-
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria commonly associated with healthy periodontal tissues as probiotic candidates.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Ovid databases as well as the combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms. Based on the selection criteria, original studies published in English and identifying the microorganisms present in the periodontium of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis using the high-throughput 16S ribosomal gene sequencing technique were included.
RESULTS
Out of 659 articles, 12 met the criteria for this review. These articles were published from 2012 to 2020 and mainly originated from the United States, China, and Spain. Most of these studies reported adequate criteria for selecting participants, using standardized clinical criteria, and compliance with quality based on the tools used. In periodontal healthy tissue were identified species like Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Prevotella nigrescens which have recognized strains with a capacity to inhibit periodontopathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii are among the bacterial species proposed as potential probiotics because some strains can inhibit periodontopathogens and have been reported as safe for humans.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38877601
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01908-2 -
Pharmaceutics May 2024Ozone is increasingly utilized in dental caries treatment due to its antibacterial properties. In a context of limited studies and no consensus on protocols, this...
Ozone is increasingly utilized in dental caries treatment due to its antibacterial properties. In a context of limited studies and no consensus on protocols, this research aims to assess ozone's antibacterial efficacy on cariogenic bacteria and its potential adverse impact on dentin bond strength. , , , and suspensions were exposed to 40 μg/mL of ozone gas and 60 μg/mL of ozonated water (80 s) via a medical ozone generator. Negative and positive control groups (chlorhexidine 2%) were included, and UFC/mL counts were recorded. To examine microtensile bond strength (µTBS), 20 human molars were divided into four groups, and class I cavities were created. After ozone application, samples were restored using an etch-and-rinse and resin composite, then sectioned for testing. The SPSS v. 28 program was used with a significance level of 5%. The µTBS results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Games-Howell. Bacterial counts reduced from 10 to 10, but dentin µTBS was significantly impacted by ozone (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Despite ozone's attractive antibacterial activity, this study emphasizes its detrimental effect on dentin adhesion, cautioning against its use before restorative treatments.
PubMed: 38794276
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050614 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Calcium phosphate (CaP) particles immobilizing antibacterial agents have the potential to be used as dental disinfectants. In this study, we fabricated CaP particles...
Calcium phosphate (CaP) particles immobilizing antibacterial agents have the potential to be used as dental disinfectants. In this study, we fabricated CaP particles with immobilized ciprofloxacin (CF), a commonly prescribed antibacterial agent, via a coprecipitation process using a supersaturated CaP solution. As the aging time in the coprecipitation process increased from 2 to 24 h, the CaP phase in the resulting particles transformed from amorphous to low-crystalline hydroxyapatite, and their Ca/P elemental ratio, yield, and CF content increased. Despite the higher CF content, the particles aged for 24 h displayed a slower release of CF in a physiological salt solution, most likely owing to their crystallized matrix (less soluble hydroxyapatite), than those aged for 2 h, whose matrix was amorphous CaP. Both particles exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activities along with an acid-neutralizing effect against the major oral bacteria, , , and , in a dose-dependent manner, although their dose-response relationship was slightly different. The aging time in the coprecipitation process was identified as a governing factor affecting the physicochemical properties of the resulting CF-immobilized CaP particles and their functionality as a dental disinfectant.
PubMed: 38730839
DOI: 10.3390/ma17092035 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Feb 2024Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence...
BACKGROUND
Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence of microbial species in PELs is essential for effective treatment strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microbial samples were collected from 50 teeth diagnosed with PELs. Sterile paper points were used to obtain samples from the root canals. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene to identify bacterial species. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods.
RESULTS
The microbial analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species in PELs. The most prevalent species were (32.5%), (28.0%), and (22.5%). (9.0%) and (8.0%) were also frequently detected. Additionally, (7.0%), (3.5%), and (2.5%) were present in lower frequencies.
CONCLUSION
The presence of a diverse microbial flora in teeth with PELs underscores the polymicrobial nature of these lesions. The predominance of periodontal pathogens such as , , and suggests a strong association between periodontal and endodontic infections. A comprehensive understanding of the microbial profile in PELs is crucial for tailored therapeutic approaches targeting the specific pathogens involved.
PubMed: 38595373
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1060_23 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models....
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models. Titanium disks were produced and characterized according to their surface topography: machined (Ti-M), microtopography (Ti-Micro), and nanotopography (Ti-Nano). For the in vivo study, 18 subjects wore oral acrylic splints containing 2 disks from each group for 24 h (n = 36). After this period, the disks were removed from the splints and evaluated by microbial culture method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qPCR for quantification of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as total bacteria. For the in vitro study, adhesion tests were performed with the species S. oralis and A. naeslundii for 24 h. Data were compared by ANOVA, with Tukey's post-test. Regarding the in vivo study, both the total aerobic and total anaerobic bacteria counts were similar among groups (p > 0.05). In qPCR, there was no difference among groups of bacteria adhered to the disks (p > 0.05), except for A. naeslundii, which was found in lower proportions in the Ti-Nano group (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the groups had a similar bacterial distribution, with a predominance of cocci and few bacilli. In the in vitro study, there was no difference in the adhesion profile for S. oralis and A. naeslundii after 24 h of biofilm formation (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that micro- and nanotopography do not affect bacterial adhesion, considering an initial period of biofilm formation.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Adhesion; Titanium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Research Design
PubMed: 38477807
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0021 -
Nanoscale Advances Feb 2024Early detection of specific oral bacterial species would enable timely treatment and prevention of certain oral diseases. In this work, we investigated the sensitivity...
