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Journal of Psychosomatic Research Aug 2024Research shows that people with a history of mental health conditions were at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, and mortality. However, the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Research shows that people with a history of mental health conditions were at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, and mortality. However, the relationship between mental health conditions and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes such as vaccine intention, uptake and vaccine breakthrough is not yet well-understood.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on the topics of COVID-19 vaccine intentions, vaccine uptake, and vaccine breakthrough, in relation to mental health conditions (e.g., depression, schizophrenia), in four databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO, and the publication lists of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), The Health Improvement Network (THIN), OpenSAFELY, and QResearch. Inclusion criteria focussed on studies reporting any of the aforementioned COVID-19 vaccine outcomes among people with mental health conditions.
RESULTS
Of 251 publications initially identified, 32 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence is inconclusive regarding the levels of intention to accept COVID-19 vaccines among people with mental health conditions. People with mental health conditions were more likely to have lower uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, compared to people without. Common barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake included concerns about the safety, effectiveness, and side effects of the vaccines. Limited evidence also suggests that vaccine breakthrough may be a particular risk for those with substance use disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence for the association between COVID-19 vaccine intentions and mental health conditions is mixed. Vaccine uptake might be lower in people with mental health conditions compared to people without, yielding interventions to encourage vaccine uptake in this population. Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough in this population also needs enhancing.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; Intention
PubMed: 38870550
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111826 -
Gene Jun 2024The inhibition of dipeptidyl- peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is an essential therapy for controlling hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the role of... (Review)
Review
The inhibition of dipeptidyl- peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is an essential therapy for controlling hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the role of DPP-4 in cancer is not yet clear, with some studies suggesting that it may either promote or suppress tumors. This makes it crucial to have personalized treatment for diabetic women with cancer to effectively manage their diabetes whilst and preventing cancer mortality. To address this issue, we conducted an integrative in-silico analysis and systematic review of the literature to comprehensively examine the relationship between DPP-4 expression and the effects of its inhibitors on prevalent female malignancies. We specifically chose studies that examined the effects of DPP-4 expression and DPP-4 inhibition (DPP-4i) on prevalent cancers in women, such as breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OV), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC). These studies comprised those conducted both in vivo and in vitro. The review of the literature indicated that DPP-4i may worsen aggressive traits such as metastasis, Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemotherapy resistance in BC cells. However, cohort studies on diabetic and BC patients did not confirm these findings. In vitro studies indicate that on OV, DPP-4 upregulation has been shown to prevent metastasis, while CCappears to be influenced by DPP-4 expression in terms of cell migration. sitagliptin, a pharmaceutical inhibitor of DPP-4, had a significant impact on reducing adhesion in CC cells in vitro. Overexpression of DPP-4 increased cell migration and proliferation in CC and EC cells, and hence the application of sitagliptin is expected to prevent this effect. On the other hand, the result of in-silico data confirmed that a significant correlation exists between DPP-4 expression and immune cell infiltration in breast, ovarian, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) as well as downregulated in these cancers compared to their normal tissue samples. Furthermore, a significant (p < 0.05) effect on OS of BC and CESC patients has been reported due to the elevation of DPP-4 methylation on a specific CPG Island. These findings could aid in creating specialized treatments for diabetic women with specific malignancies, but caution should be exercised when considering the patient's medical history and cancer type.
PubMed: 38866262
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148659 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024Synthetic biology is designing and creating biological tools and systems for useful purposes. It uses knowledge from biology, such as biotechnology, molecular biology,...
Synthetic biology is designing and creating biological tools and systems for useful purposes. It uses knowledge from biology, such as biotechnology, molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and other disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. It is recognized as both a branch of science and technology. The scope of synthetic biology ranges from modifying existing organisms to gain new properties to creating a living organism from non-living components. Synthetic biology has many applications in important fields such as energy, chemistry, medicine, environment, agriculture, national security, and nanotechnology. The development of synthetic biology also raises ethical and social debates. This article aims to identify the place of ethics in synthetic biology. In this context, the theoretical ethical debates on synthetic biology from the 2000s to 2020, when the development of synthetic biology was relatively faster, were analyzed using the systematic review method. Based on the results of the analysis, the main ethical problems related to the field, problems that are likely to arise, and suggestions for solutions to these problems are included. The data collection phase of the study included a literature review conducted according to protocols, including planning, screening, selection and evaluation. The analysis and synthesis process was carried out in the next stage, and the main themes related to synthetic biology and ethics were identified. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PhilPapers and MEDLINE databases. Theoretical research articles and reviews published in peer-reviewed journals until the end of 2020 were included in the study. The language of publications was English. According to preliminary data, 1,453 publications were retrieved from the four databases. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 publications were analyzed in the study. Ethical debates on synthetic biology have been conducted on various issues. In this context, the ethical debates in this article were examined under five themes: the moral status of synthetic biology products, synthetic biology and the meaning of life, synthetic biology and metaphors, synthetic biology and knowledge, and expectations, concerns, and problem solving: risk caution.
