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Cells Sep 2023Vitamin D is one significant prohormone substance in human organ systems. It is a steroidal hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays. This paper presents a... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is one significant prohormone substance in human organ systems. It is a steroidal hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays. This paper presents a systematic review of the utilization of topical vitamin D, specifically cholecalciferol, calcipotriol, and tacalcitol, in the treatment of vitiligo. It considers the role of vitamin D in stimulating the synthesis of melanin and melanogenesis, which can help with the process of repigmentation. The inclusion of calcipotriol or tacalcitol in Narrowband Ultraviolet Phototherapy (NB-UVB) has shown the potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes for vitiligo. However, their effectiveness in combination with Psoralens Long Wave Ultraviolet Radiation (PUVA) and Monochromatic Excimer Light (MEL) treatment for vitiligo is limited. In contrast, combining topical corticosteroids with vitamin D analogues has demonstrated superior efficacy in treating vitiligo compared to using vitamin D analogues alone, while also providing the added benefit of reducing corticosteroid-related adverse effects. In addition, treating stable vitiligo with topical cholecalciferol and microneedling has shown success. Future studies are needed to ascertain an efficient method of administering vitamin D topically as an anti-vitiligo agent.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitiligo; Ultraviolet Rays; Ultraviolet Therapy; Vitamins
PubMed: 37830601
DOI: 10.3390/cells12192387 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Feb 2024Although light skin types are associated with increased skin cancer risk, a lower incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been reported in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although light skin types are associated with increased skin cancer risk, a lower incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been reported in patients with vitiligo. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the NMSC risk in patients with vitiligo, indicating a reduced relative risk ratio of NMSC in vitiligo. Furthermore, we propose a series of hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms, including both immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated pathways. This study reveals insights into the relationship between vitiligo and keratinocyte cancer and can also be used to better inform patients with vitiligo.
Topics: Humans; Keratinocytes; Melanoma; Risk; Skin Neoplasms; Vitiligo
PubMed: 37791932
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.012 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jul 2023The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the available data on the epidemiology of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) around the world, and to determine whether a...
PURPOSE
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the available data on the epidemiology of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) around the world, and to determine whether a generalizable, worldwide prevalence figure could be proposed.
METHODS
Extensive literature search strategies were conducted, interrogating PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to locate relevant literature. Ultimately 34 studies reporting original data were included for analysis.
RESULTS
Findings showed that most data were outdated, and only 6 of 34 articles (18%) were published after 2010. There were few good studies with sound methodology and large, clearly defined population samples. Only a small proportion of countries worldwide (26/193 [13%]) have produced prevalence figures for OCA. By continent, African studies were disproportionately represented (15/34 [44%]). The highest prevalence rates (range, 1 in 22 to 1 in 1300; mean, 1 in 464) were reported in population isolates. The mean prevalence from four African countries was 1 in 4264 (range, 1 in 1755 to 1 in 7900). Prevalence for three countries in Europe (mean, 1 in 12,000; range, 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 15,000) may be underestimated, as the phenotype, in fair-skinned populations, may be missed or misdiagnosed as ocular albinism or isolated visual impairment. Population rates may vary depending on local cultural factors (e.g., consanguineous matings) and may change over time.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of OCA varies widely between continents and population groups, and it is often influenced by local factors. It was not possible, therefore, to determine a single, generalizable worldwide prevalence rate for OCA, although continental rates for Africa and Europe are useful.
Topics: Humans; Mutation; Prevalence; Albinism, Oculocutaneous; Phenotype; Albinism, Ocular
PubMed: 37440261
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.14