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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Non-pharmacological behavioural interventions (NPBIs) have been employed by dentists to alleviate dental fear and anxiety (DFA) among preschool and school children. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Non-pharmacological behavioural interventions (NPBIs) have been employed by dentists to alleviate dental fear and anxiety (DFA) among preschool and school children. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of different NPBIs in reducing DFA among children aged below 12.
METHOD
A comprehensive search was conducted using four electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials that assess the effectiveness of NPBIs among preschool and school children. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the relevant studies, evaluated the risk of bias, and extracted relevant data for qualitative and quantitative syntheses.
RESULT
A total of 66 articles were included in the study. Except during more invasive dental procedures, the use of distraction techniques was found to result in significantly lower self-rated anxiety, better cooperation, and lower pulse rate compared to the tell-show-do method. However, inconsistent results were reported regarding the efficacy of virtual reality, modelling, visual pedagogies, tell-show-do and other NPBIs in reducing DFA among children.
CONCLUSIONS
The studies exhibited substantial heterogeneity due to varying age groups, methods of implementing NPBIs, dental treatments performed, and measurement scales employed in the evaluation of DFA.
PubMed: 38470648
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050537 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2024The accuracy of artificial intelligence-aided (AI) caries diagnosis can vary considerably depending on numerous factors. This review aimed to assess the diagnostic... (Review)
Review
The accuracy of artificial intelligence-aided (AI) caries diagnosis can vary considerably depending on numerous factors. This review aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of AI models for caries detection and classification on bitewing radiographs. Publications after 2010 were screened in five databases. A customized risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was developed and applied to the 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria out of 935 references. Dataset sizes ranged from 112 to 3686 radiographs. While 86 % of the studies reported a model with an accuracy of ≥80 %, most exhibited unclear or high risk of bias. Three studies compared the model's diagnostic performance to dentists, in which the models consistently showed higher average sensitivity. Five studies were included in a bivariate diagnostic random-effects meta-analysis for overall caries detection. The diagnostic odds ratio was 55.8 (95 % CI= 28.8 - 108.3), and the summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 (0.76 - 0.94) and 0.89 (0.75 - 0.960), respectively. Independent meta-analyses for dentin and enamel caries detection were conducted and showed sensitivities of 0.84 (0.80 - 0.87) and 0.71 (0.66 - 0.75), respectively. Despite the promising diagnostic performance of AI models, the lack of high-quality, adequately reported, and externally validated studies highlight current challenges and future research needs.
PubMed: 38450159
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.02.001 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024Oral health has an important role in the general health and well-being of individuals. Dental teams are ideally placed to support patients in preventing ill-health.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral health has an important role in the general health and well-being of individuals. Dental teams are ideally placed to support patients in preventing ill-health. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to the adoption, promotion and facilitation of preventive advice and treatment is key to improving oral health services. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is a useful psychological framework to help identify individual, interpersonal and environmental issues which could be impacting clinicians' ability to provide preventive advice and care. The aim of this review was to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to preventive oral health care from the perspectives of the oral healthcare team within the general dental practice.
METHODS
A search strategy was developed, piloted, and run in: Medline via Ovid, PsycInfo, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and followed PRISMA guidelines. Identified records were screened independently by two researchers. Data were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and analysed using narrative data synthesis.
RESULTS
5610 papers were identified, and 19 included in this review. Thirteen papers focussed on dentists. Of the 106 items mapped onto the TDF, 48 were facilitators. The domains most frequently represented were, environmental context and resources, beliefs about consequences, social professional role and identity, skills, beliefs about capabilities and knowledge. Six studies focussed on dental hygienists. There were 47 items mapped onto the TDF, 18 were facilitators. The domains most frequently represented were environmental context and resources, social influences, beliefs about consequences and knowledge.
CONCLUSIONS
The review identified that the delivery of preventive activities did not focus solely on the patient and dental professional interaction as many previous studies have highlighted. The review found that multiple factors influence whether prevention is delivered to patients. The largest barrier and facilitator for the dental professionals identified in this review was the environmental context and resources. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that aim to promote preventive oral health care in primary care settings to understand whether they address the barriers identified in this review.
Topics: Humans; Dentists; Professional Role; Oral Health; Preventive Health Services; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 38368349
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04022-1 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024Previous research has investigated the connection between sublingual varices (SV) and cardiovascular disease, aging, and smoking. However, it is still unclear whether... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous research has investigated the connection between sublingual varices (SV) and cardiovascular disease, aging, and smoking. However, it is still unclear whether arterial hypertension affects the presence of SV. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and the presence of SV.