PubMed: 38863492
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1397796 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal women, there is need for a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the existing research globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global prevalence of depression and potential associated factors in postmenopausal women.
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to March 22, 2023. The meta-analysis used the random-effects model to calculate the prevalence of depression rates and associated factors. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's test, and nonparametric trim-and-fill tests.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 50 studies that involved 385,092 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women was 28.00% (95% CI, 25.80-30.10). Among the factors relevant to depression among postmenopausal women, marital status (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.33-3.11), history of mental illness (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.50-3.57), chronic disease (OR: 3.13, 95%CI: 2.20-4.44), menstrual cycle (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.72), abortion numbers (OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.40-1.80), menopausal symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.52-2.90), and hormone replacement therapy (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.31-2.35) were risk factors, while physical activity (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.53-0.59), number of breastfed infants (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.97), menopause age (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.37-0.51) were preventive factors.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of postmenopausal depression is high, and some risk factors and protective factors associated with it have been identified. It is necessary to improve screening and management and optimize prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the harmful effects of postmenopausal depression.
Topics: Humans; Postmenopause; Female; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Depression; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 38858633
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05875-0 -
Medicine Jun 2024The study aimed to predict the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after traumatic fracture of lower extremity, so as to apply effective strategies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The study aimed to predict the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after traumatic fracture of lower extremity, so as to apply effective strategies to prevent deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity, improve survival rate, and reduce medical cost.
METHODS
The English and Chinese literatures published from January 2005 to November 2023 were extracted from PubMed, Embase, Willey Library, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata/SE 16.0 software.
RESULTS
A total of 13 articles were included in this paper, including 2699 venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients and 130,507 normal controls. According to the meta-results, 5 independent risk factors can be identified: history of VTE was the most significant risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (risk ratio [RR] = 6.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-11.26); age (≥60) was the risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.18); long-term braking was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-1.93); heart failure was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51-2.33); obesity was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.35-1.83).
CONCLUSION
The study confirmed that the history of deep vein thrombosis, age (60 + years), previous history of VTE, obesity, prolonged bed rest, and heart failure are all associated with an increased risk of VTE. By identifying these significant risk factors, we can more intensively treat patients at relatively high risk of VTE, thereby reducing the incidence of VTE. However, the limitation of the study is that the sample may not be diversified enough, and it fails to cover all potential risk factors, which may affect the universal applicability of the results. Future research should include a wider population and consider more variables in order to obtain a more comprehensive risk assessment.
Topics: Humans; Age Factors; Fractures, Bone; Heart Failure; Lower Extremity; Risk Factors; Venous Thrombosis; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38847716
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038439 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2024Violence against women is a phenomenon that involves at least 35% of women worldwide. Violence can be sexual, physical, and/or psychological, perpetrated by the partner,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Violence against women is a phenomenon that involves at least 35% of women worldwide. Violence can be sexual, physical, and/or psychological, perpetrated by the partner, another family member, or a stranger. Violence is a public health problem because its consequences include higher morbidity, higher mortality, and short and long-term physical and psychological health diseases. Most studies prove an association between any type of violence and some chronic pain diagnoses but no one has done a complete collection of this evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether this association is statistically significant, including the largest number of studies. Through the inclusion of 37 articles, the association has been demonstrated. Compared with no history of violence, women who did experience violence showed 2 times greater odds of developing chronic pain. The impact of violence was significant also on fibromyalgia separately, but not on pelvic pain.PROSPERO registrationPROSPERO CRD42023425477.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Pain; Female; Pelvic Pain; Fibromyalgia
PubMed: 38834977
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03097-w -
IDCases 2024Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) is a potentially fatal infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Thus, early detection is critical in determining the case's...
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) is a potentially fatal infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Thus, early detection is critical in determining the case's fate. Clinical history and examination, brain computed tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and lumbar puncture have been used to establish a diagnosis. This report describes a case of HSVE with hypocellular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and an uncommon form of memory impairment. However, MRI results were consistent with HSVE, and CSF PCR tested positive for HSV-1 DNA that responded to treatment. We routinely advise patients to begin antiviral therapy as soon as possible to avoid complications.
PubMed: 38831962
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01981 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024Despite several preventative and control measures Ethiopia continues to see an increase in cervical cancer. Comprehensive evidence is very important to suggest ministry... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Despite several preventative and control measures Ethiopia continues to see an increase in cervical cancer. Comprehensive evidence is very important to suggest ministry of health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the pooled violence of Precancerous Cervical Lesion and to identify associated factors among women living with HIV AIDS in Ethiopia.
METHODS
From February 15, 2024 to March 17, 2024, systematic and methodical search of the literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, HINARI, Global Health, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, African Journal online (AJOL), and Google Scholar. Quality appraisal was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional study using 9 criteria. The Cochrane Q and I2 test statistics were used to verify the heterogeneity of the studies. Using a fixed effect model, the pooled estimate prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion among women living with HIV was calculated.
