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Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2023The relationship between precocious or early puberty and its treatment has received significant research attention, yielding diverse outcomes. This short review aims to...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between precocious or early puberty and its treatment has received significant research attention, yielding diverse outcomes. This short review aims to comprehensively analyze and summarize research articles to elucidate the potential link between precocious or early pubertal onset (CPP) and crucial health factors.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies published from -January 2000 to March 2023, sourced from databases of Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. We assessed the relationship between CPP and final adult height (FHt), bone health, reproductive function, body mass index, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, and increased cancer risk.
RESULTS
Upon reviewing and analyzing selected studies, the following key findings emerged: (a) treating CPP in girls before age 6-7 and in boys before age 9 improves FHt; (b) bone mineral density (BMD) decreases during GnRHa treatment but normalizes afterward, with no lasting effects on peak bone mass during puberty; (c) GnRH treatment does not negatively affect menstrual cycles; however, untreated CPP increases the risk of premature or early-onset menopause; (d) the incidence of PCOS/hyperandrogenemia may be slightly elevated in women with a history of CPP, but overall reproductive function remains largely unaffected; (e) earlier thelarche and menarche may enhance susceptibility to breast carcinogenesis; (f) CPP contributes to an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in both genders; (g) early menarche may slightly increase the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic strokes and (h) early pubertal timing increases the risk of depression and anxiety disorders.
CONCLUSION
Monitoring and early diagnosis of these conditions are of paramount importance for successful management.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Puberty, Precocious; Obesity; Puberty
PubMed: 38054666
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.15316 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Nov 2023Existing studies have investigated the relationship between the levels of serum inhibin B (INHB), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and precocious puberty in girls, but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUNDS
Existing studies have investigated the relationship between the levels of serum inhibin B (INHB), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and precocious puberty in girls, but the results are inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether the INHB and AMH levels changed in girls with precocious puberty relative to healthy controls.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched through June 2022. We included observational clinical studies reporting the serum levels INHB and AMH in girls with precocious puberty. Conference articles and observational study abstracts were included if they contained enough information regarding study design and outcome data. Case series and reports were excluded. An overall standard mean difference (SMD) between precocious puberty and healthy controls was estimated using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 11 studies featuring 552 girls with precocious puberty and 405 healthy girls were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the INHB level of precocious puberty [including central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature the larche (PT)] were significantly increased. While there was no significant association between precocious puberty [including CPP, PT, premature pubarche (PP) and premature adrenarche (PA)] and the level of serum AMH.
CONCLUSION
Scientific evidence suggested that the INHB level, but not the AMH level, altered in girls with precocious puberty compared with healthy controls. Through our results we think that INHB level might be a marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of precocious puberty (especially CPP and PT). Therefore, it is important to evaluate and thoroughly investigate the clinical indicators (e.g., INHB) in order to ensure early diagnosis and medical intervention, and the risk of physical, psychological and social disorders in immature girls with precocious puberty is minimized.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Inhibins; Observational Studies as Topic; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 37996919
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01302-2 -
Environment International Nov 2023Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols....
BACKGROUND
Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols. Early-life exposure to EDCs commonly found in PCPs has been linked to earlier onset of puberty.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and, if there is sufficient evidence, identify groups of chemicals and outcomes to support a systematic review for a class-based hazard or risk assessment.
