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Current Osteoporosis Reports Feb 2024This review examines the linked pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease/related dementia (AD/ADRD) and bone disorders like osteoporosis. The emphasis is on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review examines the linked pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease/related dementia (AD/ADRD) and bone disorders like osteoporosis. The emphasis is on "inflammaging"-a low-level inflammation common to both, and its implications in an aging population.
RECENT FINDINGS
Aging intensifies both ADRD and bone deterioration. Notably, ADRD patients have a heightened fracture risk, impacting morbidity and mortality, though it is uncertain if fractures worsen ADRD. Therapeutically, agents targeting inflammation pathways, especially Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and TNF-α, appear beneficial for both conditions. Additionally, treatments like Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are gaining attention. The interconnectedness of AD/ADRD and bone health necessitates a unified treatment approach. By addressing shared mechanisms, we can potentially transform therapeutic strategies, enriching our understanding and refining care in our aging society. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Artificial Intelligence; Bone Density; Inflammation
PubMed: 38285083
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00847-x -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Mar 2024Coping with dementia requires an integrated approach encompassing personal, health, research, and community domains. Here we describe "Walking the Talk for Dementia," an...
Coping with dementia requires an integrated approach encompassing personal, health, research, and community domains. Here we describe "Walking the Talk for Dementia," an immersive initiative aimed at empowering people with dementia, enhancing dementia understanding, and inspiring collaborations. This initiative involved 300 participants from 25 nationalities, including people with dementia, care partners, clinicians, policymakers, researchers, and advocates for a 4-day, 40 km walk through the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. A 2-day symposium after the journey provided novel transdisciplinary and horizontal structures, deconstructing traditional hierarchies. The innovation of this initiative lies in its ability to merge a physical experience with knowledge exchange for diversifying individuals' understanding of dementia. It showcases the transformative potential of an immersive, embodied, and multi-experiential approach to address the complexities of dementia collaboratively. The initiative offers a scalable model to enhance understanding, decrease stigma, and promote more comprehensive and empathetic dementia care and research.
Topics: Humans; Social Stigma; Spain; Dementia
PubMed: 38275208
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13644 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) May 2024Physical activity is known to improve psychological and cognitive outcomes. Learning dance sequences may challenge cognition, partnered or group dance may benefit social... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The Effectiveness of Dance Interventions on Psychological and Cognitive Health Outcomes Compared with Other Forms of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity is known to improve psychological and cognitive outcomes. Learning dance sequences may challenge cognition, partnered or group dance may benefit social interactions, and the artistic aspect may improve psychological wellbeing. Dance is an equally effective form of physical activity compared with other structured physical activities to improve physical health, but it is unclear how effective dance could be for psychological and cognitive outcome measures.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of structured dance interventions, compared with structured exercise programmes, on psychological and cognitive outcomes across the lifespan.
METHODS
Eight databases were searched from earliest records to July 2022. Studies investigating a dance intervention lasting ≥ 4 weeks, including psychological and/or cognitive health outcomes, and having a structured exercise comparison group were included. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers at all stages. All reviewer disagreements were resolved by the primary author. Where appropriate, meta-analysis was performed, or an effect size estimate generated.
RESULTS
Of 21,737 records identified, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Total sample size of included studies was 1392 (944 females, 418 males, 30 unreported). Dance was equally as effective as other physical activity interventions in improving quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease [mean difference 3.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.13 to 8.30; p = 0.25], reducing anxiety (standardised mean difference 2.26; 95% CI - 2.37 to 6.90; p = 0.34), and improving depressive symptoms (standardised mean difference 0.78; 95% CI - 0.92 to 2.48; p = 0.37). Preliminary evidence found dance to be superior to other physical activity interventions to improve motivation, aspects of memory, and social cognition and to reduce distress. Preliminary evidence found dance to be inferior to other physical activity interventions to improve stress, self-efficacy and language fluency.
CONCLUSION
Undertaking structured dance of any genre is generally equally and occasionally more effective than other types of structured exercise for improving a range of psychological and cognitive outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO: CRD42018099637.
Topics: Humans; Dancing; Cognition; Exercise; Quality of Life; Parkinson Disease; Dance Therapy; Mental Health; Depression
PubMed: 38270792
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01990-2 -
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki Mar 2024Brain health has recently emerged as an overarching concept encompassing cognitive, sensory, social-emotional, behavioural and motor aspects of brain functioning,...
