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International Journal of General... 2024The fecal microbiota was studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the characteristics of gut microbiota were compared among patients with different...
OBJECTIVE
The fecal microbiota was studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the characteristics of gut microbiota were compared among patients with different subtypes and stages of IBD, aiming to identify the gut microbiota associated with IBD.
METHODS
Fecal samples were collected from 41 IBD patients (18 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 23 patients with Crohn's disease [CD]) in the Department of Gastroenterology of East China Hospital, Fudan University between January 2021 and January 2022. In addition, fecal samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. The fecal microbiota was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
There was significant difference in the fecal microbiota between IBD patients and controls. The abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota in the IBD patients were significantly lower than in controls. The relative abundance of and was reduced markedly in the IBD patients. As compared to controls, the relative abundance of increased dramatically in the UC patients. The relative abundance of and significantly increased in the CD patients. As compared to CD patients, the relative abundance of was reduced markedly in the UC patients; the relative abundance of and was reduced dramatically in the CD patients. In addition, significant difference was also noted in the fecal microflora between patients with active IBD and those with IBD in remission period. In active IBD patients, the relative abundance of and was reduced significantly.
CONCLUSION
There is intestinal microbiota imbalance in IBD patients, and the abundance of and is reduced significantly in the active period of IBD, which may be related to the active IBD.
PubMed: 38601196
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S448359 -
Journal of Diabetes Apr 2024Depression is the most common psychological disorder in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the characteristics of microbiota and metabolites in these patients...
BACKGROUND
Depression is the most common psychological disorder in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the characteristics of microbiota and metabolites in these patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles and identify novel biomarkers for T1D with depression.
METHODS
A case-control study was conducted in a total of 37 T1D patients with depression (TD+), 35 T1D patients without depression (TD-), and 29 healthy controls (HCs). 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics of microbiota and metabolites. The association between altered microbiota and metabolites was explored by Spearman's rank correlation and visualized by a heatmap. The microbial signatures to discriminate TD+ from TD- were identified by a random forest (RF) classifying model.
RESULTS
In microbiota, 15 genera enriched in TD- and 2 genera enriched in TD+, and in metabolites, 14 differential metabolites (11 upregulated and 3 downregulated) in TD+ versus TD- were identified. Additionally, 5 genera (including Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes from altered microbiota) demonstrated good diagnostic power (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). In the correlation analysis, Butyricimonas was negatively correlated with glutaric acid (r = -0.28, p = 0.015) and malondialdehyde (r = -0.30, p = 0.012). Both Phascolarctobacterium (r = 0.27, p = 0.022) and Alistipes (r = 0.31, p = 0.009) were positively correlated with allopregnanolone.
CONCLUSIONS
T1D patients with depression were characterized by unique profiles of gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes could predict the risk of T1D with depression. These findings provide further evidence that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in T1D with depression.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38599848
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13542 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) has demonstrated diverse medicinal properties, extensively researched for human applications. Nonetheless, there is a lack of...
The impact of dietary supplementation of polysaccharide derived from Polygonatum sibiricum on growth, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, digestive physiology, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) has demonstrated diverse medicinal properties, extensively researched for human applications. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies investigating the potential advantages of PSP in poultry farming. The present study investigated the impact of incorporating PSP into broiler diets on their growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites, antioxidative status, and ileal histomorphology. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks (44.98 ± 0.79 g) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups, with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed diets supplemented with PSP at 0, 400, and 800 mg/kg (control, PSP400, and PSP800, respectively). The results revealed a linear (P > 0.05) improvement in body weight gain, European production efficiency index, and feed conversion ratio during the grower (22-35 d) and overall periods (1-35 d). The pH levels in the ingluvies, ileum, and cecum exhibited a linear reduction (P > 0.05) in the PSP800 group at d 21 and d 35, respectively. Villus height and crypt depth were increased in the PSP400 and PSP800 groups compared to the control group. PSP400 and PSP800 groups exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide (HO) levels and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 21 d, while at 35 d, TAC and sulfhydryl concentrations were elevated, and HO was reduced only in the PSP800 group compared to the untreated one. No significant variations between the groups at the phylum and genus levels were observed, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes being the dominant phyla. However, PSP supplementation notably augmented Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiota while reducing Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, there was an increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, CHKCI001, Erysipelatoclostridium, and a decrease in Methanobrevibacter. Conclusively, incorporating PSP into broiler diets, particularly at a dosage of 800 mg/kg, improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal architecture and resulted in alterations in cecal microbiota without discernible impacts on digestive function and meat quality criteria.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animal Feed; Diet; Polysaccharides; Antioxidants; Male; Dietary Supplements; Polygonatum; Meat; Random Allocation; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
PubMed: 38593546
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103675 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024The gut microbiota is known to play an important role in energy harvest and is likely to affect feed efficiency. In this study, we used 16S metabarcoding sequencing to...
