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Lipids in Health and Disease Jul 2023Thermoxidation of edible oil through deep fat frying results in the generation of several oxidized products that promote lipid peroxidation and ROS production when...
Oxidized dietary lipids induce vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in post-menopausal rats: estradiol and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs restore vascular health in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Thermoxidation of edible oil through deep fat frying results in the generation of several oxidized products that promote lipid peroxidation and ROS production when eaten. Consumption of thermoxidized oil in post-menopausal conditions where the estrogen level is low contributes to cardiovascular disease. This study evaluates the role of estradiol and antihyperlipidemic agents (AHD) in restoring the vascular health of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) and thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) diets.
METHOD
A total of 10 groups of rats (n = 6) were set up for the experiment. Group I (normal control) rats were sham handled while other groups were OVX to bring about estrogen deficient post-menopausal state. Group II (OVX only) was not treated and received normal rat chow. Groups III-X were fed with either TPO or TSO diet for 12 weeks and treated with estradiol (ETD) 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) 10 mg/kg/day, and a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe and ATV (EZE 3 mg/kg/day + ATV 10 mg/kg/day).
RESULTS
Pro-atherogenic lipids levels were significantly elevated in untreated TSO and TPO groups compared to OVX and sham, resulting in increased atherogenic and Coronary-risk indices. Treatment with Estradiol and AHDs significantly reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as AI and CRI compared to untreated TSO and TPO groups, whereas TSO and TPO groups showed significant elevation in these parameters compared to Group I values. Moreover, aortic TNF-α levels were extremely elevated in the untreated TSO and TPO compared to Group I. TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in rats treated with AHDs and ETD. Localized oxidative stress was indicated in the aortic tissues of TSO and TPO-fed OVX rats by increased malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. This contributed to a depletion in aortic nitric oxide. AHDs and ETD replenished the nitric oxide levels significantly. Histological evaluation of the aorta of TSO and TPO rats revealed increased peri-adventitia fat, aortic medial hypertrophy, and aortic recanalization. These pathologic changes were less seen in AHDs and ETD rats.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that ETD and AHDs profoundly attenuate oxidized lipid-induced vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through oxidative-stress reduction and inhibition of TNF-α signaling.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Female; Humans; Estradiol; Nitric Oxide; Postmenopause; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Lipids; Hypolipidemic Agents; Diet; Atorvastatin; Cholesterol; Estrogens; Atherosclerosis; Inflammation; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37495992
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01818-y -
Journal of Biomechanics Aug 2023So far, the prevalent rupture risk quantification of aortic aneurysms does not consider information of the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Uniaxial tension tests were...
So far, the prevalent rupture risk quantification of aortic aneurysms does not consider information of the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Uniaxial tension tests were performed on imaged aorta samples oriented in circumferential and longitudinal directions. To account for local heterogeneity in collagen fiber architecture, SHG imaging was performed on tissues at several locations prior to mechanical testing. This enabled the quantification of micro-scale information including organization of collagen fibers using relevant probability density functions. Two different modeling approaches are presented in this study for the sake of comparison. A multi-scale mechanical model was developed using this micro-structural information with collagen fibers as main components. accounting for non-affine fiber kinematics. Simultaneously, an embedded element model that accounts for affine fiber kinematics was developed in Abaqus using the same micro-structural information. Numerical simulations emulating uniaxial tension experiments were performed on the developed models. Global mechanical response of both models agreed well with the experimental data, although leading to mismatched material properties. The models present a rudimentary yet better than before representation of structure based description of aortic-tissue failure mechanics. reinforcing the importance of structural organization of micro-scale constituents and their kinematics in determining tissue failure.
Topics: Collagen; Stress, Mechanical; Arteries; Aorta; Extracellular Matrix; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 37478803
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111700 -
International Angiology : a Journal of... Aug 2023In this paper, results of in-vivo experiments on the animals of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using laser radiation with the wavelength 1910 nm are reported. The...
BACKGROUND
In this paper, results of in-vivo experiments on the animals of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using laser radiation with the wavelength 1910 nm are reported. The results of histological studies of the vein segments removed immediately after the procedure and in a long-term period (30 days and 3 months) are presented. Their structural transformation and the obliteration degree of the vein lumen using different values of the linear energy density of laser radiation (LEED=7.5; 15; 20 J/cm) are estimated.
METHODS
Edilbay breed of sheep (males) were used as experimental animals. Laser radiation with a wavelength of λ=1910 nm and power of Р
rad = 1.5, 3, 4 W was used for EVLA experiments, and speed of fiber traction (v) was 2 mm/s. 8 days after EVLA stitches and an elastic bandage were removed. Animals were observed for 3 months in the vivarium. Animals have duplex ultrasound scanning of coagulation veins under anesthesia, after analysis vein segments were excised for histological examination. As a result, the damage degree to the vein wall tissues (intima, media, adventitia) and peri-venous tissues was revealed.RESULTS
It is shown that in the long-time period, the intima and partial muscle layer transformed to connective tissue. EVLA using laser radiation with a higher value of LEED led to the growth of connective tissue, oedema of all vein layers and peri-venous tissue. The lumen closure occurred due to clot and the vein wall transformation, a maximum value was 25% using LEED=20 J/cm.
CONCLUSIONS
The connective-tissue transformation of the coagulated vein occurs in a long-term period and more pronounced for higher LEED. However, features of vein hemodynamics of animals and differences between the clot formation process of human varicose veins and healthy animal veins lead to incomplete occlusion. These features should be taken into account during extrapolation results of experiments on animals in clinical practice.
PubMed: 37475589
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-9590.23.05013-7 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2023Surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with an inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus can be done via a robotic approach. While this approach is thought to minimize...
PURPOSE
Surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with an inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus can be done via a robotic approach. While this approach is thought to minimize blood loss, it may still result in significant losses (1) and current publications indicate that it can require upwards of 3-day hospital stays (1, 2). However, innovative surgical techniques, such as the split and roll, may curtail this. The purpose of this video is to present the case and surgical technique of robotic assisted radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The patient was a 77-year-old male found to have a right upper pole renal mass on CT urogram. On MRI (Figure 1), a renal mass and level II thrombus was seen. For this case, the Da Vinci Xi Intuitive robotic system was used, with four robotic 8-millimeter (mm) metallic trocars, two 5 mm assistant trocars, and one 12 mm air seal port. The split and roll technique were utilized to access the IVC and lumbar veins. This surgical method uses the adventitia of the IVC as a plane of dissection and safely identifies all branches/tributaries of the IVC to minimize the chance of vascular injury (3).
RESULTS
Robotic console time was 150 minutes. The patient had an excellent outcome, with all tumor thrombus removed, less than 50cc of blood loss, and was discharged within 24 hours of the operation. The tumor pathology came back as papillary, high grade, and was stage pT3bN1.
CONCLUSIONS
The robotic approach with split and roll technique is a great surgical option for urologists to consider in patients with RCC and a level I or II thrombus, which can minimize blood loss and expedite discharge.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Kidney Neoplasms; Vena Cava, Inferior; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Nephrectomy; Venous Thrombosis; Thrombosis; Thrombectomy
PubMed: 37450773
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0245