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Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2024The effectiveness of an elemental diet (ED) for preventing adverse events (AEs) during chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. The aim of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effectiveness of an elemental diet (ED) for preventing adverse events (AEs) during chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of ED for preventing AE in EC patients during chemotherapy. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve prospective and randomized studies published before April 12, 2023. The odds ratio (OR) of each AE was calculated using Review Manger 5.4.1. The risk of bias was assessed, and a random effect model-based meta-analysis was used to analyze the available data. Four prospective and randomized studies involving 237 patients were identified after a systematic search. Regarding gastrointestinal toxicities, the findings indicated a trend toward a decrease in the risk of mucositis (OM) (OR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.25-1.14), constipation (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.49-1.53), and anorexia (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.32-3.05), as well as an increasing trend in the risk of diarrhea (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI: 0.79-2.79), among patients treated with ED. However, none of these reached statistical significance. For hematological toxicities, the risk of all-grade neutropenia (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.57), grade ≥ 2 leucopenia (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.22-0.84), grade ≥ 2 neutropenia (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.17-0.67), and grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.12-0.63) was significantly decreased. There is no firm evidence confirming the preventive effect of an ED against OM or diarrhea. However, an ED may potentially be helpful in preventing neutropenia and leucopenia.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Food, Formulated; Antineoplastic Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38726608
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04787 -
Gut Microbes 2024Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of...
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Nutrients
PubMed: 38725230
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785 -
Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a... May 2024Health behaviors play a significant role in chronic disease management. Rather than being independent of one another, health behaviors often co-occur, suggesting that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Health behaviors play a significant role in chronic disease management. Rather than being independent of one another, health behaviors often co-occur, suggesting that targeting more than one health behavior in an intervention has the potential to be more effective in promoting better health outcomes.
PURPOSE
We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of interventions that target more than one behavior to examine the effectiveness of multiple health behavior change interventions in patients with chronic conditions.
METHODS
Five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane) were systematically searched in November 2023, and studies included in previous reviews were also consulted. We included randomized trials of interventions aiming to change more than one health behavior in individuals with chronic conditions. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data, and used Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of interventions on change in health behaviors. Results were presented as Cohen's d for continuous data, and risk ratio for dichotomous data.
RESULTS
Sixty-one studies were included spanning a range of chronic diseases: cardiovascular (k = 25), type 2 diabetes (k = 15), hypertension (k = 10), cancer (k = 7), one or more chronic conditions (k = 3), and multiple conditions (k = 1). Most interventions aimed to change more than one behavior simultaneously (rather than in sequence) and most targeted three particular behaviors at once: "physical activity, diet and smoking" (k = 20). Meta-analysis of 43 eligible studies showed for continuous data (k = 29) a small to substantial positive effect on behavior change for all health behaviors (d = 0.081-2.003) except for smoking (d = -0.019). For dichotomous data (k = 23) all analyses showed positive effects of targeting more than one behavior on all behaviors (RR = 1.026-2.247).
CONCLUSIONS
Targeting more than one behavior at a time is effective in chronic disease management and more research should be directed into developing the science of multiple behavior change.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Disease; Health Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38721982
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae021 -
International Journal of Preventive... 2024Growing the human brain requires all necessary nutrients to form and maintain, so the development of cognitive functions of infants and children depends on adequate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Growing the human brain requires all necessary nutrients to form and maintain, so the development of cognitive functions of infants and children depends on adequate nutrition. Children whose mothers had inadequate nutrition are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to review the studies conducted on "the relationship between nutrient intake during pregnancy and the development of cognitive functions in toddlers". The present study was conducted by systematic review method using PRISMA checklist items.
METHODS
To conduct this study, the keywords "maternal nutrition", "pregnancy diet", "pregnancy supplement", "IQ", "intelligence quotient", "neurodevelopment", "cognitive function", "toddler", "early years" and "infant" were searched based on the Mesh database in scientific databases including Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to find articles related to the effect of nutrition during pregnancy on the development of the cognitive function of toddlers and its components in Persian and English. Finally, 17 articles were selected for review in this study.