RESULTS
After reviewing 9,470 studies, 9 studies involving 2,910 women with HIV were included. The pooled estimate of precancerous cervical cancer among women living with HIV in Ethiopia was 15.34% (95% CI: 8.97, 21.72). Having history of sexual infection (POR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.38, 7.05), having multiple sexual partner (POR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.29, 4.30), and parity greater than two (POR = 4.97; 95% CI: 3.17, 7.78) were identified factors associated with precancerous cervical lesion.
CONCLUSION
This study found that about one-six of HIV-positive women developed precancerous cervical lesion. According to this study, there was a substantial correlation between precancerous cervical lesion among HIV-positive women and having history of sexually transmitted infection, having multiple sexual partners, and being multipara. In order to reduce precancerous cervical lesion, FMOH, policy makers, and interested parties should pay particular attention to this issue.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; HIV Infections; Precancerous Conditions; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult
PubMed: 38831404
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12462-9 -
European Journal of Gastroenterology &... Jul 2024Sporadic fundic gland polyps (FGPs) progress, albeit rarely, to dysplasia and cancer. Two meta-analyses, including 8 and 11 studies, concluded that proton pump...
Sporadic fundic gland polyps (FGPs) progress, albeit rarely, to dysplasia and cancer. Two meta-analyses, including 8 and 11 studies, concluded that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were associated with FGPs. Intervention is considered unnecessary when FGPs have a background of PPIs use. Both meta-analyses, however, disregarded known confounders: age, sex, endoscopy indications, study design (prospective or retrospective), duration of PPI use, and H. pylori infection. Confounders are known to invalidate meta-analyses. We followed PRIXMA guidelines and searched the literature for studies on FGPs in PPI-users and PPI-nonusers. In the 22 studies searched, we compared FGPs in PPI-users (n = 6534) and PPI-nonusers (n = 41 115). Heterogeneity was significant (Cochran Q = 277.8, P < 0.0001; I2 = 92.8%), annulling meta-analysis performed by blanket tallying. To offset the above confounders, we matched PPI-users and PPI-nonusers by (a) age and sex (n = 4300 and 29 307, respectively) and (b) their propensity scores derived from the confounders (n = 2950 and 4729, respectively). After both matching, FGPs were not significantly different between PPI-users and PPI-nonusers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1, P = 0.3078; OR = 0.9, P = 0.3258, respectively]. Furthermore, FGP frequency did not correlate with increasing duration of PPI use (Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients = 0.1162, 0.0386, P < 0.6064, 0.8646, respectively); it was not significantly different between any of the duration periods of observation, namely, <10, 10-20, 20-40, >40 months, nor was it significantly different between PPI-users and PPI-nonusers within each duration period (P > 0.05). We conclude that PPIs are not associated with FGPs, implying that a background history of PPI use is not a justification for nonintervention in the management of FGPs.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Polyps; Female; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Risk Factors; Male; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 38829941
DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002788 -
Translational Psychiatry Jun 2024Mapping brain-behaviour associations is paramount to understand and treat psychiatric disorders. Standard approaches involve investigating the association between one... (Review)
Review
Mapping brain-behaviour associations is paramount to understand and treat psychiatric disorders. Standard approaches involve investigating the association between one brain and one behavioural variable (univariate) or multiple variables against one brain/behaviour feature ('single' multivariate). Recently, large multimodal datasets have propelled a new wave of studies that leverage on 'doubly' multivariate approaches capable of parsing the multifaceted nature of both brain and behaviour simultaneously. Within this movement, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS) emerge as the most popular techniques. Both seek to capture shared information between brain and behaviour in the form of latent variables. We provide an overview of these methods, review the literature in psychiatric disorders, and discuss the main challenges from a predictive modelling perspective. We identified 39 studies across four diagnostic groups: attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD, k = 4, N = 569), autism spectrum disorders (ASD, k = 6, N = 1731), major depressive disorder (MDD, k = 5, N = 938), psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD, k = 13, N = 1150) and one transdiagnostic group (TD, k = 11, N = 5731). Most studies (67%) used CCA and focused on the association between either brain morphology, resting-state functional connectivity or fractional anisotropy against symptoms and/or cognition. There were three main findings. First, most diagnoses shared a link between clinical/cognitive symptoms and two brain measures, namely frontal morphology/brain activity and white matter association fibres (tracts between cortical areas in the same hemisphere). Second, typically less investigated behavioural variables in multivariate models such as physical health (e.g., BMI, drug use) and clinical history (e.g., childhood trauma) were identified as important features. Finally, most studies were at risk of bias due to low sample size/feature ratio and/or in-sample testing only. We highlight the importance of carefully mitigating these sources of bias with an exemplar application of CCA.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Mental Disorders; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Canonical Correlation Analysis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Least-Squares Analysis
PubMed: 38824172
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02954-4