoring the microbiome from dysbiosis. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of MMAs on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and biomarkers associated with (T1D). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, National Knowledge Infrastructure, WeiPu, and WanFang Data up to 30 November 2023. Ten randomized controlled trials ( = 630) were included, with study quality evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Random-effect models with standardized mean differences (SMDs) were utilized. MMA supplementation was associated with improvements in HbA1c (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI [-0.83, -0.20]), daily insulin usage (SMD = -0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.76, -0.07]), and fasting C-peptide (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI [0.17, 1.81]) but had no effects on FBG, CRP, TNF-α, IL-10, LDL, HDL, and the Shannon index. Subgroup analysis of HbA1c indicated that a long-term intervention (>3 months) might exert a more substantial effect. These findings suggest an association between MMAs and glycemic control in T1D. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings with investigations on inflammation and gut microbiota composition while adjusting confounding factors such as diet, physical activity, and the dose and form of MMA intervention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Glycated Hemoglobin; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Biomarkers; Synbiotics; Dietary Supplements; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; Male
PubMed: 38892608
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111675