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Exploring the Efficacy of Using , , , Clay Minerals, and Walnut Nutshells for Mycotoxin Remediation.Toxins Jun 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nine different biological compounds to reduce mycotoxins concentrations. The hypothesis of this study was that...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nine different biological compounds to reduce mycotoxins concentrations. The hypothesis of this study was that a static in vitro gastrointestinal tract model, as an initial screening tool, can be used to simulate the efficacy of , , yeast cell walls and their polysaccharides, red and white clay minerals, and walnuts nutshells claiming to detoxify AFB1, ZEA, DON, and T-2 toxin mycotoxins. Mycotoxin concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent (FLD) and ultraviolet detectors (UV). The greatest effects on reducing mycotoxin concentrations were determined as follows: for AFB1, inserted cell wall polysaccharides and walnut nutshells; for ZEA, inserted and cell walls and red clay minerals; for DON, cell wall polysaccharides and red clay minerals; and for T-2 toxin, cell walls, and cell wall polysaccharides and walnut nutshells. The present study indicated that selected mycotoxin-detoxifying biological compounds can be used to decrease mycotoxin concentrations.
Topics: Juglans; Rhodotorula; Mycotoxins; Clay; Geotrichum; Nuts; Aluminum Silicates; Minerals
PubMed: 38922175
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060281 -
Biosensors May 2024Glucosamine-chitosan synthesized by the Maillard reaction was combined with montmorillonite to obtain a nanohybrid composite to immobilize horseradish peroxidase. The...
Glucosamine-chitosan synthesized by the Maillard reaction was combined with montmorillonite to obtain a nanohybrid composite to immobilize horseradish peroxidase. The material combines the advantageous properties of clay with those of the chitosan derivative; has improved water solubility and reduced molecular weight and viscosity; involves an eco-friendly synthesis; and exhibits ion exchange capacity, good adhesiveness, and a large specific surface area for enzyme adsorption. The physicochemical characteristics of the composite were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine clay-polycation interactions. The electrochemical response of the different polyphenols to glassy carbon electrodes modified with the composite was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The sensitivity and detection limit values obtained with the biosensor toward hydroquinone, chlorogenic acid, catechol, and resorcinol are (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10 µA mM and (74 ± 8) nM; (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10 µA mM and (26 ± 3) nM; (16 ± 2) µA mM and (0.74 ± 0.09) μM; and (3.7± 0.3) µA mM and (3.3 ± 0.2) μM, respectively. The biosensor was applied to quantify polyphenols in pennyroyal and lemon verbena extracts.
Topics: Bentonite; Biosensing Techniques; Polyphenols; Chitosan; Horseradish Peroxidase; Enzymes, Immobilized; Electrochemical Techniques; Glucosamine; Electrodes
PubMed: 38920582
DOI: 10.3390/bios14060278 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Sugarcane bagasse fly ash, a residual product resulting from the incineration of biomass to generate power and steam, is rich in SiO. Sodium silicate is a fundamental...
Sugarcane bagasse fly ash, a residual product resulting from the incineration of biomass to generate power and steam, is rich in SiO. Sodium silicate is a fundamental material for synthesizing highly porous silica-based adsorbents to serve circular practices. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a significant contaminant in animal feeds, necessitates the integration of adsorbents, crucial for reducing aflatoxin concentrations during the digestive process of animals. This research aimed to synthesize aluminosilicate and zinc silicate derived from sodium silicate based on sugarcane bagasse fly ash, each characterized by a varied molar ratio of aluminum (Al) to silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) to silicon (Si), respectively. The primary focus of this study was to evaluate their respective capacities for adsorbing AFB1. It was revealed that aluminosilicate exhibited notably superior AFB1 adsorption capabilities compared to zinc silicate and silica. Furthermore, the adsorption efficacy increased with higher molar ratios of Al:Si for aluminosilicate and Zn:Si for zinc silicate. The N confirmed AFB1 adsorption within the pores of the adsorbent. In particular, the aluminosilicate variant with a molar ratio of 0.08 (Al:Si) showcased the most substantial AFB1 adsorption capacity, registering at 88.25% after an in vitro intestinal phase. The adsorption ability is directly correlated with the presence of surface acidic sites and negatively charged surfaces. Notably, the kinetics of the adsorption process were best elucidated through the application of the pseudo-second-order model, effectively describing the behavior of both aluminosilicate and zinc silicate in adsorbing AFB1.
Topics: Silicates; Adsorption; Aluminum Silicates; Saccharum; Aflatoxin B1; Coal Ash; Cellulose; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 38914625
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65158-2 -
International Journal of Biological... 2024Following the identification of specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations, gefitinib, one of the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors...
