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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023According to existing laboratory data, ginsenoside Rg1 may help cure diabetes and its complications by reducing oxidative stress (OS) and managing inflammation....
According to existing laboratory data, ginsenoside Rg1 may help cure diabetes and its complications by reducing oxidative stress (OS) and managing inflammation. However, this conclusion lacks reliability and is unclear. As a result, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. We searched for relevant studies published through December 2022, including electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. The SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE RoB) tool was used to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the methodological quality of animal research. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.4 software, following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. This study is registered in the International Systems Review Prospective Registry (PROSPERO) as CRD42023386830. Eighteen eligible studies involving 401 animals were included. Ginsenoside Rg1 was significantly correlated with blood glucose (BG), insulin levels, body weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. In addition, according to subgroup analysis, the hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in type 2 diabetic animals were not affected by experimental species, modeling, experimental drug dosage, or course of treatment. This meta-analysis presents a summary of the hypoglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rg1, which are achieved through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. These findings provide evidence-based support for the medical efficacy of ginsenoside Rg1. Specifically, ginsenoside Rg1 reduced MDA levels and restored SOD activity to exert its antioxidant activity. It had a positive effect on the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α levels. However, the inclusion of studies with low methodological quality and the presence of publication bias may undermine the validity of the results. Further investigation with a more rigorous experimental design and comprehensive studies is necessary to fully understand the specific glycemic mechanisms of ginsenosides. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier https://CRD42023386830.
PubMed: 37745069
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1179705 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023This study aims to identify blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that are correlated to the functional improvement of stroke patients after rehabilitation therapy,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to identify blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that are correlated to the functional improvement of stroke patients after rehabilitation therapy, and provide ideas for the treatment and evaluation of stroke patients.
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for articles published in the English language, from inception to December 8, 2022.
RESULTS
A total of 9,810 independent records generated 50 high-quality randomized controlled trials on 119 biomarkers. Among these records, 37 articles were included for the meta-analysis (with a total of 2,567 stroke patients), and 101 peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were included for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis results revealed a moderate quality evidence that stroke rehabilitation significantly increased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum. Furthermore, the low-quality evidence revealed that stroke rehabilitation significantly increased the concentration of serum noradrenaline (NE), peripheral blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), peripheral blood albumin (ALB), peripheral blood hemoglobin (HB), and peripheral blood catalase (CAT), but significantly decreased the concentration of serum endothelin (ET) and glutamate. In addition, the changes in concentration of these biomarkers were associated with significant improvements in post-stroke function. The serum BNDF suggests that this can be used as a biomarker for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) therapy, and to predict the improvement of stroke patients.
CONCLUSION
The concentration of serum BNDF, NE, ET and glutamate, and peripheral blood SOD, ALB, HB and CAT may suggest the function improvement of stroke patients.
PubMed: 37731856
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1241521 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.
BACKGROUND
Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative stress caused by these treatments. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical and toxic chemical stressors in animal models. This study aims to systematically review the melatonin's protective effects against anti-cancer stressors on rodential testicular tissue.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An extensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for animal studies investigating exogenous melatonin's protective effects on rodent testicles exposed to anti-cancer chemicals and radiotherapeutic agents. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the pooled data. The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022355293).
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 38 studies from 43 studies that were eligible for the review. Rats and mice were exposed to radiotherapy (ionizing radiations such as gamma- and roentgen radiation and radioactive iodine) or chemotherapy (methotrexate, paclitaxel, busulfan, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, Taxol, procarbazine, docetaxel, and chlorambucil). According to our meta-analysis, all outcomes were significantly improved by melatonin therapy, including sperm quantity and quality (count, motility, viability, normal morphology, number of spermatogonia, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous tubular diameter, and seminiferous epithelial height), serum level of reproductive hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and testosterone), tissue markers of oxidative stress (testicular tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, caspase-3, and total antioxidant capacity), and weight-related characteristics (absolute body, epididymis, testis, and relative testis to body weights). Most SYRCLE domains exhibited a high risk of bias in the included studies. Also, significant heterogeneity and small-study effects were detected.
