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Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology Jan 2024The approval of TNF-a inhibitors (TNFi) was a breakthrough in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Although also effective in psoriasis, drug-related adverse... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The approval of TNF-a inhibitors (TNFi) was a breakthrough in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Although also effective in psoriasis, drug-related adverse events of onset of psoriasiform skin lesions - paradoxical psoriasis (PP) under TNFi have been reported.
METHODS
We performed an electronic data search in MEDLINE via Pubmed and Cochrane library scientific databases from inception to January 2023, following the PRISMA guidelines. We assessed the distinct characteristics and frequency of risks for PP appearance in AS patients treated with different TNFi.
RESULTS
PP was found in 0.5-1% of TNFi-treated AS patients and the latency period was 2-11 months. The safest TNFi in terms of PP induction was certolizumab, whereas the one most commonly associated with PP was infliximab.
CONCLUSIONS
PP is an uncommon adverse reaction to TNFi treatment in AS patients and responds well to drug withdrawal. More large data studies need to be conducted though, to shed light on PP nature and management.
Topics: Humans; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Infliximab; Psoriasis; Adalimumab
PubMed: 37812484
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/rq4k3u -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Mar 2024Burns are often accompanied by a dysfunctional immune response, which can lead to systemic inflammation, shock, and excessive scarring. The objective of this study was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Burns are often accompanied by a dysfunctional immune response, which can lead to systemic inflammation, shock, and excessive scarring. The objective of this study was to provide insight into inflammatory pathways associated with burn-related complications. Because detailed information on the various inflammatory mediators is scattered over individual studies, we systematically reviewed animal experimental data for all reported inflammatory mediators. Meta-analyses of 352 studies revealed a strong increase in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, particularly 19 mediators in blood and 12 in burn tissue. Temporal kinetics showed long-lasting surges of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and burn tissue. Significant time-dependent effects were seen for IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and CCL2. The response of anti-inflammatory mediators was limited. Burn technique had a profound impact on systemic response levels. Large burn size and scalds further increased systemic, but not local inflammation. Animal characteristics greatly affected inflammation, for example, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were highest in young, male rats. Time-dependent effects and dissimilarities in response demonstrate the importance of appropriate study design. Collectively, this review presents a general overview of the burn-induced immune response exposing inflammatory pathways that could be targeted through immunotherapy for burn patients and provides guidance for experimental set-ups to advance burn research.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Male; Animals; Interleukin-6; Inflammation Mediators; Cytokines; Burns; Interleukin-1beta; Inflammation; Immunity
PubMed: 37806443
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.269 -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2023The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on cytokines/adipocytokines levels among periodontitis patients with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related cytokines/adipocytokines in periodontitis patients with or without obesity.
METHODS
We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement and registered the study (CRD42022375331) in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews. We screened randomized-controlled trials and controlled clinical trials from six databases up to December 2022. Quality assessment was performed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools for randomized trials and non-randomized trials, respectively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
We included seventeen references in the systematic analysis, and sixteen in the meta-analysis. Baseline results of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, serum C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin, were higher in obesity subjects than in normal weight subjects. The effect of NSPT with respect to levels of cytokines/adipocytokines, including IL-6, TNF-a, CRP/hs-CRP, resistin, adiponectin, leptin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), were then analyzed in the systematic and meta-analysis. After three months of NSPT, serum (MD = -0.54, CI = -0.62 - -0.46), and GCF (MD = -2.70, CI = -4.77 - -0.63) levels of IL-6, along with the serum RBP4 (MD = -0.39, CI = -0.68-0.10) decreased in periodontitis individuals with obesity. NSPT also improved GCF adiponectin levels after three months (MD = 2.37, CI = 0.29 - 4.45) in periodontitis individuals without obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Obese status altered the baseline levels of cytokines/adipocytokines (serum IL-6, serum and GCF TNF-a, serum CRP/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin). Then NSPT can shift the levels of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators in biological fluids, both in obesity and non-obesity individuals. NSPT can reduce serum and GCF IL-6 levels together with serum RBP4 level in individuals with obesity after 3 months, besides, there is no sufficient evidence to prove that obese patients have a statistically significant decrease in the levels of other cytokines compared to patients with normal weight. NSPT can also increase GCF adiponectin level in normal weight individuals after 3 months. Our findings imply the potential ideal follow-up intervals and sensitive biomarkers for clinical bioanalysis in personalized decision-making of effect of NSPT due to patients' BMI value.
Topics: Humans; Cytokines; Adipokines; Resistin; C-Reactive Protein; Interleukin-6; Chronic Periodontitis; Adiponectin; Prospective Studies; Obesity; Biomarkers; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
PubMed: 37798684
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03383-3 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Dec 2023The underlying psychobiology that contributes to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) onset and disease progression remains unclear. New research is emerging suggesting a possible link...
