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Polymers Mar 2024Maltodextrins are products of starch hydrolysis that can be processed into dry fibres through electrospinning and subsequently cured via mild thermal treatment to obtain...
Maltodextrins are products of starch hydrolysis that can be processed into dry fibres through electrospinning and subsequently cured via mild thermal treatment to obtain nonwoven cross-linked polysaccharide-based mats. The sustainability of the process and the bioderived nature make this class of materials suitable candidates to be studied as renewable sorbents for the removal of contaminants from water. In this work, electrospinning of water solutions containing 50% wt. of commercial maltodextrin (Glucidex 2) and 16.6% wt. of citric acid was carried out at 1.2 mL/h flow and 30 kV applied voltage, followed by thermal curing at 180 °C of the dry fibres produced to obtain cross-linked mats. Well-defined fibres with a mean diameter of 1.64 ± 0.35 µm were successfully obtained and characterised by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Afterwards, a series of sorption tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the mats in removing atenolol from water. The results of the batch tests followed by HPLC-UV/Vis showed high sorption rates, with over 90% of the atenolol removed, and a maximum removal capacity of 7 mg/g. Furthermore, continuous fixed-bed sorption tests proved the positive interaction between the polymers and atenolol.
PubMed: 38543358
DOI: 10.3390/polym16060752 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024()-Atenolol (()-2-(4-(2-Hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy)phenyl)acetamide) has been synthesized in >99% enantiomeric excess () with the use of lipase B from Syncozymes...
()-Atenolol (()-2-(4-(2-Hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy)phenyl)acetamide) has been synthesized in >99% enantiomeric excess () with the use of lipase B from Syncozymes (Shanghai, China), in a kinetic resolution of the corresponding racemic chlorohydrin. A catalytic amount of base was used in deprotonation of the phenol building block. The enantiopurity of the chlorohydrin building block remained unchanged upon subsequent amination to yield the final drug. All four steps in the synthesis protocol have been optimized compared to previously reported methods, which makes this new protocol more sustainable and in accordance with green chemistry principles. The overall yield of ()-atenolol was 9.9%, which will be further optimized.
Topics: Atenolol; China; Lipase; Fungal Proteins; Catalysis; Chlorohydrins; Stereoisomerism; Kinetics
PubMed: 38542467
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063497 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Adsorptive, catalytic, and antibacterial properties of clinoptilolite-rich tuffs (ZT) are presented here. ZT transformed into Fe-containing ZT (Fe-ZT) removes various... (Review)
Review
Adsorptive, catalytic, and antibacterial properties of clinoptilolite-rich tuffs (ZT) are presented here. ZT transformed into Fe-containing ZT (Fe-ZT) removes various organic and inorganic anions from water. Fe-ZT, which contains selenium, is beneficial for growing mushrooms. The fungi convert inorganic Se from Fe-ZT into a more useful organically bonded form. ZT and Fe-ZT as supplements retain nitrogen and potassium in sandy, silty loam and silty clay soils. ZT shows an affinity toward toxic metal cations, which are essential for cleaning contaminated water. The adsorption of atenolol, acetylsalicylic, and salicylic acid onto M-ZT (M-Cu, Mn, Ni, or Zn) from water solutions suggests that both the natures of M and pharmaceuticals have a significant impact on the adsorption mechanism and determine the adsorption capability of the ZT. ZT is an excellent carrier for ultrafine (2-5 nm) nano oxide particles, which have been shown to have catalytic activity in different chemical processes and photodegradation reactions of organic pollutants. ZT can also be transformed into SO-SnO-ZT, which is catalytically active as a solid acid. M-ZT is an effective carrier of valuable bacteria. Ag-ZT possesses beneficial bactericidal activity in disinfecting water and soil remediation.
PubMed: 38541460
DOI: 10.3390/ma17061306 -
Cardio-oncology (London, England) Mar 2024Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients due to the increased age and treatments. While individual β-blockers have been...
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients due to the increased age and treatments. While individual β-blockers have been investigated to manage CV complications, various β-blockers have not been compared for their effects on CV death in this population. We aimed to compare CV mortality in older BC patients taking one of the commonly used β-blockers.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) - Medicare data (2010-2015). Patients of age 66 years or older at BC diagnosis receiving metoprolol, atenolol, or carvedilol monotherapy were included. The competing risk regression model was used to determine the risk of CV mortality in the three β-blocker groups. The multivariable model was adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for the risk of CV mortality.