RESULTS
The results showed that taking a supplement of iron, saturated fatty acids, vitamins B and D, and folic acid improved the cognitive functions of toddlers. On the other hand, taking supplements containing iodine and zinc had no significant effect on the development of cognitive functions. Diets containing seafood during pregnancy had a beneficial effect on the cognitive functions of children.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results highlighted the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and showed that maternal nutrition played an important role in the development of cognitive functions of toddlers.
PubMed: 38715696
DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_22 -
Cureus Apr 2024As the world accelerates, sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles have an increasingly negative impact on human physical and emotional well-being. Millions of people... (Review)
Review
As the world accelerates, sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles have an increasingly negative impact on human physical and emotional well-being. Millions of people globally are thought to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is frequently brought on by diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Over time, the illness gets worse and eventually results in irreversible renal failure. A person's life can be seriously affected by CKD in many different ways, including emotionally, socially, physically, and financially. Apart from physiological manifestations like anemia, discomfort, and exhaustion, CKD can also result in psychological problems like anxiety and depression, which can impair one's overall standard of life. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of yoga and meditation on people with chronic renal disease, enhancing their general health and quality of life. Because of therapeutic limitations, familial pressures, financial restraints, and symptoms of end-stage kidney disease, people with CKD frequently experience stress and anxiety. By reducing stress and anxiety, yoga and meditation can help individuals with chronic conditions maintain their health and improve their overall well-being. Recent research has found that yoga can improve blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and basal metabolic rate as well as reduce blood pressure and blood sugar levels by balancing the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that yoga helps CKD patients live healthier lives by lowering stress, anxiety, and sadness. Healthcare professionals can help patients with chronic renal disease manage their symptoms and enhance their general health and well-being by adding yoga and meditation into their treatment regimens. Modifying lifestyle is essential for both the prevention and treatment of chronic renal disease. CKD often co-occurs with other age-related and sedentary lifestyles and poor diet-related chronic conditions. The dearth of targeted treatment for a large percentage of CKD patients led to the investigation of the therapeutic applications of yoga and meditation in this study. These affordable, non-invasive therapies provide a comprehensive approach to controlling CKD, benefiting both healthy individuals and those with CKD in terms of their physical and mental well-being.
PubMed: 38707181
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57546 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2024We explored correlations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and fracture risk in older adults. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
We explored correlations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and fracture risk in older adults.
METHODS
We systematically searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and CNKI for all relevant epidemiological studies published through October 16, 2023. Because observational studies were included in the meta-analysis, we used a random-effects model to pool the study-specific effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO.
RESULTS
Eight studies with 462,986 participants were included, with five cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, and one case-control study. An analysis of heterogeneity among the eight included studies resulted in I = 87.1%, indicating significant between-study heterogeneity; hence, the random-effects model was adopted to generate the combined effect size. We found that the DII was positively associated with fracture (relative risk: 1.188, 95% CI: 1.043-1.354). This result was further confirmed in leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides evidence suggesting that diets high in pro-inflammatory components might increase the fracture risk among older people. Decreased consumption of pro-inflammatory foods and increased consumption of anti-inflammatory foods are suggested to prevent adverse fracture outcomes. More prospective studies involving both sexes are warranted to verify the results.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Fractures, Bone; Diet; Aged; Risk Factors; Female; Male
PubMed: 38698503
DOI: 10.1177/03000605241248039 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Apr 2024Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis.
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD.
METHODS
Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5).
RESULTS
The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Resistance Training; Rats; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Mice; Ventricular Remodeling; Oxidative Stress; Obesity; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38695409
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230490 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Psychological issues are of significant concern in present-day society, as poor mental well-being results in depression and suicidal behavior. Understanding the current...