CONCLUSION
In male rodents, melatonin therapy was related to improved testicular histopathology, reproductive hormones, testis and body weights, and reduced levels of oxidative markers in testicular tissues of male rodents. Future meticulous studies are recommended to provide a robust scientific backbone for human applications.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355293, identifier CRD42022355293.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Rats; Mice; Melatonin; Antioxidants; Iodine Radioisotopes; Semen; Thyroid Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Body Weight
PubMed: 37701901
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184745 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent in the modern world, possibly reaching epidemic proportions. While multiple theories regarding the roles of sleep exist... (Review)
Review
Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent in the modern world, possibly reaching epidemic proportions. While multiple theories regarding the roles of sleep exist (inactivity, energy conservation, restoration, brain plasticity and antioxidant), multiple unknowns still remain regarding the proposed antioxidant roles of sleep. The existing experimental evidence is often contradicting, with studies pointing both toward and against the presence of oxidative stress after sleep deprivation. The main goals of this review were to analyze the existing experimental data regarding the relationship between sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, to attempt to further clarify multiple aspects surrounding this relationship and to identify current knowledge gaps. Systematic searches were conducted in three major online databases for experimental studies performed on rat models with oxidative stress measurements, published between 2015 and 2022. A total of 54 studies were included in the review. Most results seem to point to changes in oxidative stress parameters after sleep deprivation, further suggesting an antioxidant role of sleep. Alterations in these parameters were observed in both paradoxical and total sleep deprivation protocols and in multiple rat strains. Furthermore, the effects of sleep deprivation seem to extend beyond the central nervous system, affecting multiple other body sites in the periphery. Sleep recovery seems to be characterized by an increased variability, with the presence of both normalizations in some parameters and long-lasting changes after sleep deprivation. Surprisingly, most studies revealed the presence of a stress response following sleep deprivation. However, the origin and the impact of the stress response during sleep deprivation remain somewhat unclear. While a definitive exclusion of the influence of the sleep deprivation protocol on the stress response is not possible, the available data seem to suggest that the observed stress response may be determined by sleep deprivation itself as opposed to the experimental conditions. Due to this fact, the observed oxidative changes could be attributed directly to sleep deprivation.
PubMed: 37627596
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081600 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies...
Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies reject such effects. Therefore, in this umbrella meta-analysis, we performed a comprehensive systematic search in such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. Based on standardized mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.39; 95% CI: 0.77, -0.01, = 0.042) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -1.17; 95% CI: 1.55, -0.79, < 0.001), while it increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ES = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.81, < 0.001) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (ES = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.79, = 0.003). However, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant reducing effect on tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (ES = -0.70; 95% CI: 2.09, 0.68, = 0.320) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (ES = -0.85; 95% CI: 1.71, 0.01, = 0.053). Based on weighted mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation considerably decreased TNF-α (ES = -0.46, 95% CI: 0.65, -0.27; < 0.001), IL-6 (ES = -0.92, 95% CI: 1.40, -0.45; < 0.001), and CRP levels (effect sizes = -0.28, 95% CI: 0.47, -0.09; < 0.001). The results of our meta-analysis supported the alleviating effects of CoQ10 on markers of inflammation cautiously. However, CoQ10 had antioxidant effects regarding the improvement of all the studied antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323861, identifier CRD42022323861.
