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Journal of Physiological Investigation May 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of idiopathic intestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, significantly impacting the...
Cinnamaldehyde, A Bioactive Compound from the Leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh, Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of idiopathic intestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. The effective management of these conditions remains a persistent challenge. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a complex molecular structure, regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β. Abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the development of IBD, making it a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. Our research revealed that cinnamaldehyde (CA), a major bioactive compound found in the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh, demonstrated a remarkable ability to alleviate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model. This effect was attributed to CA's ability to downregulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the colon. In the mechanism study, we observed that CA inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, at least partially, by enhancing the autophagic response, without reducing mitochondrial damage. These findings collectively suggest that CA holds significant potential as a therapeutic agent for enhancing the management of IBD, offering a promising avenue for further research and development.
Topics: Animals; Dextran Sulfate; Acrolein; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Mice; Colitis; Cinnamomum; Inflammasomes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Plant Leaves; Male
PubMed: 38902958
DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.EJPI-D-24-00017 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024High concentrations of acrolein (2-propenal) are found in polluted air and cigarette smoke, and may also be generated endogenously. Acrolein is also associated with the...
High concentrations of acrolein (2-propenal) are found in polluted air and cigarette smoke, and may also be generated endogenously. Acrolein is also associated with the induction and progression of many diseases. The high reactivity of acrolein towards the thiol and amino groups of amino acids may cause damage to cell proteins. Acrolein may be responsible for the induction of oxidative stress in cells. We hypothesized that acrolein may contribute to the protein damage in erythrocytes, leading to the disruption of the structure of cell membranes. The lipid membrane fluidity, membrane cytoskeleton, and osmotic fragility were measured for erythrocytes incubated with acrolein for 24 h. The levels of thiol, amino, and carbonyl groups were determined in cell membrane and cytosol proteins. The level of non-enzymatic antioxidant potential (NEAC) and TBARS was also measured. The obtained research results showed that the exposure of erythrocytes to acrolein causes changes in the cell membrane and cytosol proteins. Acrolein stiffens the cell membrane of erythrocytes and increases their osmotic sensitivity. Moreover, it has been shown that erythrocytes treated with acrolein significantly reduce the non-enzymatic antioxidant potential of the cytosol compared to the control.
Topics: Acrolein; Cytosol; Erythrocytes; Humans; Erythrocyte Membrane; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Membrane Proteins; Cell Membrane; Membrane Fluidity; Osmotic Fragility
PubMed: 38893395
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112519 -
Polymers May 2024This study is focused on the detailed examination of the combustion properties and kinetic analysis of a cellulose acetate fibrous bundle (CAFB), separated from used...
This study is focused on the detailed examination of the combustion properties and kinetic analysis of a cellulose acetate fibrous bundle (CAFB), separated from used cigarette filters. It was shown that the faster rate of CAFB heating allows a large amount of heat to be supplied to a combustion system in the initial stages, where the increase in heating rate has a positive response to ignition behavior. The best combustion stability of CAFB is achieved at the lowest heating rate. Through the use of different kinetic methods, it was shown that combustion takes place through two series of consecutive reaction steps and one independent single-step reaction. By optimizing the kinetic parameters within the proposed reaction models, it was found that the steps related to the generation of levoglucosenone (LGO) (by catalytic dehydration of levoglucosan (LG)) and acrolein (by breakdown of glycerol during CAFB burning-which was carried out through glycerol adsorption on a TiO surface in a the developed dehydration mechanism) represent rate-controlling steps, which are strongly controlled by applied heating rate. Isothermal predictions have shown that CAFB manifests very good long-term stability at 60 °C (which corresponds to storage in a sea shipping container), while at 200 °C, it shows a sudden loss in thermal stability, which is related to the physical properties of the sample.
PubMed: 38891427
DOI: 10.3390/polym16111480 -
Toxicology Jun 2024Acrolein (ACR), an unsaturated, highly reactive aldehyde, is a widespread environmental toxin. ACR exerts permanent and irreversible side effects on ovarian functions....
