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Food Chemistry: X Dec 2023"Ancient tea plants" are defined as tea trees > 100 years old, or with a trunk diameter > 25 cm; their leaves are manufactured to high - quality, valuable ancient...
"Ancient tea plants" are defined as tea trees > 100 years old, or with a trunk diameter > 25 cm; their leaves are manufactured to high - quality, valuable ancient plants pu-erh tea (APPT). In this study, a fermentation of APPT were developed, and outstanding sweetness of APPT infusion was observed. During fermentation, the content of soluble sugars, theabrownins ( < 0.05), as well as 41 metabolites were increased [Variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0; < 0.05 and Fold-change (FC) FC > 2]; While relative levels of 72 metabolites were decreased (VIP > 1.0, < 0.05 and FC < 0.5. , , , , , , and were identified as dominant genera, and their relative levels were correlated with contents of characteristic components ( < 0.05). Together, changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during APPT fermentation were investigated, and advanced the formation mechanism of its unique quality.
PubMed: 38144832
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101003 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Soil salinity is one of the major limiting factors in plant growth regulation. Salinity-tolerant endophytic bacteria (STEB) can be used to alleviate the negative effects...
Soil salinity is one of the major limiting factors in plant growth regulation. Salinity-tolerant endophytic bacteria (STEB) can be used to alleviate the negative effects of salinity and promote plant growth. In this study, thirteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from mungbean roots and tested for NaCl salt-tolerance up to 4%. Six bacterial isolates, TMB2, TMB3, TMB5, TMB6, TMB7 and TMB9, demonstrated the ability to tolerate salt. Plant growth-promoting properties such as phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, nitrogen fixation, zinc solubilization, biofilm formation and hydrolytic enzyme production were tested under saline conditions. Eight bacterial isolates indicated phosphate solubilization potential ranging from 5.8-17.7 μg mL, wherein TMB6 was found most efficient. Ten bacterial isolates exhibited IAA production ranging from 0.3-2.1 μg mL, where TMB7 indicated the highest potential. All the bacterial isolates except TMB13 exhibited nitrogenase activity. Three isolates, TMB6, TMB7 and TMB9, were able to solubilize zinc on tris-minimal media. All isolates were capable of forming biofilm except TMB12 and TMB13. Only TMB2, TMB6 and TMB7 exhibited cellulase activity, while TMB2 and TMB7 exhibited pectinase production. Based on testing, six efficient STEB were selected and subjected to the further studies. gene sequencing of efficient STEB revealed the maximum similarity between TMB2 and , TMB3 and , TMB5 and , TMB6 and , TMB7 and and TMB9 and . This is the first international report on the existence of , , and inside the roots of mungbean. Under controlled-conditions, inoculation of TMB6, TMB7 and TMB9 exhibited maximum potential to increase plant growth parameters; specifically plant dry weight was increased by up to 52%, 61% and 45%, respectively. Inoculation of TMB7 displayed the highest potential to increase plant proline, glycine betaine and total soluble proteins contents by 77%, 78% and 64%, respectively, compared to control under saline conditions. It is suggested that the efficient STEB could be used as biofertilizers for mungbean crop productivity under saline conditions after field-testing.
