-
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Jan 2024Disease control priority (DCP) is an important public health intervention strategy. Diseases that should be prioritized for prevention and control are first screened...
Disease control priority (DCP) is an important public health intervention strategy. Diseases that should be prioritized for prevention and control are first screened with a series of criteria, including the severity of the disease burden, the effectiveness of disease control technologies, the prevention and control capacity of the existing health system, etc. Then, the prevention and control technologies for these diseases undergo qualitative evaluation (eg, face-to-face interviews, expert consultation, workshops, etc) and quantitative evaluation (eg, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis, etc). Finally, the public health initiatives that should be prioritized are identified. From the conception of the idea, to the formal proposition of the concept, to guidance for practice, DCP has gone through more than 70 years of development. Through DCP, significant contributions has been made to improving the efficiency of health care service systems and promoting the health of populations in developing countries. Herein, we systematically reviewed the background, development history, realization method, and practical applications of DCP, focusing on exploring the application potential of DCP in health governance and providing technical support and decision-making reference for the comprehensive promotion of the Healthy China Initiative.
Topics: China; Health Priorities; Health Status; Public Health; Communicable Disease Control
PubMed: 38322541
DOI: 10.12182/20240160603 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2024To explore the short-term outcomes of 3D-printing stand-alone artificial vertebral body (AVB) in the surgical procedure of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the short-term outcomes of 3D-printing stand-alone artificial vertebral body (AVB) in the surgical procedure of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).
METHODS
Following the proposal of IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, and long-term follow-up) framework, we designed and conducted this single-armed, retrospective cohort study. The patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were recruited, and these patients exclusively received the surgical procedure of single-level ACCF in our single center. After the process of corpectomy, the size was tailored using different trials and the most suitable stand-alone AVB was then implanted. This AVB was manufactured by the fashion of 3D-printing. Two pairs of screws were inserted in an inclined way into the adjacent vertebral bodies, to stabilize the AVB. The participants were regularly followed-up after the operation. Their clinical data were thoroughly reviewed. We assessed the neurological status according to Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale. We determined the fusion based on imaging examination six months after the operation. The recorded clinical data were analyzed using specific software and they presented in suitable styles. Paired test was employed in comparison analysis.
RESULTS
In total, there were eleven patients being recruited eventually. The patients were all followed up over six months after the operation. The mean age of the cohort was (57.2±10.2) years. The mean operation time was (76.1±23.1) min and the median bleeding volume was 150 (100, 200) mL. The postoperative course was uneventful for all the cases. Dysphagia, emergent hematoma, and deterioration of neurological function did not occur. Mean JOA scores were 13.2±2.2 before the operation and 16.3±0.8 at the final follow-up, which were significantly different ( < 0.001). The mean recovery rate of neurological function was 85.9%. By comparing the imaging examinations postoperatively and six months after the operation, we found that the average subsidence length was (1.2±1.1) mm, and that there was only one cases (9.1%) of the severe subsidence (>3 mm). We observed significant improvement of cervical lordosis after the operation (=0.013). All the cases obtained solid fusion.
CONCLUSION
3D-printing stand-alone AVB presented favorable short-term outcome in one-level ACCF in this study. The fusion rate of this zero-profile prosthesis was satisfactory and the complication rate was relatively low.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Vertebral Body; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Spondylosis; Spinal Cord Diseases; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Cervical Vertebrae; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 38318912
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.01.025 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023A central question in infant spatial cognition concerns infants form abstract categories of spatial relations such as support () and containment (). Prior work suggests...
INTRODUCTION
A central question in infant spatial cognition concerns infants form abstract categories of spatial relations such as support () and containment (). Prior work suggests two different possibilities regarding the role of attention to objects in infants' formation of abstract categories of spatial relations: Attention to objects may compete with (and thus hamper) attention to the spatial relations between them, or assist with encoding of the spatial relation information. Using eye-tracking, we examined how infants' visual attention to objects related to their successful formation of an abstract category of support relations (i.e., an object another).
METHODS
Thirty-eight 8-month-old infants' eye movements were recorded during a support categorization task, where infants were habituated to four dynamic events depicting support relations (e.g., resting a block on a box) and then presented with test events that depicted either a support or containment relation with objects that they had seen or not seen in the habituation phase. Based on their looking time to the familiar versus novel spatial relation in the test, infants were classified into two groups: categorizers, who formed an abstract category of a support relation, and non-categorizers, who did not do so.
RESULTS
During their initial phase of learning (i.e., the first habituation trial), categorizers paid greater attention to the object moved by a hand (i.e., the dynamic object) in comparison to non-categorizers, whereas their attention to the static object or their gaze shifts between the two objects did not differ. In addition, when presented with novel objects in a novel spatial relation after habituation, only categorizers displayed asymmetric attention between the objects, attending to the dynamic object more than the static object. Gaze shifts and attention to the concave area (i.e., hole) of the container did not differ between categorizers and non-categorizers.