Brain health has recently emerged as an overarching concept encompassing cognitive, sensory, social-emotional, behavioural and motor aspects of brain functioning, enabling individuals to achieve their potential for both health and wellbeing over their life course, independent of the presence or absence of disease.1 It is contingent on a continuous, complex interplay between interconnected determinants related to physical health, healthy environments, safety and security, learning and social connection, and access to quality services. Even though responsibility for optimizing brain health can be taken at an individual level, brain health is in fact heavily influenced by determinants far beyond the control of individuals and their families. For instance, protection from abuse and maltreatment or equitable access to health services depend on interacting social, financial, and political factors that can often only be minimally influenced by individual or small group initiatives.2,3 In addition, the voice of many people, including the very young, the very old, the sick, the disadvantaged, and those who live in poverty, may not be sufficiently influential, even though the decision-making process crucially affects the brain health and quality of life for these individuals. The breadth of determinants of brain health makes brain health a terrain that is justifiably shaped by a plethora of stakeholders with highly diverse values and hence potentially conflicting interests and albeit different degrees of power. Consequently, decision-making in such contexts embodies a thorny process that may render the negligence of the values, viewpoints, and perspectives of those directly involved in a given decision, particularly when the individual capacity to advocate for oneself and the willingness of society and governments to act on behalf of their citizens, are low. Values-based practice (VBP) is a toolkit for balancing interests, wishes, and values in contexts characterized by diverse values, which may be valuable in decision-making related to brain health.4 The implementation of this toolkit in different fields of healthcare (e.g., occupational therapy, orthopedics, primary care, psychiatry, psychology, radiotherapy) has been proposed, and training materials for healthcare professionals have been developed.5 VBP aims to include the differences in values, viewpoints, and perspectives of those directly concerned with a given decision so that communication and shared decision-making are facilitated. Based on the legacy of the Popperian open society,5 VBP treats values in the same way that democracy treats ideas and human voices. Hence, this decision-making toolkit is neither restricted to ethical codes nor prioritizes one value over others. It also does not endorse certain values while excluding others, provided that the values in play are compatible with legal, regulatory, and bioethical frameworks. The emphasis of VBP is on good process rather than predetermined 'correct' outcomes.6,7 Respect for differences between stakeholders results in the creation of a culture of mutual responsibility and in building up a positive relationship between all those concerned, so that everyone feels a sense of ownership of the decision made.4,6 Of note, according to VBP, the perspective of the health service user or of the individuals or community seeking to protect their brain health is the ideal starting point for any decision. This approach minimizes the negligence of the views, needs, values, competencies, resources, and aspirations of those trying to optimize their brain health in contexts where powerful socioeconomic and further interests may be at stake. The 'good process' of VBP is safeguarded by ten principles.4 Four of them pertain to clinical skills and practice - awareness raising regarding the involvement of values in a given decision-making process; use of a clear reasoning strategy to explore value diversity; knowledge about the values and facts that may be relevant to different contexts; and good communication skills. Two further principles underscore the importance of person-centred and multidisciplinary health service delivery. Other principles focus on the fact that all decisions are based on both values and facts, where the former become noticeable particularly when they are diverse or conflicting, especially in environments where variable choices are at the disposal of service users. The last principle of VBP is based on partnership in decision-making, including both service users and providers. In conclusion, VBP may become a valuable tool for making balanced decisions in the broad terrain of brain health. Its protective focus on the perspectives of service users and its democratic character may pave the way towards achieving equity in and optimization of brain health.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Brain
PubMed: 38252899
DOI: 10.22365/jpsych.2024.001 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics May 2024Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Dance has emerged as a comprehensive intervention for enhancing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Dance has emerged as a comprehensive intervention for enhancing well-being in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of dance on mental health and quality of life among individuals with PD.
METHODS
Three databases were searched in December 2022. Research papers comparing the effects of dance with a non-dance control on the quality of life or mental health of individuals with PD were included. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of eligible studies. To address the interdependence of effect sizes within studies, the three-level meta-analysis approach was employed to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Thirteen trials involving a total of 496 participants were included, with 11 being subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that dance had a positive impact on mental health (g = 0.43, 95 % CI = [0.11, 0.75]) and quality of life (g = 0.46, 95 % CI = [-0.04, 0.95]) when compared to passive control groups. Moderator analyses revealed that non-partnered dance and dance interventions with lower total dosages were particularly beneficial for mental health.
