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Communications Biology May 2024SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations...
SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations in SMG9 are associated with heart and brain malformation syndrome (HBMS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying HBMS remains unclear. We generated smg9 mutant zebrafish (smg9) that have a lifespan of approximately 6 months or longer, allowing for analysis of the in vivo function of Smg9 in adults in more detail. smg9 zebrafish display congenital brain abnormalities and reduced cardiac contraction. Additionally, smg9 zebrafish exhibit a premature aging phenotype. Analysis of NMD target mRNAs shows a trend toward increased mRNA levels in smg9 zebrafish. Spermidine oxidase (Smox) is increased in smg9 zebrafish, resulting in the accumulation of byproducts, reactive oxygen species, and acrolein. The accumulation of smox mRNA due to NMD dysregulation caused by Smg9 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress, resulting in premature aging.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay; Aging, Premature; Zebrafish Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Oxidative Stress; Mutation
PubMed: 38806677
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06356-6 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline. Acrolein, an environmental pollutant and...
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline. Acrolein, an environmental pollutant and endogenous compound, is implicated in AD development. This research employs bibliometric analysis to assess current trends and key areas concerning acrolein-AD interaction.
METHODS
The Web of Science was used to extensively review literature on acrolein and AD. Relevant data were systematically gathered and analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and an online bibliometric tool.
RESULTS
We identified 120 English publications in this specialized field across 19 journals. The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease was the most prominent. The primary contributors, both in terms of scientific output and influence, were the USA, the University of Kentucky, and Ramassamy C, representing countries/regions, institutions, and authors, respectively. In this field, the primary focus was on thoroughly studying acrolein, its roles, and its mechanisms in AD utilizing both and approaches. A significant portion of the research was based on proteomics, revealing complex molecular processes. The main focuses in the field were "oxidative stress," "lipid peroxidation," "amyloid-beta," and "cognitive impairment." Anticipated future research trajectories focus on the involvement of the internalization pathway, covering key areas such as synaptic dysfunction, metabolism, mechanisms, associations, neuroinflammation, inhibitors, tau phosphorylation, acrolein toxicity, brain infarction, antioxidants, chemistry, drug delivery, and dementia. Our analysis also supported our previous hypothesis that acrolein can interact with amyloid-beta to form a protein adduct leading to AD-like pathology and altering natural immune responses.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a broad and all-encompassing view of the topic, offering valuable insights and guidance to fellow researchers. These emerging directions underscore the continuous exploration of the complexities associated with AD. The analyses and findings aim to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between acrolein and AD for future research.
PubMed: 38784445
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1378260 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024(), a Gram-negative oral pathogen, promotes and accelerates periodontitis-associated gut disorders. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial in the...
(), a Gram-negative oral pathogen, promotes and accelerates periodontitis-associated gut disorders. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this study, we sought to elucidate the protective role of cinnamaldehyde (CNM, an activator of Nrf2) against (W83) and -derived lipopolysaccharide (-LPS) induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via antioxidative mechanisms in IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 (ATCC, CRL-1592) cells were pretreated with or without CNM (100 µM), in the presence or absence of (strain W83, 10 MOI) or -LPS (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL), respectively, between 0-72 h time points by adopting a co-culture method. Intestinal barrier function, cytokine secretion, and intestinal oxidative stress protein markers were analyzed. or -LPS significantly ( < 0.05) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels expressing oxidative stress damage. -LPS, as well as alone, induces inflammatory cytokines via TLR-4 signaling. Furthermore, infection reduced Nrf2 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Interestingly, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression significantly ( < 0.05) increased with -LPS or infection, with elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO). CNM treatment suppressed both - and -LPS-induced intestinal oxidative stress damage by reducing ROS, MDA, and NO production. Furthermore, CNM treatment significantly upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins via increasing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 suppressing inflammatory cytokines. CNM protected against infection-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway in IEC-6 cells.