Acrolein (ACR), an unsaturated, highly reactive aldehyde, is a widespread environmental toxin. ACR exerts permanent and irreversible side effects on ovarian functions. Granulosa cells play a crucial role in supporting ovarian function. Thus, in this study, we investigated the toxicity effects of granulosa cells induced by ACR. Following treatment with varying ACR concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100μM), we observed that ACR exposure induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder, and apoptosis in KGN cells (a human ovarian granulosa cell line) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis in KGN cells displayed biphasic changes after ACR exposure, with activation at a low ACR dose (12.5μM), but inhibition at higher ACR doses (≥50μM). SIRT1/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for maintaining intracellular mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular function. The inhibition/activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in KGN cells validated its role in ACR-induced damage. The results indicated that the inhibition of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway aggravated ACR-induced cell damage, whereas its activation partially counteracted ACR-induced cell damage. This study attempted to uncover a novel mechanism of ACR-induced ovarian toxicity so as to provide an effective treatment option for safeguarding female reproductive health from the adverse effects of ACR.
PubMed: 38866128
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153861 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the...
INTRODUCTION
An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the impact of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) on CVD remains unknown and needs further investigation.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed whether exposure to VOC was associated with CVD in the general population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing data from five survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolites (VOCs) and participants by multiple logistic regression models, further Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were performed for mixture exposure analysis.
RESULTS
Total VOCs were found to be positively linked with CVD in multivariable-adjusted models (p for trend = 0.025), independent of established CVD risk variables, such as hypertension, diabetes, drinking and smoking, and total cholesterol levels. Compared with the reference quartile of total VOCs levels, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios in increasing quartiles were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-1.31], 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21) and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36-1.64) for total CVD. Similar positive associations were found when considering individual VOCs, including AAMA, CEMA, CYMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, IPM3 and MHBMA3 (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, isoprene, and 1,3-butadiene). In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of a mixture is significantly related to VOCs when all chemicals reach or exceed the 75th percentile. Moreover, in the WQS models, the most influential VOCs were found to be CEMA (40.30%), DHBMA (21.00%), and AMCC (19.70%).
CONCLUSION
The results of our study indicated that VOC was all found to have a significant association with CVD when comparing results from different models. These findings hold significant potential for public health implications and offer valuable insights for future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Nutrition Surveys; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Environmental Exposure; Risk Factors; Air Pollutants; United States; Aged
PubMed: 38846604
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378444 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Aug 2024We present a new method for investigating the oxidation and emission behavior of air-permeable materials. Employing this method, a differentiated statement can be made...
We present a new method for investigating the oxidation and emission behavior of air-permeable materials. Employing this method, a differentiated statement can be made about the extent to which critical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are contained in the material as impurities or formed by thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymer matrix in the use phase. The parameters affecting methods of VOC analysis are reviewed and considered for the developed method. The molecular mechanisms of VOC formation are discussed. Toxicological implications of the reaction kinetics are put into context with international guidelines and threshold levels. This new method enables manufacturers of cellular materials not only to determine the oxidative stability of their products but also to optimize them specifically for higher durability. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Cellular materials are ubiquitous in the technosphere. They play a crucial role in various microenvironments such as automotive interiors, building insulation, and cushioning. These materials are susceptible to oxidative breakdown, leading to the release of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The ecotoxicological profiles of these compounds necessitate monitoring and regulation. The absence of reproducible and reliable analytical methods restricts research and development aimed at risk assessment and mitigation. This work significantly enhances the toolbox for optimizing the oxidative stability of any open-cell cellular material and evaluating these materials in terms of their temperature-dependent oxidation and emission behavior.
PubMed: 38843638
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134747 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2024Processing food and feed challenges official control e.g. by modifying proteins, which leads to significant underestimation in targeted, MS-based protein quantification....