CONCLUSION
Dance interventions are an effective lifestyle activity for enhancing mental health and quality of life in individuals with PD. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain the impact of dance on well-being from neurological, social, physical, and psychological perspectives.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Mental Health; Life Style; Dance Therapy
PubMed: 38237379
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105326 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jan 2024To date, beneficial effects of multimodal exercise programmes on Parkinson's disease (PD) have focused on motor symptoms and little attention has been paid to the...
The PD-Ballet study: study protocol for a randomised controlled single-blind hybrid type 2 clinical trial evaluating the effects of ballet dancing on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
BACKGROUND
To date, beneficial effects of multimodal exercise programmes on Parkinson's disease (PD) have focused on motor symptoms and little attention has been paid to the potential effects of such programmes on the non-motor symptoms of PD, which are now universally known as one of the key drivers of quality of life and a key unmet need. We aim to explore clinical effectiveness of a ballet-based dance programme in addressing non-motor and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease across all stages of progression.
METHODS
A randomised, single-blind, controlled trial of 160 people with Parkinson's across all motor stages (Participants will be stratified into three groups of motor advancement: Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages I and II being Mild Group, HY Stage III being Moderate Group and HY Stages IV and V being Severe Group) will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or a control group using an independent randomisation body. The primary outcome is an improvement in non-motor symptoms as measured by the Movement Disorders Society Non-Motor Scale (MDS-NMS). The intervention protocol consists of 12 one-weekly dance sessions led by English National Ballet. Each session is followed by a 'tea and biscuit' social time. Control group follows standard clinical pathway and joins the 'tea and biscuit' to control for any positive effects of social interactions. All participants are assessed at baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention and 3-6 months later to explore any potential longitudinal effects.
DISCUSSION
To our knowledge, no adequately powered study has explored the effects of a dance-based intervention on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, assessing these on both holistic and granular levels. We also aim to stratify participants in accordance with their motor state as assessed by. HY staging to explore specific effects on the symptoms at the initial, moderate and complex stages of the disease. If successful, this trial provides first evidence on clinical effectiveness of a ballet-based dance intervention for symptoms of Parkinson's disease, assessed in a robust, rigorous manner.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT04719468.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Dancing; Quality of Life; Single-Blind Method; Tea; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38233784
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04296-y -
PloS One 2024The systematic review aimed to review the research on the effects of dance interventions, relative to normal lifestyles, on body composition in people with overweight... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The systematic review aimed to review the research on the effects of dance interventions, relative to normal lifestyles, on body composition in people with overweight and obesity.
METHODS
7 databases were searched from their inception to 3 July 2023 for studies with dance interventions and normal lifestyles groups. Only studies investigating dance interventions in people with overweight and obesity(body mass index (BMI)>24kg/m2 and percent fat mass (Fat(%)) abnormal(male>20%, female>25%)) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no restrictions on dance forms.
RESULTS
654 studies were identified from the databases, and 10 studies were evaluated to be eligible. The meta-analysis revealed that compared to normal lifestyles dance had meaningful improvements in body mass(BM), BMI, waist circumference(WC), Fat(%), and fat mass(Fat(kg)). No significant differences were found in the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).
CONCLUSIONS
Dance is effective on fat loss in people with overweight and obesity, and has a significant improvement on body composition and morphology. For its high efficiency and greater sense of enjoyment, dance can be a beneficial exercise intervention for fat loss.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Overweight; Dancing; Obesity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 38232096
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296089 -
Let the Body Talk: Preliminary Data of an Open Trial of Dance Movement Therapy for Eating Disorders.Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2023There is growing support for considering Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) as an effective approach to improving physical and psychological symptoms in eating disorders (ED),...
BACKGROUND
There is growing support for considering Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) as an effective approach to improving physical and psychological symptoms in eating disorders (ED), but additional evidence is needed. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a DMT intervention for inpatients with ED during an in-hospital rehabilitation program for ED in reducing emotion dysregulation and alexithymia and improving interoceptive awareness.
METHODS
Forty-nine consecutive inpatient young women with ED (aged between 18 and 34 years) recruited from a clinical center for the rehabilitation of obesity and ED received four group sessions of DMT intervention. All participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA) before (Time 0) and after the intervention (Time 1). Paired-sample t-tests were run to assess differences between Time 0 to Time 1.
RESULTS
From pre-to-post interventions, there was a significant reduction in the means of all of the subscales of DERS, suggesting an improvement in emotion regulation competencies, with the only exception for difficulties in awareness that increased ( = 0.016). We also found a significant reduction in alexithymia, as proved by significant differences in all of the subscales and the total score of TAS ( < 0.001), and significant improvements in interoceptive awareness as suggested by increased scores of the noticing ( = 0.043), emotional awareness ( < 0.001), body listening ( < 0.001), and trusting ( < 0.001) subscales of MAIA.
