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European Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024This study aims to investigate DSM 17938's antibiofilm effects on and , common causes of alveolar osteitis. It seeks topical alternatives to prevent this condition...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate DSM 17938's antibiofilm effects on and , common causes of alveolar osteitis. It seeks topical alternatives to prevent this condition posttooth extraction. The secondary objective is to assess these effects under different pH conditions (pH 4.5 and pH 7), mimicking oral cavity saliva pH dynamics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ethical approval was secured for the saliva collection process involving five healthy adult participants who had undergone wisdom tooth extraction. Saliva samples were diligently collected on the 7th day post-surgery. The unstimulated saliva underwent a series of treatments, including the addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), pH adjustments, centrifugation, and filtration. The pH levels were re-measured, and subsequent adjustments were made to achieve pH values of 4.5 or 7. DSM 17938, with a concentration of 1×10 colony-forming units (CFU) per 5 drops, was utilized in the study. Biofilm testing involved incubating saliva samples with varying pH (4.5 or 7) alongside bacterial suspensions (, or a mixed species). The Interlac suspension was introduced, and plates were anaerobically incubated for 24 hours. Biofilm results were obtained using a spectrometer. The test is conducted in triplicate.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
To scrutinize the impact of pH on biofilm development, the acquired data underwent a two-way ANOVA test in SPSS as part of the statistical analysis. A significance level of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
RESULTS
DSM 17938 significantly reduced biofilm formation across bacterial strains ( = 0.000). Statistical analysis indicated a significant impact of pH on biofilm development ( = 0.000) compared to no saliva samples, with higher formation observed under acidic conditions (pH 4.5). However, the pH levels of 4.5 and 7 did not result in significantly different bacterial biofilm formation ( = 0.529).
CONCLUSION
This research highlights DSM 17938's potency in inhibiting biofilm formation of and . Salivary pH variations significantly influence biofilm development, emphasizing the need to consider pH when assessing probiotic effectiveness. Despite limitations in saliva sample sterilization, this study provides valuable insights into alternative approaches for preventing alveolar osteitis. Further research should explore clinical applications and refine sterilization methods for more accurate results.
PubMed: 38942052
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786846 -
PloS One 2024The measurement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is very important in the process of sewage treatment. The value of COD reflects the effectiveness and trend of sewage...
The measurement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is very important in the process of sewage treatment. The value of COD reflects the effectiveness and trend of sewage treatment to a certain extent, but obtaining accurate data requires high cost and labor intensity. To1 solve this problem, this paper proposes an online soft measurement method for COD based on Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network-Attention Mechanism (CNN-BiLSTM-Attention) algorithm. Firstly, by analyzing the mechanism of the aerobic tank stage in the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) wastewater treatment process, the selection range of input variables was preliminarily determined, and the collected sample dataset was subjected to correlation analysis. Finally, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and water temperature (T) were determined as input variables for soft measurement prediction of COD.Then, based on the feature extraction ability of CNN and the advantage that BiLSTM is able to capture the backward and forward dependencies in time series data, combined with the attention mechanism that can assign higher weights to the key data, a CNN-BiLSTM-Attention algorithm model was established to soft measure COD in the effluent from the aerobic zone of the A2O wastewater treatment process. At the same time, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were utilized Three indicators were used to evaluate the model, and the results showed that the model can accurately predict the value of COD and has a high accuracy. At the same time, compared with models such as CNN-LSTM-Attention, CNN-BiLSTM, CNN-LSTM, LSTM, RNN, BP, SVM, XGBoost, and RF etc., the results showed that the CNN-BiLSTM Attention model performed the best, proving the superiority of the algorithm model.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicates significant differences between the CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model and other models.
Topics: Algorithms; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Neural Networks, Computer; Oxygen; Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Sewage
PubMed: 38941339
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305216 -
MSystems Jun 2024We use metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to understand single-carbon (C1) compound-cycling-particularly methane-cycling-microorganisms in montane riparian floodplain...
Diverse and unconventional methanogens, methanotrophs, and methylotrophs in metagenome-assembled genomes from subsurface sediments of the Slate River floodplain, Crested Butte, CO, USA.
