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BMC Pediatrics Mar 2024The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between Vitamin D and pediatric CD.
METHODS
We screened relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science published in English from January 1, 2000, to August 1, 2023. The included studies were assessed according to the STROBE checklist. Heterogeneity was quantified by Cochran's Q test and the I statistic. Publication bias was estimated by Begg's test and Egger's test. Meta-regression was used to detect potential sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Nineteen articles compared 25(OH)D3 levels between CD patients and control groups, average 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D or calcidiol], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D or calcitriol] levels, as the main forms of Vitamin D, there was a significant difference in CD patients and healthy controls (weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 5.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [- 10.86, - 0.69] nmol/L). Meanwhile, eleven articles reported the numbers of patients and controls with Vitamin D deficiency, there was a significant difference in the incidence of 25(OH)D deficiency between CD patients and healthy controls (odds ratio 2.20, 95% CI= [1.19, 4.08]). Nine articles reported changes in 25(OH)D levels before and after administering a GFD in patients with CD, the result of this study revealed the increase of 25(OH)D levels in CD patients after a gluten-free diet (GFD) (WMD = - 6.74, 95% CI = [- 9.78, - 3.70] nmol/L).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D levels in pediatric CD patients were lower than in healthy controls, and 25(OH)D deficiency was more prevalent in CD patients. We found that 25(OH)D levels were elevated in CD patients after GFD, which is consistent with previous research. Further well-designed, longitudinal, prospective cohort studies focusing on the role of Vitamin D in the pathogenesis of CD are therefore needed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prospective Studies; Celiac Disease; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcitriol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38491474
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04688-0 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection.
METHODS
We meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group. The primary outcomes were differences in vitamin D level and VDD prevalence between three groups, the secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV viral load, time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, morality, and TB score.
RESULTS
For vitamin D levels, the overall mean difference (MD) between HIV group and TB group was -0.21 (95% CI, -20.80-20.38; = 0.9, = 84%), HIV group and HIV-TB group was 0.87 (95% CI, -11.45-13.20; = 0.89, = 87%), and TB group and HIV-TB group was 1.17 (95% CI, -5.21-7.55; = 0.72, = 85%). For vitamin D deficiency prevalence, the overall odds ratio (OR) for HIV group versus TB group was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.46-3.31; = 0.68; = 70%), HIV group versus HIV-TB group was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.03-2.29; = 0.04; = 0%), and TB group versus HIV-TB group was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.61-1.20; = 0.36; = 22%). In HIV-TB group, the overall OR for vitamin D group versus placebo group was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34-1.67; = 0.52; = 60%).
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicated that there were no variations in vitamin D levels between three groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group. Additionally, the administration of vitamin D supplements did not have obvious impact on CD4 count and viral load. Likewise, vitamin D had no effect on time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, 12-month morality, and TB score.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Infections; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Recurrence
PubMed: 38439754
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1344024 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Nov 2023Dysmenorrhea, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents, significantly impairs quality of life, disrupts sleep patterns, and induces mood changes. Furthermore, its... (Review)
Review
Dysmenorrhea, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents, significantly impairs quality of life, disrupts sleep patterns, and induces mood changes. Furthermore, its economic impact is substantial, accounting for an estimated $200 billion in the United States and $4.2 million in Japan annually. This review aimed to identify the effects of vitamin D and calcium on primary dysmenorrhea. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, focusing on studies published from 2010 to 2020. Keywords included 'primary dysmenorrhea', 'vitamin D', '25-OH vitamin D3', 'cholecalciferol', and 'calcium'. The quality assessment of the articles was done using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklists, and the risk bias was assessed using the Cochrane assessment tool. Abnormal low Vit. D levels increased the severity of primary dysmenorrhea through increased prostaglandins and decreased calcium absorption. Vitamin D and calcium supplements could reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and the need for analgesics. This systematic review found an inverse relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and low serum Vit. D and calcium.. Vitamin D and calcium supplements could reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and the need for analgesics.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Vitamin D; Calcium; Dysmenorrhea; Quality of Life; Vitamins; Calcifediol; Vitamin D Deficiency; Analgesics; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38406773
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0248 -
BMC Pediatrics Feb 2024Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were 'vitamin D', '25-hydroxyvitamin D', 'vitamin D deficiency', 'diarrhea', 'gastroenteritis', 'children', and 'pediatric'. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done.