INTRODUCTION
The underlying psychobiology that contributes to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) onset and disease progression remains unclear. New research is emerging suggesting a possible link between inflammation and a variety of mental illnesses. Alterations of cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of AN. Some studies have found differences in the cytokine profile of those with AN compared to healthy controls, but results are heterogeneous. The aim of this work was to systematically review existing studies investigating in-vivo cytokine production in those with AN before and after weight restoration compared to controls.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, EMBASE and CINAH) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify human in-vivo studies investigating the relationship between AN and cytokine production. Data extracted from included studies related to population characteristics (e.g. age, gender, mean mBMI/%IBW), cytokine measurement and relevant findings. Confounding factors (e.g. smoking status, co-morbid mental illness, menstruation status) were also collected.
RESULTS
36 studies were eligible for this systematic review of which the majority were conducted in Europe (77.8%) and involved female subjects (97.2%). Those with AN ranged in age from 13 to 47 years and had an illness duration of 3 months to 24 years. 15 candidate cytokines and 3 receptors were identified (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1B, CRP, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-R2, IL-1 α, IL-15, TNF-R1, IL-17, IL-18, TGF-B1, IL-12, IL-6R and TGF-B2) exploring in-vivo levels in patients with AN and comparing to controls. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were the most extensively studied with IL-6 being significantly elevated in 4 out of 8 (50%) of longitudinal studies when comparing AN patients at baseline compared to post weight restoration. Following weight restoration, there was no difference in IL-6 levels when comparing to HC in 7 of 8 (87.5%) longitudinal studies examined.
CONCLUSIONS
The most promising cytokine potentially involved in the pathogenesis of AN appears to be IL-6, and possibly TNF-alpha pathways. The heterogeneity of clinical and methodology factors impedes the generalizability of results. Future studies may wish to address these methodological shortcomings as alterations in cytokine levels in AN could act as therapeutic targets assisting with weight restoration and psychopathology and may offer diagnostic potential.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Anorexia Nervosa; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Cytokines; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37769539
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106390 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Aug 2023This paper aimed to examine the effects of probiotics on eight factors in overweight or obese children by meta-analysis, namely, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This paper aimed to examine the effects of probiotics on eight factors in overweight or obese children by meta-analysis, namely, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and summarize the mechanisms of action of probiotics based on the existing researches.
METHODS
Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed and CNKI) were searched until March 2023. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. The data were analysed using weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) under a fixed effect model or random effect model to observe the effects of probiotic administration on the included indicators.
RESULTS
Four publications with a total of 206 overweight or obesity children were included. According to the meta-analysis, probiotics were able to significantly decrease the levels of HDL-C (MD, 0.06; 95% CI 0.03, 0.09; P = 0.0001), LDL-C (MD, - 0.06; 95% CI - 0.12, - 0.00; P = 0.04), adiponectin (MD, 1.39; 95% CI 1.19, 1.59; P < 0.00001), leptin (MD, - 2.72; 95% CI - 2.9, - 2.54; P < 0.00001) and TNF-α (MD, - 4.91; 95% CI - 7.15, - 2.67; P < 0.0001) compared to those in the placebo group. Still, for BMI, the palcebo group seemed to be better than the probiotic group (MD, 0.85; 95% CI 0.04, 1.66; P = 0.04). TC (MD, - 0.05; 95% CI - 0.12, 0.02; P = 0.14) and TG (MD, - 0.16; 95% CI - 0.36, 0.05; P = 0.14) were not different between two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
This review drew that probiotics might act as a role in regulating HDL-C, LDL-C, adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α in overweight or obesity children. Additionally, our systematic review yielded that probiotics might regulate lipid metabolism and improve obese associated symptoms by some paths. This meta-analysis has been registered at PROSPERO with ID: CRD42023408359.
Topics: Humans; Child; Overweight; Leptin; Pediatric Obesity; Cholesterol, LDL; Adiponectin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Probiotics; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL
PubMed: 37542325
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04319-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023In the past decade, targeted therapies for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have advanced significantly, offering tailored treatment options... (Review)
Review
In the past decade, targeted therapies for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have advanced significantly, offering tailored treatment options for patients. However, individuals without targetable mutations pose a clinical challenge, as they may not respond to standard treatments like immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and novel targeted therapies. While the mechanism of action of ICIs seems promising, the lack of a robust response limits their widespread use. Although the expression levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells are used to predict ICI response, identifying new biomarkers, particularly those associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), is crucial to address this unmet need. Recently, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have emerged as a key area of focus and hold significant potential implications for future clinical practice. Combinatorial approaches of IL-1β inhibitors and ICIs may provide a potential therapeutic modality for NSCLC patients without targetable mutations. Recent advancements in our understanding of the intricate relationship between inflammation and oncogenesis, particularly involving the IL-1β/PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, have shed light on their application in lung cancer development and clinical outcomes of patients. Targeting these pathways in cancers like NSCLC holds immense potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, particularly for patients lacking targetable genetic mutations. However, despite these promising prospects, there remain certain aspects of this pathway that require further investigation, particularly regarding treatment resistance. Therefore, the objective of this review is to delve into the role of IL-1β in NSCLC, its participation in inflammatory pathways, and its intricate crosstalk with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Additionally, we aim to explore the potential of IL-1β as a therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Topics: Humans; B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Tumor Microenvironment; Interleukin-1beta
PubMed: 37511306
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411547 -
Biomolecules Jul 2023Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that have been shown to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that have been shown to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has been limited due to their low bioavailability. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids has been proposed as a potential solution to this issue, as it allows the sustained release of the flavonoids over time. There are several different nanoparticle systems that have been developed for flavonoid delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in various diseases. We analyzed the performance of flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles in regulating cytokine production in different in vitro and in vivo studies. To this end, we followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to conduct a comprehensive search of the literature and to assess the quality of the included studies. The results showed that flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. In some cases, this effect was significantly greater than that observed with non-encapsulated flavonoids These findings suggest that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids may have potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Flavonoids; Cytokines; Nanoparticles; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Liposomes
PubMed: 37509193
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071158 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Jul 2023The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitors on gout flares. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitors on gout flares.
