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Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2024To evaluate the sodium chloride content effect on microbiological, biochemical, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics, Munster cheeses were prepared from...
To evaluate the sodium chloride content effect on microbiological, biochemical, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics, Munster cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk seeded with 3 yeasts (Kluyveromyces marxianus, Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum candidum) and 5 ripening bacteria (Arthrobacter arilaitensis, Brevibacterium aurantiacum, Corynebacterium casei, Hafnia alvei, and Staphylococcus equorum). Experiments were performed under 1.0%, 1.7% and 2.4% NaCl levels in cheese in triplicate. Ripening (d2 - d27) was carried under 12°C and 96% RH. These kinetics were both reproducible and repeatable at 99% confidence level. For each microbial, biochemical and physicochemical parameter, 2 kinetic descriptors (maximal or minimal rate and its occurrence time) were defined. On d2 the physicochemical variables (water activity, dry matter, water content) were strongly dependent on the salting level. From d2 to d27 K. lactis was insensitive to salt while D. hansenii was stimulated. G. candidum growth appeared very sensitive to salt in cheese: at 1.0% NaCl G. candidum exhibited overgrowth, negatively impacting rind appearance, underrind consistency and thickness and off-flavor flaws. Salt concentration of 2.4% induced death of G. candidum. Four bacteria (A. arilaitensis, B. aurantiacum, C. casei, and H. alvei) were moderately sensitive to salt while S. equorum was insensitive to it. Salt level in cheese had a significant effect on carbon substrate consumption rates. Lactate consumption rate in 1.0% salted cheeses was approximately twice higher than under 2.4% NaCl. Data analysis of microorganism, biochemical, and physicochemical kinetics and sensory analysis showed that the best salt level in Munster-type cheeses to achieve an optimum balance between cheese characteristics, sensory qualities and marketability was 1.7% NaCl.
PubMed: 38490552
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24307 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024The application of biostimulants has been proven to be an advantageous tool and an appropriate form of management towards the effective use of natural resources, food... (Review)
Review
The application of biostimulants has been proven to be an advantageous tool and an appropriate form of management towards the effective use of natural resources, food security, and the beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbes connected with plant roots that can increase plant growth by different methods such as producing plant hormones and molecules to improve plant growth or providing increased mineral nutrition. They can colonize all ecological niches of roots to all stages of crop development, and they can affect plant growth and development directly by modulating plant hormone levels and enhancing nutrient acquisition such as of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and essential minerals, or indirectly via reducing the inhibitory impacts of different pathogens in the forms of biocontrol parameters. Many plant-associated species such as , , , , , and can increase plant growth by improving plant disease resistance, synthesizing growth-stimulating plant hormones, and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The application of biostimulants is both an environmentally friendly practice and a promising method that can enhance the sustainability of horticultural and agricultural production systems as well as promote the quantity and quality of foods. They can also reduce the global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals. Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, CAB Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library were checked, and the search was conducted on all manuscript sections in accordance with the terms , , , , , , , , Biostimulants, Plant growth promoting rhizobactera, and . The aim of this manuscript is to survey the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in various agricultural and horticultural crops.
PubMed: 38475460
DOI: 10.3390/plants13050613 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2024Ruchi a temperate, AS1 subcluster bacteriophage isolated in Lumpkin County, Georgia using host , possesses a genome of 38,571 bp and 67.7% GC. Annotation of this virus...
Ruchi a temperate, AS1 subcluster bacteriophage isolated in Lumpkin County, Georgia using host , possesses a genome of 38,571 bp and 67.7% GC. Annotation of this virus revealed 64 predicted reading frames, no predicted tRNA genes, and a close evolutionary relationship to AS1 phage Basilisk.
PubMed: 38466103
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01224-23 -
Parasites & Vectors Mar 2024Ticks serve as vectors for a diverse array of pathogens, including viruses responsible for both human and livestock diseases. Symbiotic bacteria hold significant...