RESULTS
Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.
Topics: Child; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Prevalence
PubMed: 38365626
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 -
Cureus Jan 2024Vitamin D deficiency is a globally recognized health concern, with particular prominence in specific geographies and demographics. Saudi Arabia, with its unique climatic... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is a globally recognized health concern, with particular prominence in specific geographies and demographics. Saudi Arabia, with its unique climatic conditions and cultural practices, has been under scrutiny regarding the prevalence of this deficiency, especially among children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia by compiling and analyzing various studies to offer a comprehensive view of the situation. The comprehensive web search encompassed a range of databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, to gather studies published between 2012 and 2023. An analysis was conducted on seven studies, totaling 2,429 participants, with each study focusing on various aspects, regions, and cohorts within Saudi Arabia. These studies employed different methodologies, ranging from cross-sectional surveys to randomized clinical trials. The review unveiled an alarming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the studied population. On average, around 81.1% of children and adolescents showcased inadequate vitamin D levels. Specific vulnerable groups, such as those with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or asthma, had pronounced deficiencies. Factors influencing these levels ranged from dietary habits, sun exposure, physical activity, and socioeconomic parameters. The compelling evidence from the studies underscores a consistent health issue among the pediatric population in Saudi Arabia that the overwhelming majority of Saudi children and adolescents lack adequate vitamin D. Addressing this widespread deficiency needs a multifaceted approach. Implementing policies that support vitamin D food fortification, encouraging routine screenings, and launching public awareness campaigns about safe sun exposure and diet can play a transformative role in this health crisis.
PubMed: 38344540
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52040 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitating middle to old-aged patients with neurological diseases including movement disorders...
INTRODUCTION
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitating middle to old-aged patients with neurological diseases including movement disorders (MDs). Despite the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many patients with MDs, data supporting supplementation's effectiveness and safety is sparse and conflicting, therefore, our explicit objective was to provide an all-encompassing review of the subject.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and other scientific databases was conducted up to November 1 2023. The searches included RCTs in all languages with human participants aged 35 and above and not meeting these requirements led to exclusion.
RESULTS
Four studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) and one on restless legs syndrome (RLS) including 369 MD patients, however, none in a rehabilitation context, were found. Although three of the four PD studies showed better outcomes, such as decreasing levodopa-induced dyskinesia or enhancing physical performance in some or all domains, the RLS study did not identify symptom improvement. The one serious adverse effect observed, cerebral infarction, aroused safety concerns, however its relationship to vitamin D consumption is questionable. Structurally the studies can be characterized by large variations in patient populations, in primary outcomes, and disease severity, but typically a relatively short duration of therapy in most cases. With other limitations such as the small number of studies, major trial design heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and a greatly variable Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) evaluation, only a qualitative synthesis was feasible.
DISCUSSION
Two main implications can be inferred from these results, which we interpret as cautiously promising but overall insufficient for firm recommendations. First, there is an urgent need for more research on the role of vitamin D in MDs in the middle- to older-aged population, particularly during rehabilitation. Second, given the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for those who are deficient, we recommend routine screening and supplementation for MD patients.
PubMed: 38343878
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1333217 -
Nutrients Jan 2024This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to assess whether malnutrition may increase the incidence of oral cancer. Following the PRISMA statement, the research was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to assess whether malnutrition may increase the incidence of oral cancer. Following the PRISMA statement, the research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE via OVID without any time restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed, and the quality of evidence for each performed meta-analysis was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria and seven studies underwent quantitative evaluation. For our meta-analysis on hypovitaminosis B, three studies with a total of 90,011 patients were included. An odds ratio of 2.22 was found. Our meta-analysis on the correlation between vitamin C and oral cancer included one study with a total of 866 patients and the derived odds ratio was 1.06. Our meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of oral cancer included three studies with a total of 12,087 patients and the odds ratio was -2.58. The GRADE system showed a moderate strength of evidence due to the presence of studies with a high risk of bias and high indirectness of the data given. The present findings suggest that an inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly vitamin D, poses a risk for the onset of oral cancer.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Malnutrition; Risk Factors; Vitamins; Vitamin D
PubMed: 38337645
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030360 -
Journal of Research in Health Sciences Dec 2023According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still contradictory results. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVDs considering cohort studies and clinical trials. A systematic review.