PubMed: 38111636
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149004 -
Plant Disease Dec 2023Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an important commercial crop that has been widely cultivated in China for more than 2500 years. One variety, Tongling white ginger, has...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an important commercial crop that has been widely cultivated in China for more than 2500 years. One variety, Tongling white ginger, has been grown in the Yi'an District of Tongling city, Anhui province (30°45 N, 117°43 E), China. In August 2022, symptoms of yellowing and wilting were observed on ginger plants, with a disease incidence rate exceeding 20% in the field. The stem base of the diseased plants became soft, brown and water-soaked. Additionally, the rhizomes displayed symptoms of browning and water-soaked rot, resembling those caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Enterobacter cloacae (Yu et al. 2003; Nishijima et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2021). Consequently, ginger bacterial wilt disease may potentially emerge from a combination of infections by diverse pathogenic bacteria. To identify novel pathogens causing the wilt disease, stem tissues of the diseased plants from different locations were sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10 min, followed by at least three time rinses with sterile water. The sterilized samples were then ground with 0.9% saline solution and left at room temperature for 30 min. A 20 μL aliquot of the suspension was serially diluted and cultured on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium at 28°C. A total of 217 isolates was picked and purified for taxonomic identification by 16S rRNA gene analyses with the primer 27F/1492R (Weisburg et al. 1991). Among these isolates, 23 single colony isolates were identified as A. xylosoxidans through NCBI BLASTn analyses. Furthermore, three single isolates from different locations were randomly selected for further experiments. The growing colonies appeared opaque white and round. Microscopic evaluation revealed that cells were rod-shaped with an average length of 1.95 µm and average width of 0.46 µm. The three isolates shared identical 16S rRNA sequences, displayed 99.72% identity with the sequence from A. xylosoxidans strain SeqID2 (GenBank accession NO. MH266081.1). The glutamate synthase (gltB), GTP-binding membrane protein (lepA), NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit L (nuoL), RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB), and the enolase (eno) genes of the three isolates were amplified by PCR using primer pairs gltB-F/gltB-R, lepA-F/lepA-R, nuoL-F/nuoL-R, rpoB-F/rpoB-R and eno-F/eno-R, respectively (Spilker et al. 2012; Vandamme et al. 2016). The gene sequences of 16S rRNA (OQ711945, OQ740153 and OR230037), gltB (OR242732, OQ737692 and OR262112), lepA (OR233727, OQ737693 and OR262113), nuoL (OR233726, OQ737694 and OR262114), ropB (OR233725, OQ737695 and OR262115) and eno (OR242733, OQ737696 and OR262116) for the isolates ZOR02, ZOR05 and ZOR12 were deposited in GenBank database. The gltB, lepA, nuoL, rpoB and eno sequences of the isolates ZOR02, ZOR05 and ZOR12 showed 98.66-99.16%, 98.9-100%, 96.28%-97.34%, 98.47-99.44% and 99.27-99.82% similarity to A. xylosoxidans strain AX27, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the 16S rRNA and gltB-lepA-nuoL-rpoB-eno multilocus using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrap replicates in MEGA11.0 software (Álvarez et al. 2018). For pathogenicity tests, bacterial suspensions were initially prepared in sterile water at a final concentration of 108 CFU mL-1. Subsequently, 10 μL of bacterial suspensions was injected into the stem base of two-month-old ginger plants, while sterile water was used as a control (Wang et al. 2022). These plants were then incubated at 28°C and 70% relative humidity. There were three replicates for each treatment, and each replicate contained five plants. After six days of inoculation, the ginger plants injected with bacterial suspensions alone exhibited severe wilting symptoms similar to those observed in the field. However, water-soaked symptoms were not observed on rhizome tissues from the pathogen-infected plants. Bacterial pathogens were re-isolated from the diseased plants and identified using the morphological and molecular methods to meet Koch's hypothetical tests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. xylosoxidans causing wilt disease of ginger in China. In 2022, the average yield loss due to wilt disease in the Yi'an District of Tongling exceeded 20%, posing a major threat to local ginger cultivation. Effective disease management strategies are needed to develop for the control and prevention of the disease.
PubMed: 38100672
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0891-PDN -
Case Reports in Dermatology 2023Green nail syndrome (GNS) is a persistent greenish pigmentation of the nail plate, originally described in 1944 by Goldman and Fox, due to infection. Recently,...
Green nail syndrome (GNS) is a persistent greenish pigmentation of the nail plate, originally described in 1944 by Goldman and Fox, due to infection. Recently, pulmonary co-infection of and spp. has been described in patients with cystic fibrosis. is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen involved in lung and soft tissue skin infections. Both and are mainly found in humid environments or in water. There are no recognized co-infections due to and in the skin and appendages. We describe two cases of GNS, the first due to associated with ; the other due to MDR , both successfully treated with topical ozenoxacin 1% cream daily for 12 weeks. The clinical management of GNS can be confusing, especially when the bacterial culture result is inconsistent or when non- bacteria are isolated. In our case, due to the co-infection of and spp., local treatment with ozenoxacin - the first nonfluorinated quinolone - could be a safe and effective treatment in case of MDR nail infections. Further studies are required to evaluate clinical isolation from nail infections and the co-presence of and .
PubMed: 38023344
DOI: 10.1159/000533923 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates obtained from in suppressing and and promoting...