Topics: NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Acrolein; Animals; Signal Transduction; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Intestinal Mucosa; Nitric Oxide; Cell Line; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxidative Stress; Epithelial Cells; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cytokines
PubMed: 38731952
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094734 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health issue. In the globe, Egypt has the ninth-highest incidence of diabetes. Due to its crucial role in preserving...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health issue. In the globe, Egypt has the ninth-highest incidence of diabetes. Due to its crucial role in preserving cellular homeostasis, the autophagy process has drawn a lot of attention in recent years, Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the traditional medication metformin with the novel therapeutic effects of cinnamondehyde on adipocyte and hepatic autophagy in a model of high-fat diet/streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The study was conducted on 40 male albino rats, classified into 2 main groups, the control group and the diabetic group, which was subdivided into 4 subgroups (8 rats each): untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats received oral cinnamaldehyde 40 mg/kg/day, diabetic rats received oral metformin 200 mg/kg/day and diabetic rats received a combination of both cinnamaldehyde and metformin daily for 4 weeks. The outcomes demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, Cinnamaldehyde had the opposite effects on autophagy in both tissues; by altering the expression of genes that control autophagy, such as miRNA 30a and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), it reduced autophagy in adipocytes and stimulated it in hepatic tissues. It may be inferred that by increasing the treatment efficacy of metformin and lowering its side effects, cinnamaldehyde could be utilized as an adjuvant therapy with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Acrolein; Autophagy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Liver; Male; Rats; Adipocytes; Metformin; Diet, High-Fat; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; MicroRNAs; Hypoglycemic Agents; Streptozocin; Blood Glucose; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 38698047
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60150-2 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) May 2024While vaping has increased significantly among young individuals, the effects of vape aerosol constituents on cardiac electrophysiological dynamics remain unknown.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
While vaping has increased significantly among young individuals, the effects of vape aerosol constituents on cardiac electrophysiological dynamics remain unknown.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 22-year-old female with a history of energy vaping presented with cardiac arrest. Found to have no pulse, CPR was started and an initial rhythm of ventricular tachycardia was obtained. Shock was administered with a follow-up rhythm of ventricular fibrillation. She was emergently defibrillated and entered atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Toxicology and troponins were all negative. Left heart catheterization and cardiac MRI were unremarkable. She was discharged with an external defibrillation vest and a tentative plan for outpatient electrophysiology study in the setting of negative work-up for cardiopulmonary arrest.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Vaping-induced sudden cardiac arrest may be attributed to a reduction in cardiac repolarization reserve. Exposure to vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol, substances present in nearly all vape products, have been found to incite arrhythmias and disrupt cardiac conduction in animals. Acrolein, an aldehyde byproduct of glycerin, has also been found to induce arrhythmias due to autonomic dysfunction. Increased intracellular calcium concentration and free radical damage, which occur as a result of inhaling particulate matter generated from e-cigarettes, further propagates the risk of arrhythmia.
CONCLUSION
The effects of inhaling vape aerosols remain not fully understood. While there is a perceived notion that nicotine-free aerosols may be harmless, that remains unclear. Further studies are needed to evaluate proarrhythmogenic effects and autonomic dysfunction from the various chemical substances present in vape aerosols.
PubMed: 38694286
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001907 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO) and to examine the synergistic effectiveness of...
The purpose of this study was to investigate ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO) and to examine the synergistic effectiveness of FeSO combined with ultrasound-emulsified cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CALNO) on inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that FeSO could cause ferroptosis in E. coli O157:H7 via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbating lipid peroxidation. In addition, the results indicated that FeSO combined with CALNO had synergistic bactericidal effect against E. coli O157:H7 and the combined treatment could lead considerable nucleic acids and protein to release by damaging the cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7. Besides, FeSO combined with CALNO had a strong antibiofilm ability to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation by reducing the expression of genes related on biofilm formation. Finally, FeSO combined with CALNO exhibited the significant antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 in hami melon and cherry tomato.
Topics: Escherichia coli O157; Acrolein; Emulsions; Ferrous Compounds; Ferroptosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ultrasonic Waves; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38677267
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106884 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work,...
Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work, acute exposure to the popular flavoring cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-100 µM CIN for 24-48 h and cellular stress responses were assessed. Mitochondrial viability via MTT assay was significantly decreased at 20 µM for 24 and 48 h exposure. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly decreased mitochondrial energy output at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, in addition to significantly reduced ATP Synthase expression. Seahorse analysis also revealed significantly decreased glycolytic function at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, suggesting inability of glycolytic processes to compensate for reduced mitochondrial energy output. Cleaved caspase-3 expression, a mediator of apoptosis, was significantly increased at the 24 h mark. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, a mediator of ER-induced apoptosis, was induced by 48 h and subsequently lost at the highest concentration of 100 µM. This decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its downstream target cleaved caspase-3 at the 48 h mark. The autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) expression was significantly increased at 100 µM by 24 h. Autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) protein and mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN expression were significantly reduced at 24 and 48 h exposure. These results indicate acute exposure to CIN in the kidney HK-2 model induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress responses.
Topics: Humans; Acrolein; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Flavoring Agents; Cell Line; Mitochondria; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Stress, Physiological; Cell Survival; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Glycolysis; Caspase 3
PubMed: 38677246
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116666 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Cinnamic acid (CA) was successfully incorporated into Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) through coprecipitation. The CA moiety was stabilized in the interlayer space...
Cinnamic acid (CA) was successfully incorporated into Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) through coprecipitation. The CA moiety was stabilized in the interlayer space through not only electrostatic interaction but also intermolecular π-π interaction. It was noteworthy that the CA arrangement was fairly independent of the charge density of LDH, showing the important role of the layer-CA and CA-CA interactions in molecular stabilization. Computer simulations using the Monte Carlo method as well as analytical approaches including infrared, UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry showed the existence of intermolecular interaction. In order to reinforce molecular stabilization, a neutral derivative of CA, cinnamaldehyde (CAD), was additionally incorporated into LDH. It was clearly shown that CAD played a role as a π-π interaction mediator to enhance the stabilization of CA. The time-dependent release of CA from LDH was first governed by the layer charge density of LDH; however, the existence of CAD provided additional stabilization to the CA arrangement to slow down the release kinetics.
Topics: Cinnamates; Hydroxides; Delayed-Action Preparations; Acrolein; Kinetics; Monte Carlo Method; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
PubMed: 38674090
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084506 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange...
Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange oil-based biopesticide was used, being limonene its main ingredient. The other biopesticide was based on cinnamon extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde as its main component. Degradation of these compounds was monitored, and transformation products or metabolites were detected. Limonene and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Both techniques were coupled to a high-resolution mass (HRMS) analyzer, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap. Limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde were rapidly degraded as result of first-order kinetics. Possible metabolites such as thymol, cymene, isoterpinolene and cymenene for limonene, and hydroxycinnamic acid for trans-cinnamaldehyde were tentatively identified. Moreover, four other metabolites of trans-cinnamaldehyde, some of them not previously described, were also detected.
Topics: Limonene; Acrolein; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Terpenes; Cyclohexenes
PubMed: 38668941
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33334-6 -
Toxics Apr 2024(1) Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor pollutants absorbed by inhalation. The association of several VOCs with lung function in children and...
(1) Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor pollutants absorbed by inhalation. The association of several VOCs with lung function in children and adolescents is unknown. (2) Methods: We analyzed 505 participants, 6-17-year-olds from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate the associations of VOC metabolites with spirometry outcomes adjusting for covariates. (3) Results: Urinary metabolites of xylene, acrylamide, acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, cyanide, toluene, 1-bromopropane, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, styrene, ethylbenzene, and crotonaldehyde were all detected in ≥64.5% of participants. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) % predicted was lower in participants with higher levels of metabolites of acrylamide (β: -7.95, 95% CI: -13.69, -2.21) and styrene (β: -6.33, 95% CI: -11.60, -1.07), whereas the FEV to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio % was lower in children with higher propylene oxide metabolite levels (β: -2.05, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.61). FEV % predicted was lower with higher crotonaldehyde metabolite levels only in overweight/obese participants (β: -15.42, 95% CI: -26.76, -4.08) (P < 0.001) and with higher 1-bromopropane metabolite levels only in those with serum cotinine > 1 ng/mL (β: -6.26, 95% CI: -9.69, -2.82) (P < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: We found novel associations of metabolites for acrylamide, propylene oxide, styrene, 1-bromopropane and crotonaldehyde with lower lung function in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38668512
DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040289