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Food Chemistry Aug 2024Sulfite addition is a common tool for ensuring wines' oxidative stability via the activity of its free and weakly bound molecular fraction. As a nucleophile, bisulfite... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Sulfite addition is a common tool for ensuring wines' oxidative stability via the activity of its free and weakly bound molecular fraction. As a nucleophile, bisulfite forms covalent adducts with wine's most relevant electrophiles, such as carbonyls, polyphenols, and thiols. The equilibrium in these reactions is often represented as dissociation rather than formation. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate, first, the acetaldehyde sulfonate dissociation, and second, the chemical stability of cysteine and epicatechin sulfonates under wine aging conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor by H NMR the binding specificity of known carbonyl-derived SO binders (acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid) in the presence of S-containing compounds (cysteine and glutathione). We report that during simulated wine aging, the sulfur dioxide that is rapidly bound to carbonyl compounds will be released and will bind to cysteine and glutathione, demonstrating the long-term sulfur dioxide binding potential of S-containing compounds. These results are meant to serve as a complement to existing literature reviews focused on molecular markers related to wines' oxidative stability and emphasize once more the importance of S-containing compounds in wine aging chemical mechanisms.
Topics: Wine; Kinetics; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfur Dioxide; Cysteine; Acetaldehyde; Sulfites; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Glutathione
PubMed: 38613993
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138944 -
International Journal of Stem Cells Apr 2024Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the second enzyme involved in the breakdown of acetaldehyde into acetic acid during the process of alcohol metabolism. Roughly...
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the second enzyme involved in the breakdown of acetaldehyde into acetic acid during the process of alcohol metabolism. Roughly 40% of East Asians carry one or two ALDH2*2 alleles, and the presence of genetic mutations in individuals may affect the bone remodeling cycle owing to accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of ALDH2 mutations on bone remodeling. In this study, we examined the effects of polymorphisms on osteogensis using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We differentiated wild-type (ALDH2*1/*1-) and ALDH2*1/*2-genotyped hiPSCs into osteoblasts (OBs) and confirmed their OB characteristics. Acetaldehyde was administered to confirm the impact caused by the mutation during OB differentiation. Calcium deposits formed during osteogenesis were significantly decreased in ALDH2*1/*2 OBs. The expression of osteogenic markers were also decreased in acetaldehyde-treated OBs differentiated from the ALDH2*1/*2 hiPSCs. Furthermore, the impact of polymorphism and acetaldehyde-induced stress on inflammatory factors such as 4-hydroxynonenal and tumor necrosis factor was confirmed. Our findings suggest that individuals with ALDH2 deficiency may face challenges in acetaldehyde breakdown, rendering them susceptible to disturbances in normal bone remodeling therefore, caution should be exercised regarding alcohol consumption. In this proof-of-concept study, we were able to suggest these findings as a result of a disease-in-a-dish concept using hiPSCs derived from individuals bearing a certain mutation. This study also shows the potential of patient-derived hiPSCs for disease modeling with a specific condition.
PubMed: 38604748
DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23151 -
Respiratory Research Apr 2024Environmental/occupational exposures cause significant lung diseases. Agricultural organic dust extracts (ODE) and bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce...
BACKGROUND
Environmental/occupational exposures cause significant lung diseases. Agricultural organic dust extracts (ODE) and bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce recruited, transitioning murine lung monocytes/macrophages, yet their cellular role remains unclear.
METHODS
CCR2 RFP mice were intratracheally instilled with high concentration ODE (25%), LPS (10 μg), or gram-positive peptidoglycan (PGN, 100 μg) for monocyte/macrophage cell-trafficking studies. CCR2 knockout (KO) mice and administration of intravenous clodronate liposomes strategies were employed to reduce circulating monocytes available for lung recruitment following LPS exposure. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and lung extracellular matrix mediators were quantitated by ELISA. Infiltrating lung cells including monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Lung histopathology, collagen content, vimentin, and post-translational protein citrullination and malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) modification were quantitated. Parametric statistical tests (one-way ANOVA, Tukey'smultiple comparison) and nonparametric statistical (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's multiple comparison) tests were used following Shapiro-Wilk testing for normality.