This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates obtained from in suppressing and and promoting the growth of cucumber. Molecular identification of bacterial strains associated with confirmed that these strains belong to the , , , , , , , , , and genera. A dual culture assay showed that nine of the bacterial strains exhibited antifungal activity, four of which were effective against both pathogens. Strains B27 () and B28 () caused the highest percentage of inhibition towards (48.5% and 48.1%, respectively). growth was impeded by the B21 (, 44.7%) and B28 (, 51.1%) strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the strains caused abnormality in phytopathogens' mycelia. All of the selected bacterial strains showed good IAA production (>500 ppm). A paper towel experiment demonstrated that these strains improved the seed germination, root/shoot growth, and vigor index of cucumber seedlings. Our findings suggest that the bacterial strains from are suppressive to and and can promote cucumber growth. This appears to be the first study to report the efficacy of these bacterial strains from against and .
PubMed: 38003740
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111275 -
and activity of cefiderocol against spp. and complex, including carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 2023spp. and complex (Bcc) are rare but diverse opportunistic pathogens associated with serious infections, which are often multidrug resistant. This study compared the...
spp. and complex (Bcc) are rare but diverse opportunistic pathogens associated with serious infections, which are often multidrug resistant. This study compared the antibacterial activity of the siderophore antibiotic cefiderocol against spp. and Bcc isolates with that of other approved antibacterial drugs, including ceftazidime-avibactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam. Isolates were collected in the SIDERO multinational surveillance program. Among 334 spp. isolates [76.6% from respiratory tract infections (RTIs)], cefiderocol had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.06/0.5 µg/mL overall and 0.5/4 µg/mL against 52 (15.6%) carbapenem-non-susceptible (Carb-NS) isolates. Eleven (3.3%) spp. isolates overall and 6 (11.5%) Carb-NS isolates were not susceptible to cefiderocol. Among 425 Bcc isolates (73.4% from RTIs), cefiderocol had MIC of ≤0.03/0.5 µg/mL overall and ≤0.03/1 µg/mL against 184 (43.3%) Carb-NS isolates. Twenty-two (5.2%) Bcc isolates overall and 13 (7.1%) Carb-NS isolates were not susceptible to cefiderocol. Cumulative MIC distributions showed cefiderocol to be the most active of the agents tested against both spp. and Bcc. In a neutropenic murine lung infection model and a humanized pharmacokinetic immunocompetent rat lung infection model, cefiderocol showed significant bactericidal activity against two meropenem-resistant strains compared with untreated controls ( < 0.05) and vehicle-treated controls ( < 0.05), respectively. Meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin comparators showed no significant activity in these models. The results suggest that cefiderocol could be a possible treatment option for RTIs caused by spp. and Bcc.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Mice; Cefiderocol; Meropenem; Carbapenems; Cephalosporins; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Achromobacter; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Respiratory Tract Infections; Ciprofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37971240
DOI: 10.1128/aac.00346-23 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2023The biological mechanisms underlying meat quality remain unclear. Currently, many studies report that the gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for animal growth and...
The biological mechanisms underlying meat quality remain unclear. Currently, many studies report that the gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for animal growth and performance. However, it is uncertain which bacterial species are specifically associated with the meat quality traits. In this study, 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing were performed to explore the composition and function of microbes in various gastrointestinal segments of Tan sheep and Dorper sheep, as well as the relationship between microbiota and meat quality (specifically, the fatty acid content of the muscle). In the ruminal, duodenal, and colonic microbiome, several bacteria were uniquely identified in respective breeds, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacteroidales bacterium CF, and several members of the family Oscillospiraceae. The annotation of GO, KEGG, and CAZYme revealed that these different bacterial species were linked to the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Additionally, our findings suggested that 16 microbial species may be essential to the content of fatty acids in the muscle, especially C12:0 (lauric acid). 4 bacterial species, including Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Mageeibacillus indolicus, and Mycobacterium dioxanotrophicus, were positively correlated with C12:0, while 13 bacteria, including Methanobrevibacter millerae, Bacteroidales bacterium CF, and Bacteroides coprosuis were negatively correlated with C12:0. In a word, this study provides a basic data for better understanding the interaction between ruminant gastrointestinal microorganisms and the meat quality traits of hosts.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteria; Muscles; Fatty Acids; Bacteroidetes; Lauric Acids