RESULTS
The study cohort included 6,540 patients of which 55% were metoprolol users, 30% were atenolol users, and 15% were carvedilol users. Metoprolol was associated with a 37% reduced risk of CV mortality (P = 0.03) compared to carvedilol after adjusting for the covariates (HR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41-0.96). No significant difference in the risk of CV mortality between atenolol and carvedilol users was observed (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.44-1.22).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that metoprolol is associated with a reduced risk of CV mortality in BC patients. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanism of action.
PubMed: 38532523
DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00217-1 -
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Apr 2024Cardio-stimulatory actions of aciclovir have been considered to primarily depend on the sympathetically-mediated reflex resulting from its hypotensive effect. To further...
Cardio-stimulatory actions of aciclovir have been considered to primarily depend on the sympathetically-mediated reflex resulting from its hypotensive effect. To further clarify onset mechanisms of the cardio-stimulatory actions, we initially studied them using isoflurane-anesthetized dogs under thorough β-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) (n = 4). Aciclovir (20 mg/kg/10 min, i.v.) decreased mean arterial blood pressure by 10 mmHg, whereas it increased heart rate by 10 bpm and maximum upstroke velocity of ventricular pressure by 928 mmHg/s, and shortened AH interval by 2 ms, indicating that cardio-stimulatory actions were not totally abolished by β-adrenoceptor blockade. Then, unknown mechanisms of cardio-stimulatory action were explored. Since aciclovir has a similar chemical structure to theophylline, in silico molecular docking simulation was performed, indicating aciclovir as well as theophylline possesses strong likelihood of interactions with phosphodiesterase 1A, 1C and 3A. Indeed, aciclovir inhibited phosphodiesterase 1A derived from the bovine heart (n = 4), moreover it exerted positive chronotropic action on the atrial tissue preparation of rats along with an increase of tissue cyclic AMP concentration (n = 4). These results indicate that cardio-stimulatory actions of aciclovir could result from not only hypotension-induced, reflex-mediated increase of sympathetic tone but also its inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase in the heart.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Rats; Dogs; Theophylline; Acyclovir; Molecular Docking Simulation; Blood Pressure; Hypotension; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Receptors, Adrenergic
PubMed: 38485347
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.005 -
Heliyon Mar 2024Atenolol (ATL) is a beta-blocker pharmaceutical product which is excreted mainly unchanged and may represent a long-term risk for organisms present in the sea and in...
Atenolol (ATL) is a beta-blocker pharmaceutical product which is excreted mainly unchanged and may represent a long-term risk for organisms present in the sea and in fresh water. Due to its low biodegradation rate, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) can be used to remove this compound. In this work, ATL ecotoxicity was analyzed in the presence of sodium sulfate (NaSO), which is widely used as supporting electrolyte in EAOPs. Ecotoxicity values were expressed as the pollutant concentration that leads to a 50% inhibition of the root elongation of seeds in relation to the control (EC(5 days)). The obtained values for ATL showed an EC(5 days) of 1377 mg L towards . When NaSO was added, the toxicity of the sample increased but no synergy was detected between both compounds. With 2 g L NaSO, ATL showed an EC(5 days) of 972 mg L; and with 4 g L NaSO and higher concentrations, EC value for ATL was 0 mg L. Statistical tools were used to obtain the zones of the [ATL]-[NaSO] plane which are toxic towards . Solutions containing ATL and NaSO were treated by electrooxidation. Two anode materials (a boron-doped diamond electrode and a microporous Sb-doped SnO ceramic one); three operation currents (0.4, 0.6 and 1 A); and two reactor configurations (one-compartment reactor and two-compartment reactor separated by a cation exchange membrane) were used. seeds and bacterium tests were employed to evaluate the toxicity of the solutions before and after applying the electrooxidation process. In all the tests, the ecotoxicity of the treated sample increased. This fact is owing to the persulfate presence in the solution due to the sulfate electrochemical oxidation. Nevertheless, none of the final samples were toxic towards because ecotoxicity values were lower than 10 TU; and, in the case of the one-compartment reactor, practically all of them were also non-toxic towards . The toxicity of the treated samples increased when using the two-compartment reactor in the presence of the BDD anode, and when the operation current was increased. This is attributed to the highest formation of persulfates. Amongst all the tests performed in this work, the lowest toxicity value (i.e., 3 TU) together with the complete mineralization and degradation degrees was achieved with the two-compartment reactor using the BDD anode and operating at 0.6 A.
PubMed: 38449618
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27266 -
JCEM Case Reports Mar 2024Diffuse thyroid lipomatosis (DTL) is a rare entity of unknown etiology that can be associated with amyloidosis and rarely, thyrotoxicosis. Here, we present a case of DTL...
