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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The essential oil of (Kunth) Mez (EOAC), an Amazon plant composed of a rare nitro compound, has shown scientific evidence of antifungal activity but is still unexplored...
The essential oil of (Kunth) Mez (EOAC), an Amazon plant composed of a rare nitro compound, has shown scientific evidence of antifungal activity but is still unexplored against dermatophytes. The antifungal susceptibility of EOAC and its main compound, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (NP), was evaluated against dermatophytes (, and ), evidencing antifungal activity with an inhibitory concentration lower than 256 μg/mL. The mechanism of action was also evaluated, and it is suggested that EOAC and NP have fungicidal action in the fungal membrane, since the antifungal activity occurs through a modification of the shape of the conidial structures of the fungus, showing the permeability of the intracellular content due to the visually observed plasmolysis and cytosolic extravasation through an osmotic process. These results suggest the essential oil and its main compound are promising plant-derived alternatives for treating ungual dermatophytosis.
PubMed: 38927155
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060488 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024Tinea capitis, primarily caused by dermatophytes such as and species, is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair, commonly observed in prepubertal...
Tinea capitis, primarily caused by dermatophytes such as and species, is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair, commonly observed in prepubertal children but rare in adults. Here we report a unique case of an adult female with tinea capitis presenting as diffused alopecia and erythema inflammation on the scalp's apex, mimicking seborrheic dermatitis. Examination of the hair and scalp using fluorescence microscopy and fungal culture identified the presence of hyphae from and . The patient underwent with oral antifungal treatment for 3 months, resulting in the resolution of the rash and subsequent hair regrowth, with no recurrence during 6-month follow-up. In vitro co-culture experiments of and (both and ) revealed that appears to facilitate growth, while the reverse was not observed. This data suggests that 's use of long-chain fatty acids by might reduce its antibacterial effect, potentially aiding adult tinea capitis development caused by .
PubMed: 38912215
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S455485 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Tinea capitis, often known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It is generally caused by...
Introduction Tinea capitis, often known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It is generally caused by dermatophytes from the genera and and are the main etiological agents responsible for most of the cases of tinea capitis globally. Tinea capitis commonly manifests as itchy, scaly patches of hair loss. Tinea capitis is the prevailing dermatophyte illness among children globally. Methods An in-vitroevaluation study was conducted to assess the antifungal properties of ethanolic extracts of neem leaves and the oils of and , both individually and in combination. The agar-well diffusion method and the M38-A2 microbroth dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy against pathogenic dermatophyte strains, namely and . The fully mature green leaves were treated with ethanol to make the neem leaf extract. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was carried out to determine the contents of the terpenoids. Fluconazole, an antifungal drug, is used as a standard. Results The findings demonstrated an overall inhibition of the growth of dermatophytes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 187.5 and 375 μg/ml for neem leaf extract and 0.625 to 2.5 μl/ml for selected herbal oils, whereas it was 0.25 μg/ml and 0.50 μg/ml for positive control against and respectively. Conclusion The phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extracts in neem leaves revealed the presence of terpenoids, which are known for their significant biological activity. The study's findings demonstrated the therapeutic capabilities of neem leaf extract in combination with the oils of and for managing the tinea capitis infection. A broader and improved antifungal spectrum was seen when neem leaf extract and oils were combined. Therefore, it can be developed into a suitable formulation for the management of tinea capitis.
PubMed: 38836134
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59671 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to...
BACKGROUND
T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to humans (). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of (), fruit extract against dermatophytes, particularly , both and . Additionally, we aimed to identify the active compounds responsible for suppressing fungal growth and assess the toxicity of on human cells.
METHODOLOGY
It conducted in two parts. First, Study include the preparation of fruit extract using methanol as the solvent, Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract including Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted, Cytotoxicity assays were performed using HUH-7 cells, employing the MTT assay (1-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), Antimicrobial activity against was evaluated, including: Zone of inhibition (ZI), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), cell alterations were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Second, , Albino Wistar male rats were included.
RESULTS
The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract from papaya revealed several functional groups, including hydroxyl, ammonia, alkane, carbonate, and alcohol. Additionally, the GC-MS analysis identified 15 compounds, with xanthosine and decanoic acid being the predominant components. The methanolic extract of papaya fruits demonstrated potent antifungal activity: ZI = 37 mm, MIC = 1,000 μg/mL, MFC = 1900 μg/mL, MTT results indicated lower cytotoxicity of the fruit extract at concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL, The IC50 revealed a significant decrease in cell viability with increasing extract concentration. Notably, papaya extract induced considerable alterations in the morphology of hyphae and spores. In animal tissue, improvements were observed among the group of rats which treated with Papaya extract. This study highlights the potential of fruits as a natural antifungal agent, warranting further exploration for clinical applications.
PubMed: 38803379
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399671 -
Cureus Apr 2024Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%....
Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%. KC is the inflammatory variety of tinea capitis (TC), with the most common causative agents being and We present the clinical case of a six-year-old male diagnosed with KC. Direct examination stained with chlorazol black and cultures were performed, yielding negative results. Histopathological study revealed spores and short hyphae within and surrounding the hair shaft. Treatment with itraconazole was initiated based on suspicion of spp. from the trichoscopy findings. We propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for kerion celsi.
PubMed: 38765450
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58475 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2024Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to...
Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to humans. This microorganism is associated with Tinea corporis and other clinical manifestations; however, few studies have used genetic surveillance to determine and characterize the process of zoonotic transmission. In this study, we show a clear example of zoonotic transmission from a cat to an intrafamilial environment, where it caused Tinea corporis by infection with M. canis. Molecular characterization using the b-tubulin gene and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis made it possible to determine that the six isolates of M. canis obtained in this study belonged to the same genetic variant or clone responsible for reservoir-reservoir or reservoir-human transmission.
Topics: Microsporum; Cats; Animals; Tinea; Cat Diseases; Zoonoses; Pets; Humans; Dogs; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Male; Female; Dog Diseases; DNA, Fungal
PubMed: 38747851
DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946202466030 -
Cureus Apr 2024Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea...
Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea capitis in the Central Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology at the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (UHC) in Rabat. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted over 25 years (from 1997 to 2021). It included 247 patients with lesions suggestive of tinea capitis, who underwent a mycological examination. Results Among 594 requests for the diagnosis of tinea capitis, 247 cases were positive. A clear predominance of children (86.23%; n=213) as compared to adults (13.77%; n=34) was observed. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.77. Hair parasitism was mainly dominated by the pure endothrix type 54.47% (n=122). The two most frequently isolated species were (51.24%; n=125) and (36.06%; n=88). In children, these two species represented 47.42% (n=101) and 41.31% (n=88), respectively. In adults, was the predominant species, accounting for 77.42% (n=24); in females, it was 76.41% (n=68); and was predominant in males (50.32%; n=78). Conclusion The epidemiology of this condition is in a constant state of flux, influenced by various lifestyle factors. Our research unveiled a notable upward trend in zoophilic species over the 25-year study period, while conversely, anthropophilic species demonstrated a discernible decline.
PubMed: 38725768
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57885 -
Veterinary World Mar 2024Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of catnip essential oil and assay its antimicrobial activity against , , , , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Catnip essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution and time-kill tests. To evaluate the effect of catnip essential oil on microbial morphology and cell membrane integrity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage studies were conducted.
RESULTS
GC-MS analysis revealed that the principal components of catnip essential oil were - and -nepetalactone (57.09% of peak area), --nepetalactone (39.69% of peak area), -caryophyllene (1.88% of peak area), and caryophyllene oxide (1.34% of peak area). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration values determined by broth microdilution ranged from 0.0625 mg/mL to 4.0 mg/mL. Time-kill testing showed that the germicidal effects of catnip essential oil were time and concentration-dependent, respectively. Environmental SEM and cell leakage analysis indicated that catnip essential oil disrupted the integrity of cell membranes in the tested microorganisms.
CONCLUSION
Catnip essential oil has potential as an alternative antimicrobial against a wide range of canine skin infection pathogens, including , and .
PubMed: 38680153
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.585-592 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal skin infection common in humans around the world and is one of the many zoonotic skin diseases that cat owners are at risk of...
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal skin infection common in humans around the world and is one of the many zoonotic skin diseases that cat owners are at risk of contracting. This retrospective study was conducted based on a detailed analysis of the results of mycological examination and medical documentation of 56 patients diagnosed with cat-to-human dermatophytoses from January 2017 to July 2022. Zoonotic mycoses were diagnosed more frequently in young people and women. In children, lesions most often occurred in the scalp area, and in adults, in the glabrous skin area. Skin infections caused by () prevailed and were confirmed in 47 patients (83.9%). () was found in nine (16.1%) patients. predominantly caused infections of the scalp, followed by lower limb infections. Hairy scalps were almost exclusively involved in children. The odds of diagnosing infection compared to infection was significantly higher in the head than in other regions, especially among children. The positive predictive value of a direct macroscopic examination was relatively low.
PubMed: 38667915
DOI: 10.3390/jof10040244 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia Apr 2024Pseudomycetomas are rare fungal subcutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes, which are mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium genavense is...
Pseudomycetomas are rare fungal subcutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes, which are mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium genavense is considered an opportunistic pathogen in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), clinically resembling the presentation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Here, we describe the case of a 26-year-old PLWHA with a 3-month history of a 4cm tumoral, duroelastic and painful lesion located on the back. Histopathology of the tumoral lesion revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with grains composed of PAS-positive and Grocott-positive septate hyphae, as well as acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Culture on Sabouraud and lactrimel agar developed colonies that were later identified as Microsporum canis. In successive samples, the AFB were identified as M. genavense by restriction analysis of PCR products. Immunocompromised PLWHA not only suffer increased susceptibility to diseases due to unusual pathogens but also atypical clinical presentation of frequently encountered pathogens.
PubMed: 38644065
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.02.005