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Nutrients Aug 2023This paper presents a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of fatty acid supplementation in potentially preventing and treating sarcopenia. PubMed,... (Review)
Review
This paper presents a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of fatty acid supplementation in potentially preventing and treating sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords 'fatty acid' and 'sarcopenia'. Results: A total of 14 clinical and 11 pre-clinical (including cell and animal studies) studies were included. Of the 14 clinical studies, 12 used omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as supplements, 1 study used ALA and 1 study used CLA. Seven studies combined the use of fatty acid with resistant exercises. Fatty acids were found to have a positive effect in eight studies and they had no significant outcome in six studies. The seven studies that incorporated exercise found that fatty acids had a better impact on elderlies. Four animal studies used novel fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid, trans-fatty acid, and olive leaf extraction as interventions. Three animal and four cell experiment studies revealed the possible mechanisms of how fatty acids affect muscles by improving regenerative capacity, reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunctions, and attenuating cell death. Conclusion: Fatty acids have proven their value in improving sarcopenia in pre-clinical experiments. However, current clinical studies show controversial results for its role on muscle, and thus the mechanisms need to be studied further. In the future, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to assess the effectiveness of using fatty acids in humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Muscles; Cell Death; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 37630803
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163613 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The relationships of the rs17782313 polymorphism near melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) and the rs8192678 polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The rs17782313 polymorphism near MC4R gene confers a high risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, while PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The relationships of the rs17782313 polymorphism near melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) and the rs8192678 polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha gene (PGC1α) with metabolic abnormalities have been explored in many populations around the world, but the findings were not all consistent and sometimes even a bit contradictory.
METHODS
Electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Google Scholar were checked for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were carefully extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated by using a random-effects model to examine the differences in the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia between the genotypes of the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. Cochran's Q-statistic test and Begg's test were employed to identify heterogeneity among studies and publication bias, respectively.
RESULTS
Fifty studies (58,716 subjects) and 51 studies (18,660 subjects) were respectively included in the pooled meta-analyses for the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. The C-allele carriers of the rs17782313 polymorphism had a higher average level of body mass index (SMD = 0.21 kg/m, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.12 to 0.29 kg/m, < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.14 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.23 cm, < 0.001) and blood glucose (SMD = 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16 mg/dL, = 0.01) than the TT homozygotes. Regarding the rs8192678 polymorphism, no significant associations with the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia were detected. However, significant correlations between the rs8192678 polymorphism and multiple glucometabolic indexes were observed in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, ethnicity and health status.
CONCLUSION
The meta-analysis demonstrates that the C allele of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism confers a higher risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, and the PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder. These findings may partly explain the relationships between these variants and diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022373543.
Topics: Humans; Alleles; Genotype; Hyperglycemia; Obesity; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4
PubMed: 37621650
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210455