CONCLUSION
Overall, our results point towards the efficacy of dance/movement in reducing symptoms of eating disorders. Our findings also suggest that dancing can be considered a useful intervention to increase emotional regulation, reduce alexithymia, and enhance interoceptive awareness.
PubMed: 38202012
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010005 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Personalized dance-based movement therapies may improve cognitive and motor function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor to Alzheimer's...
Associations between music and dance relationships, rhythmic proficiency, and spatiotemporal movement modulation ability in adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.
BACKGROUND
Personalized dance-based movement therapies may improve cognitive and motor function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. While age- and MCI-related deficits reduce individuals' abilities to perform dance-like rhythmic movement sequences (RMS)-spatial and temporal modifications to movement-it remains unclear how individuals' relationships to dance and music affect their ability to perform RMS.
OBJECTIVE
Characterize associations between RMS performance and music or dance relationships, as well as the ability to perceive rhythm and meter (rhythmic proficiency) in adults with and without MCI.
METHODS
We used wearable inertial sensors to evaluate the ability of 12 young adults (YA; age=23.9±4.2 yrs; 9F), 26 older adults without MCI (OA; age=68.1±8.5 yrs; 16F), and 18 adults with MCI (MCI; age=70.8±6.2 yrs; 10F) to accurately perform spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal RMS. To quantify self-reported music and dance relationships and rhythmic proficiency, we developed Music (MRQ) and Dance Relationship Questionnaires (DRQ), and a rhythm assessment (RA), respectively. We correlated MRQ, DRQ, and RA scores against RMS performance for each group separately.
RESULTS
The OA and YA groups exhibited better MRQ and RA scores than the MCI group (p<0.006). Better MRQ and RA scores were associated with better temporal RMS performance for only the YA and OA groups (r=0.18-0.41; p<0.045). DRQ scores were not associated with RMS performance in any group.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive deficits in adults with MCI likely limit the extent to which music relationships or rhythmic proficiency improve the ability to perform temporal aspects of movements performed during dance-based therapies.
PubMed: 38187592
DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572238 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Mar 2024To investigate the epidemiology and management of ankle ligament sprains over seven seasons in a professional ballet company.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the epidemiology and management of ankle ligament sprains over seven seasons in a professional ballet company.
DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.
METHODS
Medical attention injury, time-loss injury, and exposure data pertaining to 140 professional ballet dancers were prospectively recorded by Chartered Physiotherapists over seven seasons (2015/16-2021/22); a period including the COVID-19 global pandemic.
RESULTS
Sixty-nine ankle sprains (46 time-loss) in 45 dancers (32 %) were recorded: 51 sprains were classified as grade I, 15 were classified as grade II, and three were classified as grade III; 53 sprains affected only one ligament, whilst 16 were multi-ligament sprains. For time-loss injuries, median time-loss durations varied by grading (I - 31 days, II - 54 days, and III - 147 days) and the number of ligaments affected (one - 31 days, two - 54 days, three - 134 days, four - 137 days), with time-loss ranging from 1 to 188 days. Of the 46 time-loss ankle sprains, eight were mild, nine were moderate, and 29 were severe. The incidence rate (injuries·1000 h) of medical attention ankle sprains was 0.073 (95 % CI: 0.046 to 0.117) in male dancers and 0.101 (95 % CI: 0.069 to 0.148) in female dancers, and the incidence of time-loss ankle sprains was 0.044 (95 % CI: 0.024 to 0.080) in male dancers and 0.064 (95 % CI: 0.040 to 0.103) in female dancers. No significant effect of sex was observed on either medical attention (p = .304) or time-loss (p = .327) ankle sprain incidence rates. Ten percent of dancers sustained multiple sprains across the seven seasons. Fifty and 39 % of ankle sprains in female and male dancers, respectively, were preceded by a history of ankle sprains. Jumping and landing (30 sprains) and non-dance movements (16 sprains) were the most common inciting movements. Bone bruising and synovitis were the most common concurrent pathologies.
CONCLUSIONS
Ankle sprains placed a considerable burden on the ballet company studied. These time-loss durations specified by number and grade of ligament sprain, injury history, and secondary pathologies can guide return-to-dance rehabilitation pathways.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Dancing; Seasons; Sprains and Strains; Ankle Joint; Ankle Injuries
PubMed: 38123412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.014