METHODS
MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed by two reviewers independently until 2022. The study effect is risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to Mantel Haenszel's random-effects model. Then, Stata version 14 was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
In clinical trial studies, the incidence of CVDs among the vitamin D-consuming group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.03; =0.77; I =0%). CVD mortality was also not significantly different between the two groups (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.05; =0.72; I=0%). In cohort studies, circulating 25 (OH) D increased the risk of CVD incidence by 31% (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.45) and CVD mortality by 37% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61).
CONCLUSION
According to current evidence from clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation should not be recommended for CVD prevention. However, there is a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of CVDs as well as its mortality. According to the results of clinical trial studies carrying higher levels of scientific evidence, it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation does not exert a significant effect on the incidence, mortality, and reduction of CVDs.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38315909
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.129 -
European Journal of Nutrition Apr 2024The objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold and risk of rickets in young children: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D.
PURPOSE
The objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children. This work was commissioned by the WHO and FAO within the framework of the update of the vitamin D requirements for children 0-3 years old.
METHODS
A systematic search of Embase was conducted to identify studies involving children below 4 years of age with serum 25OHD levels and radiologically confirmed rickets, without any restriction related to the geographical location or language. Study-level and individual participant data (IPD)-level random effects multi-level meta-analyses were conducted. The odds, sensitivity and specificity for rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds were calculated for all children as well as for children with adequate calcium intakes only.
RESULTS
A total of 120 studies with 5412 participants were included. At the study-level, children with rickets had a mean serum 25OHD of 23 nmol/L (95% CI 19-27). At the IPD level, children with rickets had a median and mean serum 25OHD of 23 and 29 nmol/L, respectively. More than half (55%) of the children with rickets had serum 25OHD below 25 nmol/L, 62% below 30 nmol/L, and 79% below 40 nmol/L. Analysis of odds, sensitivities and specificities for nutritional rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds suggested a minimal risk threshold of around 28 nmol/L for children with adequate calcium intakes and 40 nmol/L for children with low calcium intakes.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and IPD meta-analysis suggests that from a public health perspective and to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D, a minimum serum 25OHD threshold of around 28 nmol/L and above would represent a low risk of nutritional rickets for the majority of children with an adequate calcium intake.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Rickets; Vitamins; Calcifediol; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 38280944
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03299-2 -
National Journal of Maxillofacial... 2023Bone metabolism is a key factor for successful osseointegration, and low vitamin D levels may negatively impact the process of osseointegration after implant placement.... (Review)
Review
Bone metabolism is a key factor for successful osseointegration, and low vitamin D levels may negatively impact the process of osseointegration after implant placement. The study was aimed at evaluating the relation of vitamin D levels with dental implant osseointegration and subsequently the success or failure of the implant. The focused questions were-What is the effect of vitamin D levels on successful dental implant osseointegration and what is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on successful implant osseointegration? A search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms "vitamin D," "cholecalciferol," "1,25(OH) D," "dental implant," "osseointegration," and "bone implant contact" for a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports were included. A total of ten studies were included after the screening process. Five of these studies evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on osseointegration, whereas five only evaluated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on dental implant osseointegration. Only five of these studies reported dental implant failure varying from 7% to 13% in vitamin D deficient/insufficient groups. Positive relationship exists between serum vitamin D levels and dental implant osseointegration; however, few studies failed to report any relation. More prospective clinical research studies as well as randomized controlled trials are needed to show a significant correlation between decreased serum levels of vitamin D and increased risk of dental implant failure in perspective of vitamin D supplementation which can promote the osseointegration of dental implants.
PubMed: 38273924
DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_192_22