BACKGROUND
Ticks serve as vectors for a diverse array of pathogens, including viruses responsible for both human and livestock diseases. Symbiotic bacteria hold significant potential for controlling tick-borne disease. However, the alteration of tick gut bacterial community in response to pathogen infection has not been analyzed for any tick-borne viruses. Here, the impact of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection on bacterial diversity in the gut of Haemaphysalis longicornis is investigated.
METHODS
Unfed tick females were artificially infected with SFTSV. The gut samples were collected and the genomic DNA was extracted. We then investigated alterations in gut bacterial composition in response to SFTSV infection through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
The study found that a reduction in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the tick gut following SFTSV infection. However, there were no significant changes in alpha diversity indices upon infection. Four genera, including Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, and Escherichia, were identified as biomarkers for the tick gut without SFTSV infection. Notably, the predicted correlation network indicated that the biomarkers Sphingomonas and Escherichia exhibited positive correlations within the same subcommunity, which was altered upon viral infection.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings revealed that the change in tick gut bacterial composition upon SFTSV infection and could facilitate the discovery new target for tick-borne viral disease control.
Topics: Female; Humans; Animals; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Haemaphysalis longicornis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38444018
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06204-w -
BMC Genomics Mar 2024We investigated whole blood and hepatic mRNA expressions of immune genes and rumen microbiome of crossbred beef steers with divergent residual feed intake phenotype to...
We investigated whole blood and hepatic mRNA expressions of immune genes and rumen microbiome of crossbred beef steers with divergent residual feed intake phenotype to identify relevant biological processes underpinning feed efficiency in beef cattle. Low-RFI beef steers (n = 20; RFI = - 1.83 kg/d) and high-RFI beef steers (n = 20; RFI = + 2.12 kg/d) were identified from a group of 108 growing crossbred beef steers (average BW = 282 ± 30.4 kg) fed a high-forage total mixed ration after a 70-d performance testing period. At the end of the 70-d testing period, liver biopsies and blood samples were collected for total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Rumen fluid samples were also collected for analysis of the rumen microbial community. The mRNA expression of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immunity was analyzed using pathway-focused PCR-based arrays. Differentially expressed genes were determined using P-value ≤ 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5 (in whole blood) or ≥ 2.0 (in the liver). Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that pathways related to pattern recognition receptor activity, positive regulation of phagocytosis, positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process, vascular endothelial growth factor production, positive regulation of epithelial tube formation and T-helper cell differentiation were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05) in low-RFI steers. In the rumen, the relative abundance of PeH15, Arthrobacter, Moryella, Weissella, and Muribaculaceae was enriched in low-RFI steers, while Methanobrevibacter, Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, Bacteroides and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were reduced. In conclusion, our study found that low-RFI beef steers exhibit increased mRNA expression of genes related to immune cell functions in whole blood and liver tissues, specifically those involved in pathogen recognition and phagocytosis regulation. Additionally, these low-RFI steers showed differences in the relative abundance of some microbial taxa which may partially account for their improved feed efficiency compared to high-RFI steers.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Rumen; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Phenotype; Bacteroidetes; Eating; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 38443809
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10150-3 -
Biology Feb 2024This review provides insights into cellulolytic bacteria present in global forest and agricultural soils over a period of 11 years. It delves into the study of... (Review)
Review
This review provides insights into cellulolytic bacteria present in global forest and agricultural soils over a period of 11 years. It delves into the study of soil-dwelling cellulolytic bacteria and the enzymes they produce, cellulases, which are crucial in both soil formation and the carbon cycle. Forests and agricultural activities are significant contributors to the production of lignocellulosic biomass. Forest ecosystems, which are key carbon sinks, contain 20-30% cellulose in their leaf litter. Concurrently, the agricultural sector generates approximately 998 million tons of lignocellulosic waste annually. Predominant genera include , , , and in forests and , , , and in agricultural soils. Selection of cellulolytic bacteria is based on their hydrolysis ability, using artificial cellulose media and dyes like Congo red or iodine for detection. Some studies also measure cellulolytic activity in vitro. Notably, bacterial cellulose hydrolysis capability may not align with their cellulolytic enzyme production. Enzymes such as GH1, GH3, GH5, GH6, GH8, GH9, GH10, GH12, GH26, GH44, GH45, GH48, GH51, GH74, GH124, and GH148 are crucial, particularly GH48 for crystalline cellulose degradation. Conversely, bacteria with GH5 and GH9 often fail to degrade crystalline cellulose. Accurate identification of cellulolytic bacteria necessitates comprehensive genomic analysis, supplemented by additional proteomic and transcriptomic techniques. Cellulases, known for degrading cellulose, are also significant in healthcare, food, textiles, bio-washing, bleaching, paper production, ink removal, and biotechnology, emphasizing the importance of discovering novel cellulolytic strains in soil.