PubMed: 37614320
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191290 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Stevia ( Bertoni) is an aromatic plant known for its high sweetening power ascribed to its glycosides. Stevia also contains several bioactive compounds showing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Stevia ( Bertoni) is an aromatic plant known for its high sweetening power ascribed to its glycosides. Stevia also contains several bioactive compounds showing antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Since inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, stevia emerges as a promising natural product that could support human health. In this study we set out to investigate the way stevia affects oxidative stress markers (e.g., SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, MDA) in diseased rats administered stevia leaf extracts or glycosides. To this end, we performed an inclusive literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, and recruited multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression to synthesize all available data on experimental animal models encountering (a) healthy, (b) diseased, and (c) stevia-treated diseased rats. From the 184 articles initially retrieved, 24 satisfied the eligibility criteria, containing 104 studies. Our results demonstrate that regardless of the assay employed, stevia leaf extracts restored all oxidative stress markers to a higher extent compared to pure glycosides. Meta-regression analysis revealed that results from SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC assays are not statistically significantly different ( = 0.184) and can be combined in meta-analysis. Organic extracts from stevia leaves showed more robust antioxidant properties compared to aqueous or hydroalcoholic ones. The restoration of oxidative markers ranged from 65% to 85% and was exhibited in all tested tissues. Rats with diabetes mellitus were found to have the highest restorative response to stevia leaf extract administration. Our results suggest that stevia leaf extract can act protectively against various diseases through its antioxidant properties. However, which of each of the multitude of stevia compounds contribute to this effect, and to what extent, awaits further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Stevia; Plant Extracts; Glycosides; Superoxide Dismutase; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37571265
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153325 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase... (Review)
Review
Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress, Restores Na,K-ATPase Function and Induces Neuroprotection in Rodent Models of Seizure and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxidative stress participation. We conducted this study to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress, Na,K-ATPase activity, seizure factors, and mortality in rodent seizure/epilepsy models induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine (PILO), and kainic acid (KA). After screening 561 records in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, 22 were included in the systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 14 studies and showed that in epileptic animals there was an increase in the oxidizing agents nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SO). The Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced in all areas evaluated. Antioxidant therapy reversed all of these parameters altered by seizure or epilepsy induction. In addition, there was a percentage decrease in the number of seizures and mortality, and a meta-analysis showed a longer seizure latency in animals using antioxidant therapy. Thus, this study suggests that the use of antioxidants promotes neuroprotective effects and mitigates the effects of epilepsy. The protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022356960.
PubMed: 37507936
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071397 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF), and the control of disease progression and adverse...
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF), and the control of disease progression and adverse events during treatment needs to be improved. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Niaoduqing granules (NDQG) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NDQG for DKD from Chinese and English databases up to 31 August 2022 were included. The quality of the literature was assessed using the risk of bias tool of the Cochrane Handbook. At a 95% confidence interval (CI), relative risk (RR) and Cohen's d were used for the categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and Stata 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. A funnel plot and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. A total of 4,006 patients were included in 52 RCTs, including 1,987 cases in the control group and 2,019 cases in the treatment group. Compared with conventional treatment (CT), combined NDQG therapy is more effective in improving clinical efficiency [RR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (1.17, 1.29), < 0.001, = 53.17%], kidney function (urinary albumin excretion rate [SMD = -0.90, 95% CI (-1.14, -0.66), < 0.001, = 78.19%], 24hUTP levels [SMD = -0.81, 95% CI (-1.08, -0.55), < 0.001, = 87.08%], blood urea nitrogen [SMD = -0.54, 95% CI (-0.69, -0.39), < 0.01, = 77.01%], SCr [SMD = -0.68, 95% CI (-0.90, -0.45), < 0.001, = 89.97%], CCr [SMD = 0.76, 95% CI (0.10,1.42), = 0.02, = 95.97%], and Cys-C [SMD = -1.32, 95% CI (-2.25, -0.40), = 0.01, = 93.44%]), the level of glucose metabolism (fasting blood glucose [SMD = -0.18, 95% CI (-0.38, 0.03), = 0.10, = 71.18%] and HbA1c [SMD = -0.42, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.02), = 0.06, = 81.64%]), the level of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol [SMD = -0.70, 95% CI (-1.01, -0.39), < 0.001, = 86.74%] and triglyceride [SMD = -0.61, 95% CI (-0.87,-0.36), < 0.001, = 80.64%]), inflammatory factors (Hs-CRP [SMD = -1.00, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.46), < 0.001, = 86.81%], IL-18 [SMD = -1.25, 95% CI (-1.58, -0.92), < 0.001, = 0], and TNF-α [SMD = -1.28, 95% CI (-1.64, -0.91), < 0.001, = 75.73%]), and indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [SMD = -0.88, 95% CI (-1.22, -0.54), < 0.001, = 66.01%] and advanced oxidation protein products [SMD = -0.92, 95% CI (-1.85, 0.00), < 0.001, = 90.68%]). In terms of improving uric acid [SMD = -1.59, 95% CI (-3.45, 0.27), = 0.09, = 94.67%], 2hPG [SMD = -0.04, 95% CI (-0.61, 0.53), = 0.89, = 84.33%], HDL-C [SMD = 0.71, 95% CI (0.02, 1.40), = 0.04, = 87.43%], Hb [SMD = 0.11, 95% CI (-0.10, 0.32), = 0.32, = 0.00]), and superoxide dismutase [SMD = 1.32, 95% CI (0.44, 2.20), < 0.001, = 93.48%], the effect is not obvious. Adjuvant treatment with NDQG did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group [SMD = 0.98, 95% CI (0.71, 1.34), = 0.89, = 1.59%]. Obvious publication bias was detected by funnel plot and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis showed that adjuvant treatment with NDQG has more advantages than conventional treatment alone in the DKD treatment, which could improve clinical efficiency, kidney function, the level of glucose metabolism, the level of lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indicators. At the same time, it also showed that NDQG are relatively safe. However, more high-quality studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence for clinical use. : https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022373726, identifier CRD42022373726.