UNLABELLED
Psychological issues are of significant concern in present-day society, as poor mental well-being results in depression and suicidal behavior. Understanding the current situation of psychological stress among secondary school students will help policy makers to formulate targeted measures to help them cope with stress, and at the same time evaluate the effectiveness of the existing policies to address the shortcomings and enhance the diversification of interventions. The main purpose of this review was to map the existing evidence on the prevalence and levels of psychological stress among adolescents in China, and to identify the associated risk factors. This review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was performed spanning Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies involving only humans and full text in English were selected. Selection was limited to samples from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Variables were extracted, exploring the factors that affected the mental wellness of Chinese middle school students. A final 15 articles and 1 report were included. The findings revealed psychological stress is prevalent among Chinese middle school population, with the degree of prevalence from low to severe stress levels. Three dimensions of psychological stress affecting Chinese secondary school students: school, family and lifestyle. Within the school, the factors included academic stress, peer relationships etc. Family-related factors were comprised of parent-child relationship, parents' mental health status etc. Lastly, lifestyle-related factors included poor diet, sedentary and inactivity etc. Our findings suggest that policy makers should reduce the excessive emphasis on examination results and focus on the all-round development of students, and that schools should organize a variety of extra-curricular activities to reduce students' stress. Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere to minimize conflicts and maintain close communication with teachers.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
OSF; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HEFCP.
Topics: Humans; China; Students; Stress, Psychological; Adolescent; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Schools; Male; Female
PubMed: 38694991
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358210 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers in the world, and splenic flexure colon cancer accounts for about 2-5% of them. There is still no consensus on the...
Short- and long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of 5918 patients with splenic flexure colon cancer by extended right colectomy, segmental colectomy and left colectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers in the world, and splenic flexure colon cancer accounts for about 2-5% of them. There is still no consensus on the surgical treatment of splenic flexure colon cancer (SFCC), and the extent of surgical resection and lymph node dissection for SFCC is still controversial.
AIM
To compare the postoperative and long-term oncologic outcomes of extended right colectomy (ERC), segmental colectomy (SC) and left colectomy (LC) for SFCC.
METHOD
Up to March 2024, retrospective and prospective studies of ERC, SC, and LC for SFCC were searched through databases. Pooled weighted/standardized mean difference (WMD/SMD), odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed effects model or random effects model, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis includes 5,918 patients from 13 studies with more lymph node harvest (OR:6.29; 95%Cl: 3.66-8.91; Z=4.69, P=0), more operation time (WMD: 22.53; 95%Cl: 18.75-26.31; Z=11.68, P=0), more blood loss (WMD:58.44; 95%Cl: 20.20-96.68; Z=2.99, P=0.003), longer hospital stay (WMD:1.74; 95%Cl: 0.20-3.29; Z=2.21, P=0.03), longer time to return to regular diet (WMD:3.17; 95%Cl: 2.05-4.30; Z=5.53, P=0), longer first flatus time (WMD:1.66; 95%Cl: 0.96-2.37; Z=4.61, P=0) in ERC versus SC. More lymph node harvest (WMD: 3.52; 95% Cl: 1.59-5.44; Z=3.58, P=0) in ERC versus LC and LC versus SC (WMD: 1.97; 95% CI: 0.53-3.41; Z=2.68, P=0.007), respectively. There is no significant difference between anastomotic leakage, postoperative ileus, total postoperative complication, severe postoperative complication, wound infection, reoperations, R0 resection, postoperative mortality, 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in three group of patients. In LC versus SC and ERC versus LC, there is no difference between operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, return to regular diet, and first flatus.
CONCLUSION
In the included studies, SC and LC may be more advantageous, with fewer postoperative complications and faster recovery. ERC harvests more lymph nodes, but there is no significant difference in long-term OS and DFS between the three surgical approaches. Given that the included studies were retrospective, more randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this conclusion.
PubMed: 38686198
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1244693 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Apr 2024Evidence about feeding practices' consequences in small for gestational age newborns is not well established because they are less likely to initiate and continue... (Review)
Review
Evidence about feeding practices' consequences in small for gestational age newborns is not well established because they are less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than other newborns. Our aim was to study current knowledge about the benefits of exclusive human milk diet after 2 years of age in small for gestational age newborns. A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline criteria. Pubmed and Scopus were searched for studies published from databases inception until June 2, 2023. Included articles were analysed and synthesised. Risk of bias and level of evidence assessments were performed. They were enrolled small for gestational age newborns fed by breastfeeding, breast milk or donor milk. The systematic review included 9 articles which were related to 4 health domains: neurodevelopment, cardiovascular, somatic growth and bone mineralization and atopy. Extracted data support a beneficial effect of breastfeeding on these outcomes. Better quality of evidence and longer follow-up are needed.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Infant, Newborn; Breast Feeding; Infant, Small for Gestational Age
PubMed: 38679716
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01648-3