RESULTS
Intratracheal instillation of ODE, LPS, or PGN robustly induced the recruitment of inflammatory CCR2 CD11cCD11b monocytes/macrophages and both CCR2 and CCR2 CD11cCD11b monocytes at 48 h. There were also increases in CCR2 CD4 and CD8 T cells and NK cells. Despite reductions in LPS-induced lung infiltrating CD11cCD11b cells (54% reduction), CCR2 knockout (KO) mice were not protected against LPS-induced inflammatory and pro-fibrotic consequences. Instead, compensatory increases in lung neutrophils and CCL2 and CCL7 release occurred. In contrast, the depletion of circulating monocytes through the administration of intravenous clodronate (vs. vehicle) liposomes 24 h prior to LPS exposure reduced LPS-induced infiltrating CD11cCD11b monocyte-macrophage subpopulation by 59% without compensatory changes in other cell populations. Clodronate liposome pre-treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced IL-6 (66% reduction), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 (36%), MMP-8 (57%), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (61%), fibronectin (38%), collagen content (22%), and vimentin (40%). LPS-induced lung protein citrullination and MAA modification, post-translational modifications implicated in lung disease, were reduced (39% and 48%) with clodronate vs. vehicle liposome.
CONCLUSION
Highly concentrated environmental/occupational exposures induced the recruitment of CCR2 and CCR2 transitioning monocyte-macrophage and monocyte subpopulations and targeting peripheral monocytes may reduce the adverse lung consequences resulting from exposures to LPS-enriched inhalants.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Monocytes; Liposomes; Vimentin; Lipopolysaccharides; Clodronic Acid; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Lung; Macrophages; Lung Diseases; Environmental Exposure; Collagen; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38594676
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02804-3 -
PloS One 2024Almost 380,000 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all types of oral cancers. Emerging...
Almost 380,000 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all types of oral cancers. Emerging studies have shown association of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels and tissue localization of TRL1 to TRL10 and NF-κB between OSCC and healthy oral mucosa, as well as effect of Candida colonization in TRL expression in OSCC. Full thickness biopsies and microbial samples from 30 newly diagnosed primary OSCC patients and 26 health controls were collected. The expression of TLR1 to TLR10 and NF-κB was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Microbial samples were collected from oral mucosa to detect Candida. OSCC epithelium showed lower staining intensity of TRL1, TRL2 TRL5, and TRL8 as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, staining intensity of TRL3, TRL4, TRL7, and TRL8 were significantly decreased in basement membrane (BM) zone. Likewise, OSCC endothelium showed lower staining intensity of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8. Expression of NF-κB was significantly stronger in normal healthy tissue compared to OSCC sample. Positive correlation was found between the expression of NF-κB, TRL9 and TRL10 in basal layer of the infiltrative zone OSCC samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.002, respectively). Significant increase in TRL4 was seen in BM zone of sample colonized with Candida (P = 0.01). According to the limited number of samples, our data indicates downregulation of TLRs and NF-κB in OSCC, and upregulation of TLR4 expression with presence of Candida.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Mouth Neoplasms; NF-kappa B; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 38593176
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300437 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) had reported as a prominent role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases among Asians. Our study aims to investigate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) had reported as a prominent role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases among Asians. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population.
METHOD
We searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase updated to Oct 30, 2023. We extracted data of BMI, Hypertension, SBP, DBP, T2DM, FBG, PPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C.