Diffuse thyroid lipomatosis (DTL) is a rare entity of unknown etiology that can be associated with amyloidosis and rarely, thyrotoxicosis. Here, we present a case of DTL with amyloid deposits and concurrent thyrotoxicosis. A 64-year-old South-Asian woman with a several-year history of an enlarging goiter, unintentional weight loss, and work-up 10 months prior suggestive of thyroiditis presented with a viral syndrome in setting of several weeks of progressive fatigue. Her examination was notable for resting sinus tachycardia and massive painless goiter. Initial work-up revealed nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia, which progressed to end-stage-renal disease, elevated inflammatory markers, and elevated free thyroxine (FT4) with a suppressed thyrotropin. Hemodialysis was initiated. Further testing revealed a negative antithyroid antibody panel, an enlarged fatty thyroid per thyroid ultrasound and neck computed tomography, and normal 24-hour uptake on radioactive iodine uptake scan. Both renal and thyroid core biopsies showed amyloid deposits, with the latter confirming benign adipose tissue with entrapped thyroid follicles. Given her rising FT4 levels and persistent tachycardia, methimazole and atenolol were initiated. FT4 levels nearly normalized after uptitration of methimazole and dosing after dialysis. Although the etiopathogenesis and natural history of DTL remain unclear, we discuss the possible mechanisms of thyrotoxicosis in our patient.
PubMed: 38440128
DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae030 -
The ISME Journal Jan 2024Organic pollutants are an increasing threat for wildlife and humans. Managing their removal is however complicated by the difficulties in predicting degradation rates....
Organic pollutants are an increasing threat for wildlife and humans. Managing their removal is however complicated by the difficulties in predicting degradation rates. In this work, we demonstrate that the complexity of the pollutant profile, the set of co-existing contaminants, is a major driver of biodegradation in wastewater. We built representative assemblages out of one to five common pharmaceuticals (caffeine, atenolol, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and enalapril) selected along a gradient of biodegradability. We followed their individual removal by wastewater microbial communities. The presence of multichemical background pollution was essential for the removal of recalcitrant molecules such as ibuprofen. High-order interactions between multiple pollutants drove removal efficiency. We explain these interactions by shifts in the microbiome, with degradable molecules such as paracetamol enriching species and pathways involved in the removal of several organic pollutants. We conclude that pollutants should be treated as part of a complex system, with emerging pollutants potentially showing cascading effects and offering leverage to promote bioremediation.
Topics: Humans; Wastewater; Environmental Pollutants; Ibuprofen; Acetaminophen; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38423526
DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae033 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Feb 2024BRASH syndrome (Bradycardia, Renal failure, Atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocking agent, Shock and Hyperkalemia) is a recently emerging diagnosis that describes the...
INTRODUCTION
BRASH syndrome (Bradycardia, Renal failure, Atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocking agent, Shock and Hyperkalemia) is a recently emerging diagnosis that describes the profound bradycardia seen in patients on AV nodal blockers who present with acute kidney injury (AKI) and hyperkalemia.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of a 68 years old female patient with past history of hypertension taking atenolol and Enalapril presented to emergency department with the complaint of loss of consciousness of 02 hours duration. She had 03 days history of fatigue, poor oral intake, decreased urine output, appetite loss, vertigo and global headache. Her vital signs were blood pressure of 60/40 mmHg, absent radial pulse and temperature of 36.4 °C. Her systemic examination was remarkable for dry buccal mucosa; apical heart rate was 22 beats per minute. Glasgow Coma Scale was 13/15. Her laboratory tests showed creatinine of 1.83 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen of 89 mg/dL and potassium elevated to the level of 6.39 mEq/dL. ECG revealed complete heart block with a normal QT interval and T waves and no U waves with ventricular rate of 22 beats per minute. Her previous medications were discontinued and the patient was resuscitated with intravenous (IV) fluids. She was given 03 doses of 1 mg atropine every 5 minutes but there was no increment in heart rate. She was given 50% dextrose with 10 international units of regular insulin, 1 g of calcium gluconate and Intravenous perfusion of norepinephrine and dopamine. Subsequently, after 14 hours of ICU admission the patient had a cardiac arrest with asystole and resuscitation was attempted but she couldn't survive.
CONCLUSION
BRASH syndrome is largely an under-recognized life threatening clinical diagnosis. Physicians should have high index of suspicion for BRASH when they encounter patients with bradycardia, hyperkalemia, and renal failure, as timely diagnosis is crucial in the management.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Bradycardia; Hyperkalemia; Atrioventricular Block; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Renal Insufficiency; Syndrome; Heart Arrest
PubMed: 38373878
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03782-6