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International Ophthalmology Aug 2023To report the normative ocular and periocular anthropometric measurements in an Australian cohort and investigate how these may be affected age, gender, and ethnicity.
PURPOSE
To report the normative ocular and periocular anthropometric measurements in an Australian cohort and investigate how these may be affected age, gender, and ethnicity.
METHODS
Prospective study of patients presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Patient with orbital or eyelid disease, previous surgery, craniofacial abnormalities, pupil abnormalities, strabismus, and poor image quality was excluded. Standardised photographs were taken in a well-illuminated room. A green dot with a diameter of 24 mm was placed on the participant's foreheads for calibration between pixels and millimetres. Ocular and periocular landmarks were segmented to calculate the periorbital measurements. Independent sample t test was used to compare male and female subjects, Pearson's correlation was used to correlate periocular dimensions with age, and ANOVA with Bonferroni was used to compare periocular dimension between ethnic groups.
RESULTS
Seven hundred and sixty eyes from 380 participants (215 female, mean age 58 ± 18 years) were included. The mean marginal reflex distance (MRD) 1 was 3.5 mm and decreased with increasing age (r = - 0.09, p = 0.01) and MRD 2 was 5.2 mm. Compared to Caucasians, African subjects had a significantly larger interpupillary distance and outer intercanthal distance, whereas East Asians had a significantly larger inner intercanthal distance (p < 0.05). The values of marginal reflex distance 2, palpebral fissure height, horizontal palpebral aperture, inner intercanthal distance, interpupillary distance and outer intercanthal distance were significantly higher in male subjects than female subjects (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Normative periocular dimensions may vary according to age, gender, and ethnicity. An understanding of normal periocular dimensions is important in the evaluation of orbital disease across different ethnic groups and may serve as reference points for oculoplastic surgery and industry.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Prospective Studies; Anthropometry; Australia; Eyelids; Face
PubMed: 36869978
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02669-3 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Aug 2023The objective of this study is to summarize the clinical characteristics and management of rare diseases of colorectal vascular malformation (CRVM) in children.
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study is to summarize the clinical characteristics and management of rare diseases of colorectal vascular malformation (CRVM) in children.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CRVM patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 2004 to 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 23 cases (16 males, 7 females) were enrolled. The median age of symptom onset was 1.4 years. Hematochezia and anemia were cardinal symptoms. Fourteen patients (60.9%) were misdiagnosed as anal fissures ( = 4), internal hemorrhoids ( = 3), rectal polyps ( = 2), inflammatory bowel disease ( = 2), portal hypertension ( = 2), and Meckel's diverticulum ( = 1), respectively. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 4.5 ± 4.4 years. Other vascular malformations were detected in eight patients (34.8%). All patients showed a positive anomalous vascular image on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sensitivity of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of CRVM was 82.6% (19/23). A total of 21 patients underwent a modified Soave procedure. The lesions were mostly restricted to the colorectum and showed transmural diffuse distribution, with an average length of 20 ± 5.4 cm. Two patients (9.5%) experienced surgical complications. Bloody stools reappeared in two patients (9.5%), and colonoscopy showed abnormal angiogenesis at the anastomotic site, which were cured by sclerotherapy and/or electrocautery. The median follow-up time was 78 months. Bloody stools were absent at the last time of follow-up, and hemoglobin was in the normal range for all patients.
CONCLUSION
The identification of CRVM in children often is delayed. Colonoscopy, CT, and MRI are essential in making the correct diagnosis. The modified Soave procedure is safe and feasible to treat CRVM in children. Endoscopic sclerotherapy and/or electrocautery can be used for residual lesions.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Colonoscopy; Vascular Malformations; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35963243
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751222