METHODS
The literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase for cross-sectional studies until July 2023. PRISMA guidelines were used for article selection. A meta-analysis using standardized mean differences by a random effects model was conducted to pool studies.
RESULTS
A total of 568 articles were retrieved, of which twelve were included in the meta-analysis. Cumulatively, 2543 samples in the case group (1185 with hypertension) and 3897 samples (821 with hypertension) were studied in the control group. Using the random effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) revealed a significant association between hypertension and sublingual varices (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.69-4.18).
CONCLUSION
The meta-analysis showed a significant and positive association between sublingual varices and hypertension. SV's presence could be used by dentists as a non-invasive indicator of hypertension screening.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Smoking; Varicose Veins; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38360643
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03982-8 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024It is well documented that smokers suffer increased risk of postoperative complications after medical surgery, for example delayed healing and increased risk of...
BACKGROUND
It is well documented that smokers suffer increased risk of postoperative complications after medical surgery, for example delayed healing and increased risk of infection. It is also known that preoperative smoking cessation can reduce the risk of these complications. Because of this there are guidelines regarding preoperative smoking cessation in non-oral medical surgery. There are however no specific guidelines regarding oral surgical procedures, such as surgical extractions, dentoalveolar surgery, periodontal surgery, or dental implantation. Nevertheless, it is common that dentists and oral surgeons recommend smoking cessation pre to oral surgical procedures. The aim with this systematic review was to see if there are any evidence in the literature, supporting preoperative smoking cessation in oral surgical procedures.
METHODS
A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted to identify studies addressing the effect of preoperative smoking cessation in oral surgical procedures. Included publications were subjected to preidentified inclusion criterion. Six examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB 2. Certainty assessment was carried out using GRADE.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 2255 records, and after removal of 148 duplicates, 16 articles met an acceptable level of relevance. These were read in full text, whereof 12 articles were excluded, due to different intervention, outcome, or study design than stated in the review protocol. One study remained with moderate risk of bias and three were excluded due to high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review could not determine the effect of smoking cessation pre to oral surgical procedures, in smokers. This indicates lack of knowledge in the effects of smoking cessation. We also conclude a lack of knowledge in how to design smoking cessation in the most effective way.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Smoking; Smokers; Postoperative Complications; Oral Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 38360627
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03989-1 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its association with Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GAC).
METHODS
The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between PD and GAC. Six electronic databases were evaluated between 1961 and 2022. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently according to the eligibility criteria, assessing full texts of selected studies. The quality of the included research was verified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control and cohort studies. Statistical analyses were performed based on fixed and/or random effects models to calculate the summarized Relative Risk (RR) and its 95 % Confidence Interval (95 % CI).
RESULTS
There were 639 studies, of which nine articles were included (3 case-controls and 6 cohorts). Overall, the authors identified 1,253 cases of GAC 2,501 controls in case-control studies, and 1,631 patients with GAC enrolled in cohort studies. Patients presenting PD increased the risk of developing GAC by 17 % (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.03‒1.32), which remained regardless of the diagnostic method for PD, i.e., clinical examination (RR = 1.19; 95 % CI 1.14‒1.24) and self-report (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI 1.06‒1.69). Moreover, Asian patients (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.00‒1.36) with PD had a higher risk of having GAC than American and European patients (RR = 1.18; 95 % CI 0.84‒1.66).
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of PD the risk of GAC suggesting that its infectious-inflammatory process of PD may be related to GAC development. Further investigations on the oral-gastric microbiota and its role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer should be carried out, and the screening of patients with potential risk for GAC should be considered in the clinical practice of dentists.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Periodontal Diseases; Adenocarcinoma; Cohort Studies; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38301538
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100321 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Apr 2024This research was aimed at assessing comprehension, attitudes, and perspectives regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry. The null hypothesis was a lack of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This research was aimed at assessing comprehension, attitudes, and perspectives regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry. The null hypothesis was a lack of foundational understanding of AI in dentistry.
METHODS
This systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in May 2023. The eligibility criteria included cross-sectional studies published in English until July 2023, focusing solely on dentists or dental students. Data on AI knowledge, use, and perceptions were extracted and assessed for bias risk with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.
RESULTS
Of 408 publications, 22 relevant articles were identified, and 13 studies were included in the review. The average basic AI knowledge score was 58.62 % among dental students and 71.75 % among dentists. More dental students (72.01 %) than dentists (62.60 %) believed in AI's potential for advancing dentistry.
CONCLUSIONS
Thorough AI instruction in dental schools and continuing education programs for practitioners are urgently needed to maximize AI's potential benefits in dentistry. An integrated PhD program could drive revolutionary discoveries and improve patient care globally. Embracing AI with informed understanding and training will position dental professionals at the forefront of technological advancements in the field.