METHODS
We followed the OHAT systematic review framework to characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related health outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight human and 299 animal studies that evaluated a total of 96 different chemicals were identified and mapped by key concepts including chemical class, data stream, and puberty-related health outcome. Among these studies, phthalates and phenols were the most well-studied chemical classes. Most of the phthalate and phenol studies examined secondary sex characteristics and changes in estradiol and testosterone levels. Studies evaluating PCP use and other chemical classes (e.g., parabens) had less data.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic evidence map identified and mapped the published research evaluating the association between exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and puberty-related health outcomes. The resulting interactive visualization allows researchers to make evidence-based decisions on the available research by enabling them to search, sort, and filter the literature base of puberty-related studies by key concepts. This map can be used by researchers and regulators to prioritize and target future research and funding to reduce uncertainties and address data gaps. It also provides information to inform a class-based hazard or risk assessment on the association between phthalate and phenol exposures and puberty-related health outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Phenol; Phenols; Phthalic Acids; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 37948866
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108307 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Mar 2024Does younger involvement in talent promotion programs (TPPs) facilitate the attainment of higher performance levels? This question is the subject of the present... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Does younger involvement in talent promotion programs (TPPs) facilitate the attainment of higher performance levels? This question is the subject of the present meta-analysis. Many national sport systems have established TPPs such as federations' junior squads (including under-age selection teams) and youth sport academies, and many are making expanding investments in TPPs. TPPs seek to select the most advanced youth high performers at young ages, around puberty or younger, and then strive to further accelerate their performance development. However, studies show 25-55% annual athlete turnover within TPPs. In this context, accelerated biological maturation (puberty, growth spurt), high relative age within one's birth year, and intensified sport-specific childhood/adolescent practice may boost rapid junior performance, but the effects diminish or are reversed by adulthood. Moreover, expanded opportunity costs and risks (time demands, injury, burnout) imposed on young TPP participants may impair their long-term development and even prematurely terminate their career.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to provide robust and generalizable evidence on the effects of early talent promotion on junior and senior performance through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted 18/03-03/04/2023 in SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, WorldCat, and Google Scholar. We searched for original studies that compared athletes across defined higher and lower performance levels within defined types of sports, age categories, and sexes, regarding their age at commencement of TPP involvement and reported effect sizes or data needed to compute effects sizes. Mean meta-analytic Cohen's was computed separately for junior and senior athletes. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the mixed-methods appraisal tool.
RESULTS
The search yielded k = 51 effect sizes from N = 6233 athletes from a wide range of countries and sports, 82% male and 18% female, from 2009 to 2022. The central finding is that effects on short-term junior performance versus long-term senior performance are opposite, whereby higher-performing junior athletes began TPP involvement at younger ages than lower-performing junior athletes, = - 0.53. In contrast, higher-performing senior athletes began TPP involvement at older ages than lower-performing senior athletes, = 0.56. The findings are robust across different TPPs (federation's junior squad/selection team, youth academy), individual and team sports, and performance levels compared (international, national, regional). The quality of primary studies was high.
DISCUSSION
The findings are consistent with recent meta-analytic evidence that participation patterns predicting early junior success versus long-term senior success are opposite (starting age, main-sport and other-sports practice amounts, age to reach performance 'milestones'). We discuss theoretical and practical implications of potential selection and 'treatment' effects of TPPs.
CONCLUSIONS
Consistent across different populations, early TPP involvement is positively correlated with short-term junior performance but is negatively correlated with long-term senior performance.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Child; Sports; Athletes; Team Sports; Aptitude; Youth Sports
PubMed: 37921913
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01957-3 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Oct 2023Many studies have investigated the impact of precocious puberty on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and the association between lipid profile levels and precocious... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Many studies have investigated the impact of precocious puberty on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and the association between lipid profile levels and precocious puberty. However, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL)and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were altered in girls with precocious puberty compared with healthy controls.
METHODS
References published before June 2022 in the EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible studies. A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used to evaluate the overall standard mean difference (SMD) between precocious puberty and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were preformed, and publication bias was assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies featuring 1023 girls with precocious puberty and 806 healthy girls were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis showed that TG (SMD: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.55; P = 0.04), TC (SMD: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.59; P = 0.04), LDL (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.84; P = 0.02)levels were significantly elevated in girls with precocious puberty. HDL levels did not change significantly (SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.61; P = 0.62). Subgroup analyses revealed that the heterogeneity in the association between lipid profile and precocious puberty in this meta-analysis may arise from disease type, region, sample size, chronological age, body mass index difference and drug usage.
CONCLUSION
Lipid profile levels altered in girls with precocious puberty compared with healthy controls. In order to minimize the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality, early interventions were needed to prevent obesity in children and adolescents, especially those with precocious puberty.
Topics: Female; Child; Adolescent; Humans; Lipids; Pediatric Obesity; Puberty, Precocious; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Triglycerides; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37848909
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01470-8 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1226933.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1226933.].