PubMed: 37936065
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03079-2 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 2023Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting epithelial ion transport, resulting in thickened mucus and impaired mucociliary clearance. Persons with CF (pwCF)...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting epithelial ion transport, resulting in thickened mucus and impaired mucociliary clearance. Persons with CF (pwCF) experience life-long infections of the respiratory mucosa caused by a diverse array of opportunists, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been increased appreciation for the range and diversity of microbes causing CF-related respiratory infections. The introduction of new therapeutics and improved detection methodology has revealed CF-related opportunists such as (). is a Gram-negative bacterial species which is widely distributed in environmental sources and has been increasingly observed in sputa and other samples from pwCF, typically in patients in later stages of CF disease. In this study, we characterized CF clinical isolates of and tested colonization and persistence of in respiratory infection using immortalized human CF respiratory epithelial cells and BALB/c mice. Genomic analyses of clinical isolates showed homologs for factors including flagellar synthesis, antibiotic resistance, and toxin secretion systems. isolates adhered to polarized cultures of CFBE41o- human immortalized CF bronchial epithelial cells and caused significant cytotoxicity and depolarization of cell layers. colonized and persisted in mouse lungs for up to 72 h post infection, with inflammatory consequences that include increased neutrophil influx in the lung, lung damage, cytokine production, and mortality. We also identified genes that are differentially expressed in synthetic CF sputum media. Based on these results, we conclude that is an opportunistic pathogen of significance in CF.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Achromobacter denitrificans; Cystic Fibrosis; Sputum; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 37909751
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00416-23 -
Cureus Sep 2023An immunocompetent 82-year-old woman developed endocarditis caused by an atypical organism called Achromobacter xylosoxidans, after a first valvular surgery. The...
An immunocompetent 82-year-old woman developed endocarditis caused by an atypical organism called Achromobacter xylosoxidans, after a first valvular surgery. The intravenous antibiotic therapy with ceftazidime - 2 g every 8 hours during five weeks - a key part of the treatment, induced agranulocytosis as an adverse event. Cross-reactivity between antibiotics was suspected. Finally, the patient's cure was the result of a coordinated effort between medical and surgical professionals. Postoperative follow-up is six years.
PubMed: 37900458
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46045 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Transmembrane carriers of the Slc11 family catalyze proton (H)-dependent uptake of divalent metal ions (Me) such as manganese and iron-vital elements coveted during...
Transmembrane carriers of the Slc11 family catalyze proton (H)-dependent uptake of divalent metal ions (Me) such as manganese and iron-vital elements coveted during infection. The Slc11 mechanism of high-affinity Me cell import is selective and conserved between prokaryotic (MntH) and eukaryotic (Nramp) homologs, though processes coupling the use of the proton motive force to Me uptake evolved repeatedly. Adding bacterial piracy of genes spread in distinct environmental niches suggests selective gain of function that may benefit opportunistic pathogens. To better understand Slc11 evolution, Alphafold (AF2)/Colabfold (CF) 3D predictions for bacterial sequences from sister clades of eukaryotic descent (MCb and MCg) were compared using both native and mutant templates. AF2/CF model an array of native MCb intermediates spanning the transition from outwardly open (OO) to inwardly open (IO) carriers. In silico mutagenesis targeting (i) a set of (evolutionarily coupled) sites that may define Slc11 function (putative synapomorphy) and (ii) residues from networked communities evolving during MCb transition indicates that Slc11 synapomorphy primarily instructs a Me-selective conformation switch which unlocks carrier inner gate and contributes to Me binding site occlusion and outer gate locking. Inner gate opening apparently proceeds from interaction between transmembrane helix (h) h5, h8 and h1a. MCg1 xenologs revealed marked differences in carrier shape and plasticity, owing partly to an altered intramolecular H network. Yet, targeting Slc11 synapomorphy also converted MCg1 IO models to an OO state, apparently mobilizing the same residues to control gates. But MCg1 response to mutagenesis differed, with extensive divergence within this clade correlating with MCb-like modeling properties. Notably, MCg1 divergent epistasis marks the emergence of the genus -. Slc11 synapomorphy localizes to the 3D areas that deviate least among MCb and MCg1 models (either IO or OO) implying that it constitutes a 3D network of residues articulating a Me-selective carrier conformation switch which is maintained in fast-evolving clades at the cost of divergent epistatic interactions impacting carrier shape and dynamics.
Topics: Furylfuramide; Iron; Manganese; Biological Transport; Bacteria; Protons
PubMed: 37894758
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015076