DISCUSSION
These findings suggest that infants' focused attention to an object in motion may play a key role in young infants' spatial category learning, and support the idea that attention to objects can assist with encoding of the spatial relational information.
PubMed: 38303777
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1261201 -
Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi = Chinese... Jan 2024With the rise of multicolor flow cytometry, flow cytometry has become an important means to detect the immune microenvironment of lung cancer, but most of them are used...
BACKGROUND
With the rise of multicolor flow cytometry, flow cytometry has become an important means to detect the immune microenvironment of lung cancer, but most of them are used to detect the proportion of cell subsets or the function of major cell subsets, and they cannot be detected at the same time. Therefore, a reliable 21-color flow cytometry protocol was established to detect the immune cell subsets in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues.
METHODS
Cell membrane surface antibodies cluster of differentiation (CD)45, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), CD39, CD103, CD25, CD127, chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8), CD56, CD11c, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD38, CD27, CD69, CD62L, CD45RA, CCR7 and nucleic acid dye L/D were used to develop the protocol. Firstly, antibody titration experiments, voltage optimization, subtraction of one color staining and single color staining experiments were carried out for each antibody, and after the experimental conditions and detection schemes were determined, the feasibility of the scheme was verified by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) specimens of six healthy adult volunteers. Tumor tissue samples from 6 NSCLC patients were tested and analyzed.
RESULTS
The established 21-color flow cytometry protocol was used to detect the tumor tissue samples of 6 NSCLC patients, and the proportion of each cell subset in lung cancer tissue, as well as the immunophenotype and differentiation of the main cell population, were analyzed.
CONCLUSIONS
The successfully established 21-color flow cytometry protocol is suitable for the detection of PBMCs and NSCLC tissue samples, which provides an effective new idea for monitoring the immune microenvironment status in lung cancer.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Flow Cytometry; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lung; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38296626
DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.02 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024: Interest in 3D printing for orthopedic surgery has been increasing since its progressive adoption in most of the hospitals around the world. The aim of the study is to... (Review)
Review
: Interest in 3D printing for orthopedic surgery has been increasing since its progressive adoption in most of the hospitals around the world. The aim of the study is to describe all the current applications of 3D printing in patients undergoing hip surgery of any type at the present time. : We conducted a systematic narrative review of publications indexed in MedLine through the search engine PubMed, with the following parameters: 3D printing AND (orthopedics OR traumatology) NOT tissue engineering NOT scaffold NOT in vitro and deadline 31 July 2023. After reading the abstracts of the articles, papers were selected according to the following criteria: full text in English or Spanish and content related to hip surgery. Those publications involving experimental studies (in vitro or with anatomical specimens) or 3D printing outside of hospital facilities as well as 3D-printed commercial implants were excluded. Results are presented as a reference guide classified by disease, including the used software and the steps required for the development of the idea. : We found a total of 27 indications for in-house 3D printing for hip surgery, which are described in the article. : There are many surgical applications of 3D printing in hip surgery, most of them based on CT images. Most of the publications lack evidence, and further randomized studies should be encouraged to assess the advantages of these indications.
PubMed: 38276105
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020599 -
Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband Der... Apr 2024The excellent project "LandArztMacher" is an attempt to work against the predicted shortage of rural doctors in Germany with diverse approaches.
BACKGROUND
The excellent project "LandArztMacher" is an attempt to work against the predicted shortage of rural doctors in Germany with diverse approaches.
METHOD
"LandArztMacher" is a clinical traineeship with four weeks of practical training in general practices and clinics in the Bavarian countryside, accompanied by joint professional teaching. Participants were asked before and after the internship about the topics "importance of an internship in rural areas"; "attractiveness of rural areas" (scale: 0/no agreement to 10/full agreement). Ideas about the tasks of a general practitioner were assessed (scale: 0/no idea at all to 100/exact idea). The present study is a repeated cross-sectional study. The median is reported as the location measure and the interquartile range as the dispersion measure.
RESULTS
Participants (n=363, 74% female, n=267, age: range 19-46 years, mean: 23.2 years, SD: 2.41 years) from the clinical section of the medical studies considered an internship in the rural area before and after the internship very important (median: 8 and 9, respectively) and could well imagine working in the countryside (median: 7 and 8, respectively). Their attitude towards the cultural offerings or the infrastructure did not change (median: 6 in each case). After the internship, the students had a more precise idea of what a general practitioner tasks are (median: 65 and 90, respectively).
SUMMARY
A well-structured four-week rural internship can enhance the appeal of future rural employment through individual supervision and collaborative training.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Rural Health Services; Attitude of Health Personnel; Career Choice; Professional Practice Location; Germany; General Practitioners
PubMed: 38224695
DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-1684 -
Journal of Cognition 2024The strongest formulations of grounded cognition assume that perceptual intuitions about concepts involve the re-activation of sensorimotor experience we have made with...