Following the identification of specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations, gefitinib, one of the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has proven efficacious in targeting NSCLC that is driven by specific EGFR-activating mutations. However, most patients who initially respond to gefitinib, develop acquired resistance. In the current study, we devised a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of gefitinib. We developed a simple and effective, nano-interrupter termed zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@Gefitinib@hyaluraonic nanoparticle (ZIF-8@G@HA NP). This nanoparticle was prepared by loading gefitinib onto a ZIF-8 nanoplatform followed by coating with hyaluronic acid (HA). The burst of Zn release triggered by pH-sensitive degradation of ZIF-8@G@HA NPs was shown to enhance the efficacy of gefitinib in parental lung carcinoma HCC827 cells and overcame acquired gefitinib resistance in gefitinib drug resistant (GDR) HCC827 cells. We found that when treated with ZIF-8@G@HA NPs, Zn acts synergistically with gefitinib via increased apoptosis in both parental and GDR HCC827 cells. Consistently, this activity was correlated with tumor growth inhibition. Interestingly, GDR cells were more sensitive to Zn when compared with parental cells. We further found that ZIF-8 NPs overcame gefitinib resistance by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and consequent cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis. Zn was also found to block P-gp activity, facilitating the accumulation of gefitinib in GDR cells, thus enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of gefitinib resulting in reversal of gefitinib resistance. Thus, this study offers a novel and promising strategy to surmount acquired gefitinib resistance via cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by facilitating gefitinib accumulation in GDR cells.
Topics: Gefitinib; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Cell Line, Tumor; Zinc; Animals; Apoptosis; Antineoplastic Agents; Mice; Quinazolines; Nanoparticles; Mice, Nude; Reactive Oxygen Species; Zeolites; Mice, Inbred BALB C
PubMed: 38904022
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95929 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To evaluate the effects of different polishing techniques and coffee staining on the color stability of four commercially available bleach-shade composite resins, namely...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of different polishing techniques and coffee staining on the color stability of four commercially available bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilled, and injectable nanohybrids.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 224 discs (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from four different bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid (Gradia Direct Anterior), nanohybrid (Palfique LX5), nanofilled (Filtek Universal), and injectable nanohybrid (flowable G-aenial universal injectable). The composite resin groups were polished via four techniques: no polishing, 4-step polishing using aluminum oxide discs, 3-step polishing using silicon rubber diamond discs, and one-step polishing. Half of each group was immersed in water, while the other half was immersed in coffee for 12 days (n = 7). Colors were measured using a clinical spectrophotometer, and color differences were calculated (ΔE). The results were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The alterations in color were significantly influenced by the techniques employed for finishing and polishing techniques, composite resin type, and degree of coffee staining. Regardless of the polishing technique and storage medium, different material types showed a significant color change (ΔE) at P < 0.001. Filtek exhibited the most significant color change, followed by Gradia and Palfique, with no significant differences between them. In addition, Different polishing techniques resulted in significant color changes (P < 0.001). The highest degree of color change was seen in the no-polishing group, followed by the 4-step and 1-step polishing groups, with negligible differences between each other. Also, Storage media had a significant effect on ΔE values.
CONCLUSION
Appropriate finishing and polishing procedures can improve the color stability of bleach-shaded composite resins. Coffee has a deleterious effect on color; however, injectable flowable nanohybrid composites are more resistant to staining.
Topics: Composite Resins; Coffee; Dental Polishing; Color; Aluminum Oxide; Surface Properties; Materials Testing; Spectrophotometry; In Vitro Techniques; Humans; Diamond; Nanocomposites; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Water; Dental Materials; Time Factors
PubMed: 38902697
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04474-5 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024This study leverages nanotechnology by encapsulating indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (Tax) using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) as a scaffold. This...
This study leverages nanotechnology by encapsulating indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (Tax) using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) as a scaffold. This study aims to investigate the chemo-photothermal therapeutic potential of ZIF-8@ICG@Tax nanoparticles (NPs) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An "all-in-one" theranostic ZIF-8@ICG@Tax NPs was conducted by self-assembly based on electrostatic interaction. First, the photothermal effect, stability, pH responsiveness, drug release, and blood compatibility of ZIF-8@ICG@Tax were evaluated through in vitro testing. Furthermore, the hepatic and renal toxicity of ZIF-8@ICG@Tax were assessed through in vivo testing. Additionally, the anticancer effects of these nanoparticles were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Uniform and stable chemo-photothermal ZIF-8@ICG@Tax NPs had been successfully synthesized and had outstanding drug releasing capacities. Moreover, ZIF-8@ICG@Tax NPs showed remarkable responsiveness dependent both on pH in the tumor microenvironment and NIR irradiation, allowing for targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. NIR irradiation can enhance the tumor cell response to ZIF-8@ICG@Tax uptake, thereby promoting the anti-tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. ZIF-8@ICG@Tax and NIR irradiation have demonstrated remarkable synergistic anti-tumor growth properties compared to their individual components. This novel theranostic chemo-photothermal NPs hold great potential as a viable treatment option for NSCLC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Indocyanine Green; Humans; Animals; Lung Neoplasms; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nanoparticles; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Paclitaxel; Drug Liberation; Mice; Zeolites; Infrared Rays; Phototherapy; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Cell Line, Tumor; A549 Cells; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Mice, Nude; Drug Delivery Systems; Imidazoles
PubMed: 38896160
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06802-1 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024The component analysis of raw meal is critical to the quality of cement. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) has been emerged as an innovative and efficient analytical...