RESULT
In total, 46 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis, containing, 54068 GG and, 36820 GA/AA participants. All outcomes related to blood pressure revealed significant results (hypertension OR=0.83 [0.80, 0.86]; SBP MD=-1.48 [-1.82, -1.14]; DBP MD=-1.09 [-1.58, -0.61]). FBG showed a significant difference (MD=-0.10 [-0.13, -0.07]), and the lipid resulted significantly in some outcomes (TG MD=-0.07 [-0.09, -0.04]; LDL-C MD=-0.04 [-0.05, -0.02]). As for subgroups analysis, we found that in populations without severe cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs), GG demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of T2DM (T2DM OR=0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), while the trend was totally opposite in population with severe CCVDs (T2DM OR=1.29 [1.00, 1.66]) with significant subgroup differences.
CONCLUSION
Our updated meta-analysis demonstrated that ALDH2 rs671 GG populations had significantly higher levels of BMI, blood pressure, FBG, TG, LDL-C and higher risk of hypertension than GA/AA populations. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, we first report GG had a higher risk of T2DM in population without severe CCVDs, and GA/AA had a higher risk of T2DM in population with severe CCVDs. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023389242.
Topics: Humans; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Asian People; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Hypertension
PubMed: 38567307
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1333595 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The lactic acid bacteria and are commonly used as starter cultures in dairy product production. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of fermented milk...
The lactic acid bacteria and are commonly used as starter cultures in dairy product production. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of fermented milk using different ratios of these strains and analyze the changes in volatile compounds during fermentation and storage. A 10:1 ratio of CICC 6063 to CICC 6064 showed optimal fermentation time (4.2 h), viable cell count (9.64 log10 colony-forming units/mL), and sensory evaluation score (79.1 points). In total, 56 volatile compounds were identified and quantified by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), including aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, and others. Among these, according to VIP analysis, 2,3-butanedione, acetoin, 2,3-pentanedione, hexanoic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and butanoic acid were identified as discriminatory volatile metabolites for distinguishing between different time points. Throughout the fermentation and storage process, the levels of 2,3-pentanedione and acetoin exhibited synergistic dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical and molecular characteristics of milk fermented with and , providing a basis for improving the flavor and odor of dairy products during fermentation and storage.
Topics: Animals; Milk; Lactobacillus helveticus; Streptococcus thermophilus; Fermentation; Acetoin; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Ketones; Pentanones
PubMed: 38542894
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061257 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of on fatty liver and hepatitis in chronic alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. The physiological compounds of...
This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of on fatty liver and hepatitis in chronic alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. The physiological compounds of a mixture of aqueous and 60% ethanol (2:8, /) extracts of (EA) were identified as kestose, raffinose, kaempferol and quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol di-glucoside by UPLC Q-TOF MS. The EA regulated the levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in serum. Also, EA ameliorated the levels of liver toxicity-related biomarkers such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total bilirubin in serum. EA improved the antioxidant system by reducing malondialdehyde contents and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and reduced glutathione content. EA improved the alcohol metabolizing enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Treatment with EA alleviated lipid accumulation-related protein expression by improving phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression levels. Especially, EA reduced inflammatory response by regulating the toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR-4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. EA showed an anti-apoptotic effect by regulating the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2), BCl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and caspase 3. Treatment with EA also ameliorated liver fibrosis via inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta 1/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad) pathway and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Therefore, these results suggest that EA might be a potential prophylactic agent for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Kaempferols; Liver; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Ethanol; Fatty Liver; Inflammation; Cholesterol; Glucosides; Biomarkers; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38542468
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063496 -
Toxics Mar 2024Persulfate-based advanced oxidation process has been proven to be a promising method for the toxic pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPY) degradation in wastewater treatment....