Early detection of specific oral bacterial species would enable timely treatment and prevention of certain oral diseases. In this work, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of functionalized gold nanoparticles for plasmonic sensing of oral bacteria. This approach is based on the aggregation of positively charged gold nanoparticles on the negatively charged bacteria surface and the corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) shift. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized in different sizes, shapes and functionalization. A biosensor array was developed consisting of spherical- and anisotropic-shaped (1-hexadecyl) trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and spherical mercaptoethylamine (MEA) gold nanoparticles. It was used to detect four oral bacterial species (, , and ). The plasmonic response was measured and analysed using and UV-vis absorbance values. Both methods successfully detected the individual bacterial species based on their unique responses to the biosensor array. We present an in-depth study relating the bacteria zeta potential and AuNP aggregation to plasmonic response. The sensitivity depends on multiple parameters, such as bacterial species and concentration as well as gold nanoparticle shape, concentration and functionalization.
PubMed: 38419865
DOI: 10.1039/d3na00477e -
The American Journal of Case Reports Feb 2024BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic...
BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic empyema is rare. We report an extremely rare case of empyema caused by Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii). CASE REPORT A 39-year-old man presented to our hospital with fever and dyspnea. He had massive pleural effusion and was diagnosed with a left lower-lobe abscess and left thoracic empyema. Thoracic drainage was performed and Ampicillin/Sulbactam was administered for 3 weeks. Four years later, the patient presented with back pain, and chest X-ray showed increased left pleural effusion. After close examination, malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected, and computed tomography-guided needle biopsy was performed, which yielded a viscous purulent pleural effusion with numerous greenish-yellow sulfur granules. A. naeslundii was identified through anaerobic culture. Thoracoscopic surgery of the empyema cavity was conducted, and Ampicillin/Sulbactam followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate was administered for approximately 6 months. No recurrence has been observed for 1 year since the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS Actinomyces empyema is a rare condition, and this case is the second reported occurrence of empyema caused by A. naeslundii. The visual identification of sulfur granules contributed to the diagnosis. Long-term antibiotic therapy plays a crucial role in treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Sulbactam; Empyema, Pleural; Actinomyces; Empyema; Pleural Effusion; Ampicillin; Sulfur
PubMed: 38368503
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943030 -
BDJ Open Feb 2024This pilot study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of theobromine, sodium fluoride, and a theobromine-sodium fluoride combination against the following...
OBJECTIVE
This pilot study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of theobromine, sodium fluoride, and a theobromine-sodium fluoride combination against the following caries-associated bacteria: Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii.
METHODOLOGY
Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested via the broth microdilution method, with suspensions cultured on each microbe's respective selective media. Shapiro-Wilk's was completed and all the data showed normality (p > 0.05), and One-way ANOVA was applied to infer the significant differences in the viable counts between the groups.
RESULTS
All experimental conditions for both S. mutans and A. naeslundii groups resulted in a significantly lower bacterial abundance in comparison to the control medium, without any active antimicrobial agent (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in viable count between the theobromine, fluoride, or combination groups against either microbe (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Theobromine's antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and A. naeslundii was found similar to that of fluoride, whether used independently or in combination. Further testing of theobromine is necessary to assess its role as an alternative anticaries agent.
PubMed: 38302447
DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00190-y -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023is a recently reported bacterial species of oral origin, with inhibitory capacity against , , and , which confers upon it the potential of being an oral probiotic. The...
is a recently reported bacterial species of oral origin, with inhibitory capacity against , , and , which confers upon it the potential of being an oral probiotic. The aim of the present study was to identify the potential mechanisms by which exerts its inhibitory effect on . To this end, the study assessed the consumption of glucose and proteins available in the culture medium, the modification of the pH, the production of short-chain fatty acids, the changes in the protein panel of the inhibition halo, the production of hydrogen peroxide and the effect of proteinase K. There were no differences in the glucose values or in the protein content of the medium, but there was a reduction in pH (with no effect on the growth of ). Significant increases were detected in the levels of lactic and formic acid (with no effect on the growth of ), as well as changes in the peptide panel (with no effect on the growth of ). The inhibitory effect was maintained in the presence of peroxidase but disappeared after adding proteinase K. Based on these results, it is suggested that the main mechanism of inhibition of against is the production of bacteriocins.
PubMed: 37760768
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091472 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023A novel antimicrobial peptide, GAPI, has been developed recently by grafting gallic acid (GA) to polyphemusin I (PI). The objective of this study was to investigate the...
A novel antimicrobial peptide, GAPI, has been developed recently by grafting gallic acid (GA) to polyphemusin I (PI). The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of GAPI on common oral pathogens. This laboratory study used minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations to assess the antimicrobial properties of GAPI against common oral pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the bacterial morphology both before and after GAPI treatment. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 μM () to 320 μM (), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 80 μM () to 640 μM (, , and ). Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal curvature of cell membranes, irregular cell shapes, leakage of cytoplasmic content, and disruption of cytoplasmic membranes and cell walls. In conclusion, the GAPI antimicrobial peptide is antibacterial to common oral pathogens, with the potential to be used to manage oral infections.
PubMed: 37760647
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091350