We use metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to understand single-carbon (C1) compound-cycling-particularly methane-cycling-microorganisms in montane riparian floodplain sediments. We generated 1,233 MAGs (>50% completeness and <10% contamination) from 50- to 150-cm depth below the sediment surface capturing the transition between oxic, unsaturated sediments and anoxic, saturated sediments in the Slate River (SR) floodplain (Crested Butte, CO, USA). We recovered genomes of putative methanogens, methanotrophs, and methylotrophs ( = 57). Methanogens, found only in deep, anoxic depths at SR, originate from three different clades (, , and ), each with a different methanogenesis pathway; putative methanotrophic MAGs originate from within the Archaea ( Methanoperedens) in anoxic depths and uncultured bacteria (. Binatia) in oxic depths. Genomes for canonical aerobic methanotrophs were not recovered. Methanoperedens were exceptionally abundant (~1,400× coverage, >50% abundance in the MAG library) in one sample that also contained aceticlastic methanogens, indicating a potential C1/methane-cycling hotspot. . Methylomirabilis MAGs from SR encode pathways for methylotrophy but do not harbor methane monooxygenase or nitrogen reduction genes. Comparative genomic analysis supports that one clade within the . Methylomirabilis genus is not methanotrophic. The genetic potential for methylotrophy was widespread, with over 10% and 19% of SR MAGs encoding a methanol dehydrogenase or substrate-specific methyltransferase, respectively. MAGs from uncultured archaea in the . Gimiplasmatales (UBA10834) contain pathways that may allow for anaerobic methylotrophic acetogenesis. Overall, MAGs from SR floodplain sediments reveal a potential for methane production and consumption in the system and a robust potential for methylotrophy.IMPORTANCEThe cycling of carbon by microorganisms in subsurface environments is of particular relevance in the face of global climate change. Riparian floodplain sediments contain high organic carbon that can be degraded into C1 compounds such as methane, methanol, and methylamines, the fate of which depends on the microbial metabolisms present as well as the hydrological conditions and availability of oxygen. In the present study, we generated over 1,000 MAGs from subsurface sediments from a montane river floodplain and recovered genomes for microorganisms that are capable of producing and consuming methane and other C1 compounds, highlighting a robust potential for C1 cycling in subsurface sediments both with and without oxygen. Archaea from the . Methanoperedens genus were exceptionally abundant in one sample, indicating a potential C1/methane-cycling hotspot in the Slate River floodplain system.
PubMed: 38940520
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00314-24 -
The rapidly progressing and fatal outcome of rhombencephalitis by listeriosis in a 61-year-old male.Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause severe infections in immunocompromised...
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and newborns. Listeriosis can manifest as meningitis, encephalitis, or sepsis, and its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. The case is reported of a rare presentation of rhombencephalitis by listeriosis in a 61-year-old male who initially suffered from subacute gastric disturbances and fever. Neurological consultation showed abnormal functions of cranial nerves and meningeal signs were observed. MRI revealed a poorly demarcated focus of approximately 45 × 16 × 15mm, indicating possible inflammatory processes, necessitating a lumbar puncture. Assessment of the CSF indicated infection with the bacterium- Listeria Monocytogenes, with the final diagnosis of Listeriosis encephalitis. Despite antibiotic therapy of Ceftazidine and Ampicillin, the patient's condition deteriorated, followed by death.
Topics: Humans; Male; Listeriosis; Middle Aged; Fatal Outcome; Listeria monocytogenes; Encephalitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Rhombencephalon
PubMed: 38940119
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/178178 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2024In infants and children, bacterial meningitis caused by anaerobic bacteria is rare. However, a serious infection with the anaerobe can occur in previously healthy...
In infants and children, bacterial meningitis caused by anaerobic bacteria is rare. However, a serious infection with the anaerobe can occur in previously healthy children with a peak incidence in preschool children and in adolescents. As the clinical presentation can be very similar to meningitis caused by aerobic bacteria, one should consider as the causative agent when preceded by or associated with otitis media with purulent otorrhea or mastoiditis, in combination with minimal or no improvement on empiric antibiotic treatment. As this pathogen can be difficult to culture, anaerobic cultures should be obtained. Prompt treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole should be initiated once suspected or confirmed. Surgical source control is often necessary, but even with adequate and prompt treatment, the morbidity and mortality in children with a meningitis remains high. In this report, we describe a case of meningitis in a previously healthy child and review the available literature.