The gut microbiota is known to play an important role in energy harvest and is likely to affect feed efficiency. In this study, we used 16S metabarcoding sequencing to analyse the caecal microbiota of laying hens from feed-efficient and non-efficient lines obtained by divergent selection for residual feed intake. The two lines were fed either a commercial wheat-soybean based diet (CTR) or a low-energy, high-fibre corn-sunflower diet (LE). The analysis revealed a significant line x diet interaction, highlighting distinct differences in microbial community composition between the two lines when hens were fed the CTR diet, and more muted differences when hens were fed the LE diet. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a richer and more diverse microbiota may play a role in enhancing feed efficiency, albeit in a diet-dependent manner. The taxonomic differences observed in the microbial composition seem to correlate with alterations in starch and fibre digestion as well as in the production of short-chain fatty acids. As a result, we hypothesise that efficient hens are able to optimise nutrient absorption through the activity of fibrolytic bacteria such as Alistipes or Anaerosporobacter, which, via their production of propionate, influence various aspects of host metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Female; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animal Feed; Diet; Eating; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38589474
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58374-3 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma...
INTRODUCTION
Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites in children from Northwest China remain unclear.
METHODS
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on 100 healthy volunteers aged 2-12 years.
RESULTS
Age, body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise (RPE), and delivery mode (DM) significantly affect gut microbiota and metabolites. , , , , and predicted pathway propanoate production were significantly increased with age while , , and carbohydrate degradation were decreased. Fecal metabolome revealed that the metabolism of caffeine, amino acids, and lipid significantly increased with age while galactose metabolism decreased. Noticeably, BMI was positively associated with pathogens including , , , and amino acid metabolism but negatively associated with beneficial , , , and caffeine metabolism. RPE has increased probiotic and , acetate and lactate production, and major nutrient metabolism in gut and plasma, but decreased pathobiont , taurine degradation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, DM affects the gut microbiota and metabolites throughout the whole childhood. , , , primary bile acid, and neomycin biosynthesis were enriched in eutocia, while anti-inflammatory , , , and pathogenic , , and amino acid metabolism were enriched in Cesarean section children.
DISCUSSION
Our results provided theoretical and data foundation for the gut microbiota and metabolites in preadolescent children's growth and development in Northwest China.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Caffeine; Cesarean Section; Urban Population; Metabolome; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38585649
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374544 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is exacerbated by disruptions in intestinal microecology and immune imbalances within the gut-liver axis. The present study assesses the...
BACKGROUND
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is exacerbated by disruptions in intestinal microecology and immune imbalances within the gut-liver axis. The present study assesses the therapeutic potential of combining () with inosine in alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury.
METHODS
Male C57BL/6 mice, subjected to a Lieber-DeCarli diet with 5% alcohol for 4 weeks, served as the alcoholic liver injury model. Various analyzes, including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), ELISA, immunochemistry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flow cytometry, were employed to evaluate liver injury parameters, intestinal barrier function, microbiota composition, and immune responses.
RESULTS
Compared to the model group, the and inosine groups exhibited significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, reduced hepatic fat deposition and neutrophil infiltration, alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1). These effects were further pronounced in the and inosine combination group compared to individual treatments. While alcohol feeding induced intestinal dysbiosis and gut barrier disruption, the combined treatment reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria () induced by alcohol consumption, promoting the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium IV). Flow cytometry revealed that alcohol consumption reduced T regulatory (Treg) populations while increasing those of T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17, which were restored by combined with inosine treatment. Moreover, and inosine combination increased the expression levels of intestinal CD39, CD73, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) along with enhanced proportions of CD4CD39Treg and CD4CD73Treg cells in the liver and spleen. The A2AR antagonist KW6002, blocked the beneficial effects of the and inosine combination on liver injury in ALD mice.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals that the combination of and inosine holds promise for ameliorating ALD by enhancing the gut ecosystem, improving intestinal barrier function, upregulating A2AR, CD73, and CD39 expression, modulating Treg cells functionality, and regulating the imbalance of Treg/Th17/Th1 cells, and these beneficial effects are partly A2AR-dependent.
PubMed: 38572243
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355225 -
PloS One 2024The present study was undertaken to profile and compare the cecal microbial communities in conventionally (CONV) grown and raised without antibiotics (RWA) broiler...