Processing food and feed challenges official control e.g. by modifying proteins, which leads to significant underestimation in targeted, MS-based protein quantification. Whereas numerous studies identified processing-induced changes on proteins in various combinations of matrices and processing conditions, studying their impact semi-quantitatively on specific protein sequences might unveil approaches to improve protein quantification accuracy. Thus, 335 post-translational modifications (e.g. oxidation, deamidation, carboxymethylation, Amadori, acrolein adduction) were identified by bottom-up proteomic analysis of 37 bovine materials relevant in food and feed (meat, bone, blood, milk) with varying processing degrees (raw, spray-dried, pressure-sterilized). To mimic protein recovery in a targeted analysis, peak areas of marker and reference peptides were compared to those of their modified versions, which revealed peptide-specific recoveries and variances across all samples. Detailed analysis suggests that incorporating two modified versions additionally to the unmodified marker may significantly improve quantification accuracy in targeted MS-based food and feed control in processed matrices.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Animal Feed; Peptides; Biomarkers; Proteomics; Meat; Milk; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Food Handling; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38820638
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139768 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising...
Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising antibacterial agent. In this study, a qualitative and quantitative method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of three bioactive substances, cinnamaldehyde (CNM), thymol (THY), and eugenol (EUG), in the essential oils of plants. Necessary tests for linearity, limit of quantification, recovery, carryover contamination and precision of the method were carried out. Then, the antibacterial activity of 3 bioactive compounds against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration and the synergistic antimicrobial effect. The results indicated that CNM, THY and EUG had good antibacterial activity. According to the results of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), it is considered that CNM + THY and CNM + THY + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on E. coli, and CNM + THY and CNM + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Finally, we analyzed the effect of the bioactive compounds on trace elements in bacteria and found significant changes in magnesium, calcium, copper and iron.
Topics: Eugenol; Acrolein; Thymol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38816435
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63114-8 -
Journal of Biomedical Research May 2024Circadian clock plays a vital role in the pathological progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous studies showed that acrolein, an environmental...
Circadian clock plays a vital role in the pathological progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous studies showed that acrolein, an environmental pollutant, promoted atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 and disturbing circadian rhythm. Whereas, intermittent fasting (IF), a diet pattern, was able to ameliorate acrolein-induced atherosclerosis. , mice were fed acrolein 3 mg/kg/day drinking water and IF for 18h (0:00-18:00). We observed that IF decreased acrolein-accelerated the formation of aortic lesion in mice. Up-regulation of and levels were found in liver and heart tissue upon acrolein exposure, while was down-regulated by IF. Interestingly, IF treatment exhibited higher AMPK, p-AMPK and SIRT1and lower MAPK expression which was caused by acrolein. Besides, circadian genes expression were suppressed and disturbed treated with acrolein, while were reversed by IF. Furthermore, consistent with that , short-term starvation as a fasting cell model could improve the disorders of CLOCK/BMAL1 and raised SIRT1 regulating AMPK, as well as ROS-MAPK induced by acrolein. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IF repressed ROS-MAPK while activated AMPK to elevate the expression of circadian clock genes to ameliorate acrolein-induced atherogenesis, which shed a novel light to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
PubMed: 38807423
DOI: 10.7555/JBR.38.20240025 -
Communications Biology May 2024SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations...
SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations in SMG9 are associated with heart and brain malformation syndrome (HBMS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying HBMS remains unclear. We generated smg9 mutant zebrafish (smg9) that have a lifespan of approximately 6 months or longer, allowing for analysis of the in vivo function of Smg9 in adults in more detail. smg9 zebrafish display congenital brain abnormalities and reduced cardiac contraction. Additionally, smg9 zebrafish exhibit a premature aging phenotype. Analysis of NMD target mRNAs shows a trend toward increased mRNA levels in smg9 zebrafish. Spermidine oxidase (Smox) is increased in smg9 zebrafish, resulting in the accumulation of byproducts, reactive oxygen species, and acrolein. The accumulation of smox mRNA due to NMD dysregulation caused by Smg9 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress, resulting in premature aging.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay; Aging, Premature; Zebrafish Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Oxidative Stress; Mutation
PubMed: 38806677
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06356-6