PubMed: 38939326
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6365796 -
Cureus May 2024is a new genus of anaerobic bacteria discovered in the year 2000. It is one of the most common bacteria present in the host microbial flora of dental plaque. The levels...
Comparative Evaluation of Mogibacterium timidum in the Subgingival Plaque of Periodontally Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Study.
BACKGROUND
is a new genus of anaerobic bacteria discovered in the year 2000. It is one of the most common bacteria present in the host microbial flora of dental plaque. The levels of are supposedly higher in inflammatory conditions.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to quantify the levels of species in the subgingival plaque samples of healthy patients and patients with chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 24 samples of the subgingival plaque, 12 healthy samples and 12 samples of chronic periodontitis patients, were collected in a buffer solution using a sterile Gracey curette. These samples were then sent to a laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing.
RESULTS
was found in higher quantities in plaque samples taken from chronic periodontitis patients when compared to healthy patients.
CONCLUSION
can be said to be associated with chronic periodontitis condition. Further studies are required to know the exact nature of the pathogen.
PubMed: 38939247
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61211 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2024() is a commensal Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract of humans. While it is a regular resident of the human oral...
() is a commensal Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract of humans. While it is a regular resident of the human oral cavity, has been implicated in various infections and inflammatory conditions. This case report highlights an unusual association between and isolated superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis.
PubMed: 38939107
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5349136 -
JACS Au Jun 2024Ketene is one of the most toxic vaping emissions identified to date. However, its high reactivity renders it relatively challenging to identify. In addition, certain...
Ketene is one of the most toxic vaping emissions identified to date. However, its high reactivity renders it relatively challenging to identify. In addition, certain theoretical studies have shown that realistic vaping temperature settings may betoo low to produce ketene. Each of these issues is addressed herein. First, an isotopically labeled acetate precursor is used for the identification of ketene with enhanced rigor in vaped aerosols. Second, discrepancies between theoretical and experimental findings are explained by accounting for the effects of aerobic (experimental) versus anaerobic (simulated and theoretical) pyrolysis conditions. This finding is also relevant to explaining the relatively low-temperature production of aerosol toxicants beyond ketene. Moreover, the study presented herein shows that ketene formation during vaping is not limited to molecules possessing a phenyl acetate substructure. This means that ketene emission during vaping, including from popular flavorants such as ethyl acetate, may be more prevalent than is currently known.
PubMed: 38938801
DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00436 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024
PubMed: 38938634
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1428049 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024In this study, we explored the effect of fruit and vegetable waste addition on the quality of corn stalk silage.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we explored the effect of fruit and vegetable waste addition on the quality of corn stalk silage.
METHOD
Corn stalks were ensiled 20 days after ear harvesting and mixed with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) consisting of apple, orange, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage waste as 3% of fresh matter (FM). Fruit waste consisted of solid residue obtained after juicing, and vegetable waste was collected from farms and cut into small pieces (2-3cm). The materials were stored anaerobically in 20-L silo buckets and opened after 60 days of fermentation.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) levels in FVW derived from all tested raw materials (P < 0.05). Corn stalk mixed with orange waste (CSOW) had the highest DM content (28.77%), lowest ADF and NDF content (47.78% and 26.62% of DM, respectively), and highest TDN and RFV content (69.21 and 133, respectively). After 60 days, there were significant differences in all chemical parameters examined (P < 0.05). Corn stalk mixed with broccoli waste (CSBW) had the lowest DM loss (2.23%), and the CSOW group had the lowest NDF and ADF content and highest in vitro DM digestibility. CSBW had the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen content, but the highest lactic acid/acetic acid ratio among the treatment groups. CSOW had the highest lactic acid content (2.27% of DM). The microbial contents of each group differed only in lactic acid bacteria counts before and after ensiling, showing a slight increase (P > 0.05) and significant decreases in yeast and mold counts (P < 0.05) after ensiling.
CONCLUSION
These findings confirmed that mixing various FVW materials, particularly orange waste, with corn stalks improved the nutritional value of silage. Adding broccoli waste resulted in better fermentation quality than the addition of other FVW materials.
PubMed: 38938040
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0106