PubMed: 38392320
DOI: 10.3390/biology13020102 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2024Vulpecula, a temperate bacteriophage collected from soil in Dahlonega, Georgia using host , is an AS1 subcluster virus of 37,766 bp (67.7% GC). Genome annotation...
Vulpecula, a temperate bacteriophage collected from soil in Dahlonega, Georgia using host , is an AS1 subcluster virus of 37,766 bp (67.7% GC). Genome annotation suggests 64 open reading frames, no predicted tRNA genes, and ~98% sequence similarity to AS1 phages Ruchi (from GA) and Jamun (New Hampshire).
PubMed: 38385671
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00090-24 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Apr 2024Avian colibacillosis is a bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) that results in great losses in the poultry industry every year....
Avian colibacillosis is a bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) that results in great losses in the poultry industry every year. Individual Silkie chickens of the same breed that are given the same feed in the same feeding conditions have different levels of resistance or susceptibility to APEC. Differences in gut microbes, gut metabolites, and gene expression in the spleen of APEC-resistant and APEC-susceptible chickens were compared, and multiple omics associations were analyzed to explore the mechanism of resistance to APEC in Silkie chickens. Compared with those in the APEC-susceptible group, the APEC-resistant group showed significantly increased abundances of many gut microorganisms, including Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Arthrobacter, and Ureibacillus, which were positively correlated with norvaline, l-arginine, and valyl-glycine levels. Intestinal tryptophan, indole, and indole derivative-related differentially abundant metabolites played an active role in combatting APEC infection. In the spleen, "response to stimulus" was the most significantly enriched GO term, and "cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction" was the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway. The arginine biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathways were the KEGG pathways that were significantly enriched with differentially abundant metabolites and differentially expressed genes. This study provides new insight into the prevention and treatment of APEC infection in Silkie chickens and lays a foundation to study the mechanism of APEC infection in poultry.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Chickens; Transcriptome; Escherichia coli Infections; Metabolome; Microbiota; Indoles; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 38382628
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106586 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2024MaGuCo is a temperate phage isolated from soil collected in Alton, NH, USA, using . Its genome is 43,924 base pairs long and contains 63 protein-encoding genes, 44 of...
MaGuCo is a temperate phage isolated from soil collected in Alton, NH, USA, using . Its genome is 43,924 base pairs long and contains 63 protein-encoding genes, 44 of which were assigned putative functions. MaCuGo is assigned to cluster AZ2 based on gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages.
PubMed: 38376341
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01179-23 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2024Actinobacteriophage Djungelskog was isolated from a sample of degraded organic material in Poughkeepsie, NY, using . Its genome is 54,512 bp and encodes 86 putative...
Actinobacteriophage Djungelskog was isolated from a sample of degraded organic material in Poughkeepsie, NY, using . Its genome is 54,512 bp and encodes 86 putative protein-coding genes. Djungelskog has a siphovirus morphology and is assigned to cluster AW based on gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages.
PubMed: 38376224
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01294-23