PubMed: 37822321
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1283833 -
The Experience of Menarche for Young People With Sensory and Motor Impairments: A Systematic Review.The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Feb 2024Young people with disabilities may face barriers to optimal management of menstrual health, including the management of menarche, a unique stage of development. This... (Review)
Review
Young people with disabilities may face barriers to optimal management of menstrual health, including the management of menarche, a unique stage of development. This systematic review examined the barriers to and facilitators of a positive experience of menarche for young people with visual, hearing, or mobility impairments. The MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO bibliographic databases, and grey literature were systematically searched in February 2022 to identify relevant research. Thematic synthesis of the extracted study findings was undertaken, using a team-based approach. A total of seven primary qualitative, and 1 mixed method studies were eligible for inclusion. The themes identified through metasynthesis were: timeliness of pre-menarcheal access, with many being unaware of menarche before it occurred, leading to fear and shock at their first period; resonance, with individuals reporting positive impacts of guidance from those with similar disabilities; and frame, the impact of surrounding societal narratives on the experience of menarche. Families, and those involved in the care of children with visual, hearing, and mobility impairments should be made aware of the importance of timely and resonant menarcheal support and guidance for these individuals and of broadcasting positive surrounding narratives of menarche. This should enable a positive experience of menarche for these vulnerable young people, supporting a good trajectory for later-life menstrual health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Fear; Menarche; Menstruation; Motor Disorders
PubMed: 37815768
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.014 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Oct 2023In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79-0.91; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between exposure to POPs and pubertal timing in boys (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.40; p = 0.070). Subgroup analysis showed that there may be gender differences in the effects of exposure to POPs on pubertal timing. Our results suggested that exposure to POPs could delay pubertal timing in girls. However, based on current evidence, no significant association was found between POPs exposure and pubertal timing in boys.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Persistent Organic Pollutants; Puberty; Environmental Pollutants; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
PubMed: 37801753
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115540 -
Journal of Eating Disorders Sep 2023According to case‒control studies, a multitude of factors contribute to the emergence of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present systematic review examines prospective... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
According to case‒control studies, a multitude of factors contribute to the emergence of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present systematic review examines prospective studies specifically designed to evaluate the prediction of AN onset.
METHODS
According to the ARMSTAR 2 and PRISMA 2020 checklists, the PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were searched. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist.
RESULTS
Three articles concerning prospective studies of the general population were ultimately included in the review. The methodological quality of these studies was not optimal. Bidirectional amplification effects were observed between risk factors, some of which could have a relative predictive force as low bodyweight or body dissatisfaction. Even if not included according to specified criteria for this systematic review 11 longitudinal studies, with retrospective analysis of AN onset' prediction, were also discussed. None of these studies asserted the predictive value of particular risk factors as low body weight, anxiety disorders or childhood aggression.
CONCLUSIONS
To date there are insufficient established data to propose predictive markers of AN onset for predictive actions in pre-adolescent or adolescent populations. Future work should further evaluate potential risk factors previously identified in case‒control/retrospective studies within larger prospective investigations in preadolescent populations. It is important to clearly distinguish predisposing factors from precipitating factors in subjects at risk of developing AN.
PubMed: 37730675
DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00882-0 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Aug 2023Proper nutrition during childhood and puberty is essential to ensure healthy growth of children and good health in adulthood. Different types of interventions have been...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Proper nutrition during childhood and puberty is essential to ensure healthy growth of children and good health in adulthood. Different types of interventions have been suggested to promote nutritional health in children. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence from experimental studies on the efficacy of digital media tools for the promotion of a healthy diet in school-aged children.
METHODS
According to PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted in the three main electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase e Scopus) until April 2022. We included all experimental studies assessing the effectiveness of digital media tools for nutritional health promotion in children from 5 to 12 years of age.
RESULTS
Four studies were included in our analysis, all carried out in school settings. Three of them investigated the use of a videogame, while one study involved watching a cartoon. Each intervention tested was effective in promoting a healthy diet in school-aged children in the short term, regardless of the type of intervention and age of the children involved. A statistically significant increase was observed post-intervention in all studies, both in knowledge of food groups and food frequencies, and in practices (i.e. the amount of fruit and vegetables servings consumed per meal), although the effect faded over time (when follow-up was available).
CONCLUSIONS
Digital media tools can be used to effectively implement health promotion interventions to improve knowledge and adherence to healthy diets in school-aged children. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of these interventions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Diet, Healthy; Internet; Databases, Factual; Food; Health Promotion
PubMed: 37695189
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14293