The present study was undertaken to profile and compare the cecal microbial communities in conventionally (CONV) grown and raised without antibiotics (RWA) broiler chickens. Three hundred chickens were collected from five CONV and five RWA chicken farms on days 10, 24, and 35 of age. Microbial genomic DNA was extracted from cecal contents, and the V4-V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequence data indicated significant differences in the cecal microbial diversity and composition between CONV and RWA chickens on days 10, 24, and 35 days of age. On days 10 and 24, CONV chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome relative to RWA chickens. However, on day 35, this pattern reversed such that RWA chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome than the CONV groups. On days 10 and 24, the microbiomes of both CONV and RWA chickens were dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes. On day 35, while Firmicutes remained dominant in the RWA chickens, the microbiome of CONV chickens exhibited am abundance of Bacteroidetes. The cecal microbiome of CONV chickens was enriched with the genus Faecalibacterium, Pseudoflavonifractor, unclassified Clostridium_IV, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Butyricimonas, whereas the cecal microbiome of RWA chickens was enriched with genus Anaerofilum, Butyricicoccu, Clostridium_XlVb and unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Overall, the cecal microbiome richness, diversity, and composition were greatly influenced by the management program applied in these farms. These findings provide a foundation for further research on tailoring feed formulation or developing a consortium to modify the gut microbiome composition of RWA chickens.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Chickens; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbiota; Cecum; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38568936
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301110 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Dietary nutrient content is crucial for energy metabolism and development of gut microbiota. Herein, this study aimed to explore the effects of fat-to-fiber ratios on...
INTRODUCTION
Dietary nutrient content is crucial for energy metabolism and development of gut microbiota. Herein, this study aimed to explore the effects of fat-to-fiber ratios on nutrient transporter, energy metabolism and gut microbiota when ingredients composition was altered.
METHODS
A total of 240 as-hatched broiler chickens were randomly assigned into three groups including low fat-high dietary fiber (LF-HD), medium fat-medium dietary fiber (MF-MD) and high fat-low dietary fiber (HF-LD), with diets being iso-protein, and broilers were offered the same commercial diets from 21 to 42 d. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA of SPSS.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results showed that HF-LD diet significantly increased glucose content and decreased triglyceride in serum of broilers ( < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of jejunal gene involved in glucose transporter and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was significantly increased in broilers fed with HF-LD diets. Compared with LF-HD, HF-LD had a lower abundance of and , and an increased proportion of beneficial bacteria such as , , , , and ( < 0.05). Functional prediction of these microbial changes indicated that HF-LD diet drove caecal microbiota to participate in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle ( < 0.05). Dietary HF-LD-induced microbiota changes were positively correlated with growth performance of broilers ( < 0.05). Therefore, HF-LD diet increased glucose transporters and energy metabolism in intestine and shaped microbial structure and metabolic pathways, which may benefit the growth performance of broilers.
PubMed: 38567072
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298262 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2024Thiram, a commonly used agricultural insecticide and fungicide, has been found to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers, leading to substantial economic losses...
Thiram, a commonly used agricultural insecticide and fungicide, has been found to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of leucine in mitigating thiram-induced TD and leucine effects on gut microbial diversity. Broiler chickens were randomly divided into five equal groups: control group (standard diet), thiram-induced group (thiram 80 mg/kg from day 3 to day 7), and different concentrations of leucine groups (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% leucine from day 8 to day 18). Performance indicator analysis and tibial parameter analysis showed that leucine positively affected thiram-induced TD broilers. Additionally, mRNA expressions and protein levels of HIF-1α/VEGFA and Ihh/PTHrP genes were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The results showed that leucine recovered lameness disorder by downregulating the expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and PTHrP while upregulating the expression of Ihh. Moreover, the 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that the leucine group demonstrated a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria compared to the TD group, with an enrichment of beneficial bacteria responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids, including Alistipes, Paludicola, CHKCI002, Lactobacillus, and Erysipelatoclostridium. In summary, the current study suggests that leucine could improve the symptoms of thiram-induced TD and maintain gut microbiota homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Thiram; Osteochondrodysplasias; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Leucine; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38564867
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116260 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Mar 2024Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common forerunner of neurodegeneration and dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved....
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common forerunner of neurodegeneration and dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Individuals of Mexican descent living in South Texas have increased prevalence of comorbid T2D and early onset AD, despite low incidence of the predisposing APOE-e4 variant and an absence of the phenotype among relatives residing in Mexico - suggesting a role for environmental factors in coincident T2D and AD susceptibility. Here, in a small clinical trial, we show dysbiosis of the human gut microbiome could contribute to neuroinflammation and risk for AD in this population. Divergent Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) responses, despite no differences in expressed dietary preferences, provided the first evidence for altered gut microbial ecology among T2D subjects (sT2D) population-matched healthy controls (HC). Metataxonomic 16S rRNA sequencing of participant stool revealed a decrease in alpha diversity of sT2D HC gut communities and identified BMI as a driver of gut community structure. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified a significant decrease in the relative abundance of the short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa , , and and an increase in pathobionts , , and among sT2D gut microbiota, as well as differentially abundant gene and metabolic pathways. These results suggest characterization of the gut microbiome of individuals with T2D could identify key actors among "disease state" microbiota which may increase risk for or accelerate the onset of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, they identify candidate microbiome-targeted approaches for prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation in AD.
PubMed: 38562743
DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.24304637