PubMed: 37475716
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1180751 -
Rheumatology International Sep 2023This systematic review is aimed to evaluate the effects of balneotherapy with thermal mineral water for managing the symptoms and signs of osteoarthritis located at any...
This systematic review is aimed to evaluate the effects of balneotherapy with thermal mineral water for managing the symptoms and signs of osteoarthritis located at any anatomical site. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, DOAJ and PEDro. We included clinical trials evaluating the effects of balneotherapy as a treatment for patients with osteoarthritis, published in English and Italian language, led on human subjects. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Overall, 17 studies have been included in the review. All of these studies were performed on adults or elderly patients suffering from osteoarthritis localized to knees, hips, hands or lumbar spine. The treatment assessed was always the balneotherapy with thermal mineral water. The outcomes evaluated were pain, palpation/pressure sensibility, articular tenderness, functional ability, quality of life, mobility, deambulation, ability to climb stairs, medical objective and patients' subjective evaluation, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, serum levels of interleukin-2 receptors. The results of all the included studies agree and demonstrated an improvement of all the symptoms and signs investigated. In particular, pain and quality of life were the main symptoms evaluated and both improved after the treatment with thermal water in all the studies included in the review. These effects can be attributed to physical and chemical-physical properties of thermal mineral water used. However, the quality of many studies resulted not so high due and, consequently, it is necessary to perform new clinical trial in this field using more correct methods for conducting the study and for processing statistical data.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Balneology; Osteoarthritis; Mineral Waters; Pain
PubMed: 37301799
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05358-7 -
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Dec 2023Mechanical ventilation, particularly one-lung ventilation (OLV), can cause pulmonary dysfunction. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mechanical ventilation, particularly one-lung ventilation (OLV), can cause pulmonary dysfunction. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine on the pulmonary function of patients receiving OLV.
METHODS
The Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry databases were systematically searched. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI). Other outcomes including the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed.
RESULTS
Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 845 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Dexmedetomidine improved the OI at 30 (mean difference [MD]: 40.49, 95% CI [10.21, 70.78]), 60 (MD: 60.86, 95% CI [35.81, 85.92]), and 90 min (MD: 55, 95% CI [34.89, 75.11]) after OLV and after surgery (MD: 28.98, 95% CI [17.94, 40.0]) and improved lung compliance 90 min after OLV (MD: 3.62, 95% CI [1.7, 5.53]). Additionally, dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% CI [0.24, 0.82]) and length of hospital stay (MD: -0.99, 95% CI [-1.25, -0.73]); decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and malondialdehyde levels; and increased superoxide dismutase levels. However, only the results for the OI and IL-6 levels were confirmed by the sensitivity and trial sequential analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Dexmedetomidine improves oxygenation in patients receiving OLV and may additionally decrease the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the length of hospital stay, which may be related to associated improvements in lung compliance, anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of oxidative stress reactions. However, robust evidence is required to confirm these conclusions.
Topics: Humans; One-Lung Ventilation; Dexmedetomidine; Lung; Blood Gas Analysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36924790
DOI: 10.4097/kja.22787