The component analysis of raw meal is critical to the quality of cement. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) has been emerged as an innovative and efficient analytical method to determine the oxide content of cement raw meal. This study aims to utilize NIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning and chemometrics to improve the prediction of oxide content in cement raw meal. The Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing method is applied to eliminate noise interference for the analysis of calcium carbonate ( ), silicon dioxide ( ), aluminum oxide ( ), and ferric oxide ( ) in cement raw materials. Different wavelength selection techniques are used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the model, comparing the performance of several wavelength selection techniques. The back-propagation neural network regression model based on particle swarm optimization algorithm was also applied to optimize the extracted and screened feature wavelengths, and the model prediction performance was checked and evaluated using and RMSE. In conclusion, the results indicate that NIR spectroscopy in combination with ML and chemometrics has great potential to effectively improve the prediction performance of oxide content in raw materials and highlight the importance of modeling and wavelength selection techniques. By enabling more accurate and efficient determination of oxide content in raw materials, NIR spectroscopy coupled with meta-modeling has the potential to revolutionize quality assurance practices in cement manufacturing.
PubMed: 38894728
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1398984 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This work describes a sapphire cryo-applicator with the ability to sense tissue freezing depth during cryosurgery by illumination of tissue and analyzing diffuse optical...
This work describes a sapphire cryo-applicator with the ability to sense tissue freezing depth during cryosurgery by illumination of tissue and analyzing diffuse optical signals in a steady-state regime. The applicator was manufactured by the crystal growth technique and has several spatially resolved internal channels for accommodating optical fibers. The method of reconstructing freezing depth proposed in this work requires one illumination and two detection channels. The analysis of the detected intensities yields the estimation of the time evolution of the effective attenuation coefficient, which is compared with the theoretically calculated values obtained for a number of combinations of tissue parameters. The experimental test of the proposed applicator and approach for freezing depth reconstruction was performed using gelatin-based tissue phantom and rat liver tissue in vivo. It revealed the ability to estimate depth up to 8 mm. The in vivo study confirmed the feasibility of the applicator to sense the freezing depth of living tissues despite the possible diversity of their optical parameters. The results justify the potential of the described design of a sapphire instrument for cryosurgery.
Topics: Animals; Cryosurgery; Rats; Freezing; Phantoms, Imaging; Liver; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 38894444
DOI: 10.3390/s24113655 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Aluminum, traditionally the primary material for battery casings, is increasingly being replaced by UNS S 30400 for enhanced safety. UNS S 30400 offers superior strength...
Aluminum, traditionally the primary material for battery casings, is increasingly being replaced by UNS S 30400 for enhanced safety. UNS S 30400 offers superior strength and corrosion resistance compared to aluminum; however, it undergoes a phase transformation owing to stress during processing and a lower high-temperature strength. Duplex stainless steel UNS S 32750, consisting of both austenite and ferrite phases, exhibits excellent strength and corrosion resistance. However, it also precipitates secondary phases at high temperatures, which are known to form through the segregation of Cr and Mo. Various studies have investigated the corrosion resistance of UNS S 32750; however, discrepancies exist regarding the formation and thickness of the passivation layer. This study analyzed the oxygen layer on the surface of UNS S 32750 after secondary-phase precipitation. The microstructure, volume fraction, chemical composition, and depth of O after the precipitation of the secondary phases in UNS S 32750 was examined using FE-SEM, EDS, EPMA and XRD, and the surface chemical composition and passivation layer thickness were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis and glow-discharge spectroscopy. This study demonstrated the segregation of alloy elements and a reduction in the passivation-layer thickness after precipitation from 25 μm to 20 μm. The findings of the analysis aid in elucidating the impact of secondary-phase precipitation on the passivation layer.
PubMed: 38894024
DOI: 10.3390/ma17112760 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Oridonin (Ori) is a naturally existing diterpenoid substance that mainly exists in the Chinese medicinal plant Rabdosia rubescens. It was previously found to possess...
Oridonin (Ori) is a naturally existing diterpenoid substance that mainly exists in the Chinese medicinal plant Rabdosia rubescens. It was previously found to possess intriguing biological properties; however, the quick clearance from plasma and limited solubility in water restricts its use as a drug. Several metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), having big surfaces and large pores, have recently been considered promising drug transporters. The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), a form of MOF consisting of 2-methylimidazole with zinc ions, is structurally stable under physiologically neutral conditions, while it can degrade at low pH values such as in tumor cells. Herein, a nanosized drug delivery system, Ori@ZIF-8, was successfully designed for encapsulating and transporting oridonin to the tumor site. The drug loading of the prepared Ori@ZIF-8 was 26.78%, and the particles' mean size was 240.5 nm. In vitro, the release of Ori@ZIF-8 exhibited acid sensitivity, with a slow release under neutral conditions and rapid release of the drug under weakly acidic conditions. According to the in vitro anti-tumor experiments, Ori@ZIF-8 produced higher cytotoxicity than free Ori and induced apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. In conclusion, Ori@ZIF-8 could be a potential pH-responsive carrier to accurately release more oridonins at the tumor site.
Topics: Diterpenes, Kaurane; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Carriers; A549 Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Zeolites; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Survival; Imidazoles
PubMed: 38893518
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112643