PubMed: 38293587
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.12.010 -
International Journal of Clinical... Nov 2023Intracanal posts are commonly used to restore lost permanent/primary tooth structure and the smile of the patient. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Intracanal posts are commonly used to restore lost permanent/primary tooth structure and the smile of the patient.
AIM
This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical success of intracanal posts used in primary maxillary anterior teeth and compare their mechanical properties.
METHODS
An extensive literature search was performed using Medline PubMed, Embase embase.com, LILACS, CINAHL EBSCO, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2021 and was updated till December 2022. and studies in the English language that assessed clinical success and mechanical properties were included. Distiller SR software was used for everything from title screening to data extraction.
RESULTS
A total of 30 studies were analyzed, including 11 and 19 studies. Four studies were included in a meta-analysis, and all 30 studies qualified for qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed that fiber posts are clinically superior to composite resin posts (CRPs) ( = 0.02). No significant difference was observed between the fracture resistance of CRPs and no posts ( = 0.73). Most of the included studies showed a high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
Conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of various intracanal posts cannot be established. This is due to the limited number of clinical trials and included studies of low to moderate quality with a high risk of bias. To validate the use of posts in primary maxillary anterior teeth, further research, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of higher quality, is required.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of intracanal posts in primary teeth is a commonly used treatment modality among pediatric dentists. However, the quality of the evidence to support its use is low. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of the current literature and highlights the need for further research. Results were interpreted with caution, as the evidence supporting the use of intracanal posts in primary teeth is limited.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Shanmugam Y, Raghu A, Muthu MS, Mechanical Properties and Clinical Success of Intracanal Posts in Primary Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S293-S305.
PubMed: 38268626
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2697 -
Cureus Dec 2023When restoring proximal surfaces in posterior teeth, dentists frequently encounter the difficulty of reproducing the proximal contact that is naturally present in... (Review)
Review
When restoring proximal surfaces in posterior teeth, dentists frequently encounter the difficulty of reproducing the proximal contact that is naturally present in unrestored teeth. In order to guarantee the durability of restorations made from class II composite resin, it is imperative that both functional and aesthetic requirements are met. This entails the choice of the matrix system that replicates the optimal proximal contact subsequent to the insertion of restorations made of class II composite resin. The objective of this systematic review is to assemble current research conducted on the various matrix systems utilized in class II composite restorations and assess their impact on the pre-existing composite proximal contact. Three examiners conducted an independent electronic search utilizing the subsequent databases: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. Publications on proximal contact in class II composite restorations were compiled from the time of their inception until August 2022, in accordance with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality assessment was conducted utilizing the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) instrument. Among the six studies that were included, it was observed that the sectional matrix system generated greater proximal contact tightness than the circumferential matrix system (Tofflemire). However, no significant distinction was found between the metal and polyester matrix systems. In contrast to alternative circumferential matrix systems, the utilization of a sectional matrix system yields a statistically significant improvement in the optimum proximal contact of class II composite restorations, according to the studies.
PubMed: 38259361
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50835 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2023The indicated treatment in cases of apical periodontitis (AP), a disease very prevalent in diabetic patients, is root canal treatment (RCT). This study aims to conduct a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The indicated treatment in cases of apical periodontitis (AP), a disease very prevalent in diabetic patients, is root canal treatment (RCT). This study aims to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to answer the following PICO question: In adult patients, does the absence or presence of diabetes affect the prevalence of root filled teeth (RFT)"?
MATERIAL AND METHODS
PRISMA Guidelines have been followed to carry out this systematic review. A literature search was undertaken in PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase and Scielo. All studies reporting the prevalence of RFT in diabetic patients and control subjects using radiographic examination were included. Study characteristics and risk ratios with 95% CIs were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of RFT were estimated with 701 people and 15,882 teeth. Among diabetic patients, 6.1% of teeth had undergone RCT, while in controls this percentage was 3% (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.0 - 2.9; p = 0.065). Among diabetic patients, 65% had at least one RFT, while in controls this percentage dropped to 55% (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 0.5 - 3.7; > 0.05). The certainty of evidence was low.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of RFT in diabetic patients is almost double that in the control population, however this result is only marginally significant. Dentists must take into account the high prevalence of RFT in diabetic patients, investigating the presence of diabetes in those patients in whom a high frequency of RCT is observed. Diabetes, endodontics, epidemiology, root canal treatment, root filled teeth, prevalence, survey, population-based study.
PubMed: 38074167
DOI: 10.4317/jced.61011