The strongest formulations of grounded cognition assume that perceptual intuitions about concepts involve the re-activation of sensorimotor experience we have made with their referents in the world. Within this framework, concreteness and imageability ratings are indeed of crucial importance by operationalising the amount of perceptual interaction we have made with objects. Here we tested such an assumption by asking whether visual intuitions about concepts are provided accurately even when direct visual experience is absent. To this aim, we considered concreteness and imageability intuitions in blind people and tested whether these judgments are predicted by Image-based Frequency (IF, i.e. a data-driven estimate approximating the availability of the word referent in the visual environment). Results indicated that IF predicts perceptual intuitions with a larger extent in sighted compared to blind individuals, thus suggesting a role of direct experience in shaping our judgements. However, the effect of IF was significant not only in sighted but also in blind individuals. This indicates that having direct visual experience with objects does not play a critical role in making them concrete and imageable in a person's intuitions: people do not need visual experience to develop intuition about the availability of things in the external visual environment and use this intuition to inform concreteness/imageability judgments. Our findings fit closely the idea that perceptual judgments are the outcome of introspection/abstraction tasks invoking high-level conceptual knowledge that is not necessarily acquired via direct perceptual experience.
PubMed: 38223227
DOI: 10.5334/joc.328 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Innovation in healthcare and biomedicine is in decline, yet there exist no widely-known alternatives to traditional brainstorming that can be employed for innovative...
Innovation in healthcare and biomedicine is in decline, yet there exist no widely-known alternatives to traditional brainstorming that can be employed for innovative idea generation. McCaffrey's Innovation Enhancing Techniques (IETs) were developed to enhance creative problem-solving by helping the solver to overcome common psychological obstacles to generating innovative ideas. These techniques were devised for engineering and design problems, which involve solving practical goals using physical materials. Healthcare and science problems however often involve solving abstract goals using intangible resources. Here we adapt two of McCaffrey's IETs, BrainSwarming and the Generic Parts Technique, to effectively enhance idea generation for such problems. To demonstrate their potential, we apply these techniques to a case study involving the use of blockchain technologies to facilitate ethical goals in biomedicine, and successfully identify 100 potential solutions to this problem. Being simple to understand and easy to implement, these and other IETs have significant potential to improve innovation and idea generation in healthcare, scientific, and technological contexts. By catalysing idea generation in problem-solving, these techniques may be used to target the innovative stagnation currently facing the scientific world.
Topics: Blockchain; Health Facilities; Catalysis; Drugs, Generic; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 38200069
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50232-y -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024It is often thought that the primitive is simpler, and that the complex is generated from the simple by some process of self-assembly or self-organization, which...
It is often thought that the primitive is simpler, and that the complex is generated from the simple by some process of self-assembly or self-organization, which ultimately consists of the spontaneous and fortuitous collision of elementary units. This idea is included in the Darwinian theory of evolution, to which is added the competitive mechanism of natural selection. To test this view, we studied the early evolution of arthropods. Twelve groups of arthropods belonging to the Burgess Shale, Orsten Lagerstätte, and extant primitive groups were selected, their external morphology abstracted and codified in the language of network theory. The analysis of these networks through different network measures (network parameters, topological descriptors, complexity measures) was used to carry out a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), which allowed us to obtain an evolutionary tree with distinctive/novel features. The analysis of centrality measures revealed that these measures decreased throughout the evolutionary process, and led to the creation of the concept of evolutionary developmental potential. This potential, which measures the capacity of a morphological unit to generate changes in its surroundings, is concomitantly reduced throughout the evolutionary process, and demonstrates that the primitive is not simple but has a potential that unfolds during this process. This means for us the first empirical evolutionary evidence of our theory of evolution as a process of unfolding.
Topics: Animals; Arthropods; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 38177280
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51019-x -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023Due to the high complexity and subject variability of motor imagery electroencephalogram, its decoding is limited by the inadequate accuracy of traditional recognition...
Due to the high complexity and subject variability of motor imagery electroencephalogram, its decoding is limited by the inadequate accuracy of traditional recognition models. To resolve this problem, a recognition model for motor imagery electroencephalogram based on flicker noise spectrum (FNS) and weighted filter bank common spatial pattern ( FBCSP) was proposed. First, the FNS method was used to analyze the motor imagery electroencephalogram. Using the second derivative moment as structure function, the ensued precursor time series were generated by using a sliding window strategy, so that hidden dynamic information of transition phase could be captured. Then, based on the characteristic of signal frequency band, the feature of the transition phase precursor time series and reaction phase series were extracted by FBCSP, generating features representing relevant transition and reaction phase. To make the selected features adapt to subject variability and realize better generalization, algorithm of minimum redundancy maximum relevance was further used to select features. Finally, support vector machine as the classifier was used for the classification. In the motor imagery electroencephalogram recognition, the method proposed in this study yielded an average accuracy of 86.34%, which is higher than the comparison methods. Thus, our proposed method provides a new idea for decoding motor imagery electroencephalogram.
Topics: Brain-Computer Interfaces; Imagination; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Electroencephalography; Algorithms; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 38151935
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202302020