METHODS
Studies published between 2011 and 2022 that evaluated the effects of IL-1β inhibitors in adult patients experiencing gout flares were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes including pain, frequency and intensity of gout flares, inflammation, and safety were assessed. Five electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Biosis/Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were searched. Two independent reviewers performed study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 for randomised controlled trials [RCTs] and Downs and Black for non-RCTs). Data are reported as a narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies (10 RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, with canakinumab, anakinra, and rilonacept being the three included IL-1β inhibitors. A total of 4367 patients with a history of gout were included from the 14 studies (N = 3446, RCTs; N = 159, retrospective studies [with a history of gout]; N = 762, post hoc analysis [with a history of gout]). In the RCTs, canakinumab and rilonacept were reported to have a better response compared to an active comparator for resolving pain, while anakinra appeared to be not inferior to an active comparator for resolving pain. Furthermore, canakinumab and rilonacept reduced the frequency of gout flares compared to the comparators. All three medications were mostly well-tolerated compared to their comparators.
CONCLUSION
IL-1β inhibitors may be a beneficial and safe medication for patients experiencing gout flares for whom current standard therapies are unsuitable.
REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO ID: CRD42021267670.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Interleukin Inhibitors; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Gout; Arthritis, Gouty
PubMed: 37491293
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03098-4 -
Pharmacological Research Sep 2023To evaluate efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of 5 types of inflammatory arthritis METHODS: Databases such as Pubmed, Cochran Library,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of 5 types of inflammatory arthritis METHODS: Databases such as Pubmed, Cochran Library, Embase were searched to collect RCTs about TGP in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Then, the RCTs were assessed for risk of bias and RCT data were extracted. Finally, RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 63 RCTs were finally included, involving 5293 participants and 5 types of types of inflammatory arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), psoriatic arthritis. For AS, TGP may improve AS disease activity score (ASDAS), decrease erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and interleukin (IL)- 6; for RA, TGP may improve disease activity of 28 joints (DAS28), decrease ESR, CRP, rheumatoid factor (RF), TNF-α and IL-6; for psoriatic arthritis, TGP may improve psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and decrease ESR; for OA, TGP may improve visual analogue scale (VAS) and decrease nitric oxide (NO); for JIA, TGP may increase total efficiency rate, decrease ESR, CRP and TNF-α. For safety, RCTs showed that the addition of TGP did not increase adverse events, and may even reduce adverse events.
CONCLUSION
TGP may improve symptoms and inflammation levels in patients with inflammatory arthritis. However, due to the low quality and small number of RCTs, large-sample, multi-center clinical trials are still needed for revision or validation.
Topics: Humans; Glucosides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Paeonia; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37402434
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106842 -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Aug 2023Statins are well-established for their treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their cholesterol-lowering effects and potential anti-inflammatory properties.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Statins are well-established for their treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their cholesterol-lowering effects and potential anti-inflammatory properties. Although previous systematic reviews demonstrate that statins reduce inflammatory biomarkers in the secondary prevention of CVD, none examine their effects on cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in a primary prevention setting.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of statins on cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers among individuals without established CVD. The biomarkers included are: cardiac troponin, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). A literature search was performed through Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL Plus for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published up to June 2021.
RESULTS
Overall, 35 RCTs with 26,521 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Data was pooled using random effects models presented as standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Combining 36 effect sizes from 29 RCTs, statin use resulted in a significant reduction in CRP levels (SMD -0.61; 95% CI -0.91, -0.32; P<0.001). This reduction was observed for both hydrophilic (SMD -0.39; 95% CI -0.62, -0.16; P<0.001) and lipophilic statins (SMD -0.65; 95% CI -1.01, -0.29; P<0.001). There were no significant changes in serum concentrations of cardiac troponin, NT-proBNP, TNF-α, IL-6, sVCAM, sICAM, sE-selectin and ET-1.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis demonstrates that statin use reduces serum CRP levels in a primary prevention setting for CVD, with no clear effect on the other eight biomarkers studied.
Topics: Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Interleukin-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Troponin
PubMed: 37291001
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.04.300