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Current Nutrition Reports Dec 2023Dietary patterns that include polyphenols may help manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Pigmented rice contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Dietary patterns that include polyphenols may help manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Pigmented rice contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its antioxidant properties. This review examined the effect of polyphenol-containing pigmented rice on antioxidant status, lipid profile, glucose/insulin, blood pressure, and weight among adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles published in English since 2000, using PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022358132). Two-staged screening resulted in the inclusion of seventeen (seven acute, ten chronic) randomized controlled trials. A random effects model was conducted on cardiometabolic outcomes reported in at least three studies.
RECENT FINDINGS
Acute intake increased plasma antioxidant activity and lowered postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Chronic consumption was associated with reductions in fasting glucose (WMD: -1.60 mg/dL; 95% CI:-3.05,-0.14, p = 0.03, k = 5, n = 349), weight (WMD: -0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.02, p = 0.03, k = 3, n = 182), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -1.39 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.56, p = 0.001, k = 3, n = 185). No effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure was found. The consumption of pigmented rice may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the small number of studies and differences in study design, including participants' health status, form of rice utilized, and duration of intervention, support the need for more high-quality trials to further investigate these findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glucose; Insulins; Oryza; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37676476
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00496-7 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Oct 2023The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene-environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates.
METHODS
We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064).
RESULTS
In total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis-12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC.
CONCLUSION
Sun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make-up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome-wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
PubMed: 37537768
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2259 -
Cureus Jul 2023Melasma, a commonly acquired hyperpigmentation skin condition, is usually treated with topical agents as the first line of management. This systematic review and... (Review)
Review
Melasma, a commonly acquired hyperpigmentation skin condition, is usually treated with topical agents as the first line of management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of azelaic acid versus hydroquinone in treating melasma patients. We conducted a comprehensive search across four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from the time of their creation until May 28, 2023. We considered randomized controlled studies comparing hydroquinone with azelaic acid for the treatment of melasma patients. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 to evaluate the risk of bias. The mean difference (MD) for continuous variables and the risk ratio (RR) for categorical variables, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. Six studies were included, with a total of 673 patients with melasma. The azelaic acid had a lower mean change in melasma area severity index (MASI) than the hydroquinone group [MD= -1.23, 95% CI (-2.05, -0.40), P=0.004]. No difference was observed regarding the improvement via the objective response scale, the reduction in pigmentation, or the adverse events reported. However, despite not being statistically significantly different, there was a trend towards having more good responses in the azelaic acid group. Azelaic acid may be better than hydroquinone in reducing melasma severity (measured by MASI). However, larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to validate these findings.
PubMed: 37457606
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41796 -
Musculoskeletal Surgery Jun 2024Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative disease arising from the synovial membrane, mainly affects large joints such as the knee (almost 80% of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative disease arising from the synovial membrane, mainly affects large joints such as the knee (almost 80% of total). Prostheses implanted in PVNS osteoarthritis show a higher revision rate when compared to primary osteoarthritis, due to the recurrence of disease and the overall surgical complications. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize and compare indications, clinical and functional outcomes, disease-related and surgical-related complications of total knee arthroplasty in PVNS osteoarthritis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed with a primary search on Medline through PubMed. The PRISMA 2009 flowchart and checklist were used to edit the review. Screened studies had to provide preoperative diagnosis, previous treatments, main treatment, concomitant strategies, mean follow-up, outcomes and complications to be included in the review.
RESULTS
A total of 8 articles were finally included. Most of papers reported the use of non-constrained design implants, mainly posterior stabilized (PS) and in case of PVNS with extensive joint involvement implants with higher degree of constraint to obtain a fulfilling balancing. Recurrence of PVNS has been indicated as the major complication, followed by aseptic loosening of the implant and difficult post-operative course with an increased risk of stiffness.
CONCLUSION
Total knee arthroplasty represents a valid treatment for patients with PVNS end-stage osteoarthritis, with good clinical and functional results, even in longer follow-up. It would be advisable a multidisciplinary management and a meticulous rehabilitation and monitoring following the procedure, to reduce the emergence of recurrence and overall complications.
Topics: Humans; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Treatment Outcome; Knee Prosthesis; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37338752
DOI: 10.1007/s12306-023-00793-y -
Eye (London, England) Aug 2023The aim of this systematic literature review is twofold, (1) detail the impact of retinal biomarkers identifiable via optical coherence tomography (OCT) on disease... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The aim of this systematic literature review is twofold, (1) detail the impact of retinal biomarkers identifiable via optical coherence tomography (OCT) on disease progression and response to treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and (2) establish which biomarkers are currently identifiable by artificial intelligence (AI) models and the utilisation of this technology. Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed was searched for peer-reviewed publications dated between January 2016 and January 2022.
POPULATION
Patients diagnosed with nAMD with OCT imaging.
SETTINGS
Comparable settings to NHS hospitals.
STUDY DESIGNS
Randomised controlled trials, prospective/retrospective cohort studies and review articles. From 228 articles, 130 were full-text reviewed, 50 were removed for falling outside the scope of this review with 10 added from the author's inventory, resulting in the inclusion of 90 articles. From 9 biomarkers identified; intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid, pigment epithelial detachment, subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM), retinal pigmental epithelial (RPE) atrophy, drusen, outer retinal tabulation (ORT), hyperreflective foci (HF) and retinal thickness, 5 are considered pertinent to nAMD disease progression; IRF, SHRM, drusen, ORT and HF. A number of these biomarkers can be classified using current AI models. Significant retinal biomarkers pertinent to disease activity and progression in nAMD are identifiable via OCT; IRF being the most important in terms of the significant impact on visual outcome. Incorporating AI into ophthalmology practice is a promising advancement towards automated and reproducible analyses of OCT data with the ability to diagnose disease and predict future disease conversion.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This review has been registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42021233200).
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Artificial Intelligence; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Fluorescein Angiography; Biomarkers; Macular Degeneration; Disease Progression; Wet Macular Degeneration; Angiogenesis Inhibitors
PubMed: 36526863
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02360-4 -
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health... Dec 2023Wearable consumer technology allows for the collection of a growing amount of personal health data. Through the analysis of reflected LED light on the skin, heart rate...
BACKGROUND
Wearable consumer technology allows for the collection of a growing amount of personal health data. Through the analysis of reflected LED light on the skin, heart rate measurement and arrhythmia detection can be performed. Given that melanin alters skin light absorption, this study seeks to summarize the accuracy of cardiac data from wrist-worn wearable devices for participants of varying skin tones.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review, searching Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane for original studies that stratified heart rate and rhythm data for consumer wearable technology according to participant race and/or skin tone.
RESULTS
A total of 10 studies involving 469 participants met inclusion criteria. The frequency-weighted Fitzpatrick score for skin tone was reported in six studies (n = 293), with a mean participant score of 3.5 (range 1-6). Overall, four of the ten studies reported a significant reduction in accuracy of heart rate measurement with wearable devices in darker-skinned individuals, compared to participants with lighter skin tones. Four studies noted no effect of user skin tone on accuracy. The remaining two studies showed mixed results.
CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary evidence is inconclusive, but some studies suggest that wearable devices may be less accurate for detecting heart rate in participants with darker skin tones. Higher quality evidence is necessary, with larger sample sizes and more objective stratification of participants by skin tone, in order to characterize potential racial bias in consumer devices.
Topics: Humans; Wrist; Heart Rate; Skin Pigmentation; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 36376641
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01446-9