Persulfate-based advanced oxidation process has been proven to be a promising method for the toxic pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPY) degradation in wastewater treatment. However, due to the limitation for the short-lived intermediates detection, a comprehensive understanding for the degradation pathway remains unclear. To address this issue, density functional theory was used to analyze the degradation mechanism of CPY at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level, and computational toxicology methods were employed to explore the toxicity of CPY and its degradation products. Results show that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and sulfate radicals (SO) initiate the degradation reactions by adding to the P=S bond and abstracting the H atom on the ethyl group, rather than undergoing α-elimination of the pyridine ring in the persulfate oxidation process. Moreover, the addition products were attracted and degraded by breaking the P-O bond, while the abstraction products were degraded through dealkylation reactions. The transformation products, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridynol, O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate, chlorpyrifos oxon, and acetaldehyde, obtained through theoretical calculations have been detected in previous experimental studies. The reaction rate constants of CPY with ·OH and SO were 6.32 × 10 and 9.14 × 10 M·s at room temperature, respectively, which was consistent with the experimental values of 4.42 × 10 and 4.5 × 10 M s. Toxicity evaluation results indicated that the acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms gradually decreased during the degradation process. However, some products still possess toxic or highly toxic levels, which may pose risks to human health. These research findings contribute to understanding the transformation behavior and risk assessment of CPY in practical wastewater treatment.
PubMed: 38535940
DOI: 10.3390/toxics12030207 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024() is a global bacterial threat for a diversity of plants, including olive trees. However, current understanding of host responses upon -infection is limited to allow...
Transcriptome Analyses in Adult Olive Trees Indicate Acetaldehyde Release and Cyanide-Mediated Respiration Traits as Critical for Tolerance against and Suggest AOX Gene Family as Marker for Multiple-Resilience.
() is a global bacterial threat for a diversity of plants, including olive trees. However, current understanding of host responses upon -infection is limited to allow early disease prediction, diagnosis, and sustainable strategies for breeding on plant tolerance. Recently, we identified a jor omplex rait for arly e novo programming, named , by comparing early transcriptome data during plant cell survival with SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells. This trait linked ROS/RNS balancing during first hours of stress perception with increased aerobic fermentation connected to alpha-tubulin-based cell restructuration and control of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, our group had advanced concepts and strategies for breeding on plant holobionts. Here, we studied tolerance against -infection by applying a -related gene set to (1) progress proof-of-principles, (2) highlight the importance of individual host responses for knowledge gain, (3) benefit sustainable production of -threatened olive, (4) stimulate new thinking on principle roles of secondary metabolite synthesis and microbiota for system equilibration and, (5) advance functional marker development for resilience prediction including tolerance to -infections. We performed hypothesis-driven complex analyses in an transcriptome of primary target xylem tissues of naturally -infected olive trees of the -tolerant cv. Leccino and the -susceptible cv. Ogliarola. The results indicated that cyanide-mediated equilibration of oxygen-dependent respiration and carbon-stress alleviation by the help of increased glycolysis-driven aerobic fermentation paths and phenolic metabolism associate to tolerance against . Furthermore, enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript levels through transcription linked to quinic acid synthesis appeared as promising trait for functional marker development. Moreover, the results support the idea that fungal endophytes strengthen -susceptible genotypes, which lack efficient AOX functionality. Overall, this proof-of-principles approach supports the idea that efficient regulation of the multi-functional AOX gene family can assist selection on multiple-resilience, which integrates -tolerance, and stimulates future validation across diverse systems.
PubMed: 38535570
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030227 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024The direct conversion of low alkane such as ethane into high-value-added chemicals has remained a great challenge since the development of natural gas utilization....
The direct conversion of low alkane such as ethane into high-value-added chemicals has remained a great challenge since the development of natural gas utilization. Herein, we achieve an efficient one-step conversion of ethane to C oxygenates on a Rh/AC-SNI catalyst under a mild condition, which delivers a turnover frequency as high as 158.5 h. O isotope-GC-MS shows that the formation of ethanol and acetaldehyde follows two distinct pathways, where oxygen and water directly participate in the formation of ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. In situ formed intermediate species of oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, vinyl groups, and ethyl groups are captured by laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometer. Density functional theory calculation shows that the activation barrier of the rate-determining step for acetaldehyde formation is much lower than that of ethanol, leading to the higher selectivity of acetaldehyde in all the products.
PubMed: 38519506
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46884-7