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Nutrients May 2024Numerous studies have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of yogurt, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviating...
Numerous studies have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of yogurt, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviating properties of yogurt on immunosuppression and proposed the underlying mechanism was related to the metabolite D-lactate. In the healthy mice, we validated the safety of daily yogurt consumption (600 μL) or D-lactate (300 mg/kg). In immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX), we evaluated the immune regulation of yogurt and D-lactate. The result showed that yogurt restored body weight, boosted immune organ index, repaired splenic tissue, recovered the severity of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and increased serum cytokines (IgA, IgG, IL-6, IFN-γ). Additionally, yogurt enhanced intestinal immune function by restoring the intestinal barrier and upregulating the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Further studies showed that D-lactate alleviated immunosuppression in mice mainly by promoting cellular immunity. D-lactate recovered body weight and organ development, elevated serum cytokines (IgA, IgG, IL-6, IFN-γ), enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation and increased the mRNA level of T-bet in splenic lymphocyte to bolster Th1 differentiation. Finally, CTX is a chemotherapeutic drug, thus, the application of yogurt and D-lactate in the tumor-bearing mouse model was initially explored. The results showed that both yogurt (600 μL) and D-lactate (300 mg/kg) reduced cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression without promoting tumor growth. Overall, this study evaluated the safety, immune efficacy and applicability of yogurt and D-lactate in regulating immunosuppression. It emphasized the potential of yogurt as a functional food for immune regulation, with D-lactate playing a crucial role in its immunomodulatory effects.
Topics: Animals; Cyclophosphamide; Yogurt; Mice; Lactic Acid; Cytokines; Male; Immunosuppression Therapy; Spleen; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium
PubMed: 38732641
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091395 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a granulopoietic growth factor used in the treatment of neutropenia following chemotherapy, myeloablative... (Review)
Review
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a granulopoietic growth factor used in the treatment of neutropenia following chemotherapy, myeloablative treatment, or healthy donors preparing for allogeneic transplantation. Few hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) have been reported, and its true prevalence is unknown. We aimed to systematically characterize G-CSF-induced HRs while including a comprehensive list of adverse reactions. We reviewed articles published before January 2024 by searching in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases using a combination of the keywords listed, selected the ones needed, and extracted relevant data. The search resulted in 68 entries, 17 relevant to our study and 7 others found from manually searching bibliographic sources. A total of 40 cases of G-CSF-induced HR were described and classified as immediate (29) or delayed (11). Immediate ones were mostly caused by filgrastim (13 minimum), with at least 9 being grade 5 on the WAO anaphylaxis scale. Delayed reactions were mostly maculopapular exanthemas and allowed for the continuation of G-CSF. Reactions after first exposure frequently appeared and were present in at least 11 of the 40 cases. Only five desensitization protocols have been found concerning the topic at hand in the analyzed data. We believe this study brings to light the research interest in this topic that could benefit from further exploration, and propose regular updating to include the most recently published evidence.
Topics: Humans; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Drug Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 38732026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094807 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024C. A. Meyer is a dual-purpose plant for medicine and food, its polysaccharide is considered as an immune enhancer. Four polysaccharides, WGP-20-F, WGP-40-F, WGP-60-F...
C. A. Meyer is a dual-purpose plant for medicine and food, its polysaccharide is considered as an immune enhancer. Four polysaccharides, WGP-20-F, WGP-40-F, WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F were obtained from ginseng via water extraction and gradient ethanol precipitation with different molecular weights () of 1.720 × 10, 1.434 × 10, 4.225 × 10 and 1.520 × 10 Da, respectively. WGP-20-F and WGP-40-F which with higher and a triple-helix structure are glucans composed of 4-ɑ-Glc, do not show remarkable immunoregulatory effects. WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F are heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of 4-ɑ-Glc and also contain t-ɑ-Ara, 5-ɑ-Ara and 3,5-ɑ-Ara. They are spherical branched conformations without a triple-helix structure and can effectively increase the index of immune organs, lymphocyte proliferation, activate macrophages to regulate the immune system in mice and further enhance immune functions by improving delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and antibody response. These results indicated that WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F could be used as potential immune enhancers, and gradient ethanol precipitation can be applied for the preparation of ginseng bioactive polysaccharide.
PubMed: 38720774
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388206 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research May 2024Alpha-gal syndrome is an emerging allergy characterized by an immune reaction to the carbohydrate molecule alpha-gal found in red meat. This unique food allergy is...
BACKGROUND
Alpha-gal syndrome is an emerging allergy characterized by an immune reaction to the carbohydrate molecule alpha-gal found in red meat. This unique food allergy is likely triggered by a tick bite. Cases of the allergy are on the rise, but prevalence estimates do not currently exist. Furthermore, varying symptoms and limited awareness of the allergy among health care providers contribute to delayed diagnosis, leading individuals to seek out their own information and potentially self-diagnose.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to (1) describe the volume and patterns of information-seeking related to alpha-gal, (2) explore correlations between alpha-gal and lone star ticks, and (3) identify specific areas of interest that individuals are searching for in relation to alpha-gal.
METHODS
Google Trends Supercharged-Glimpse, a new extension of Google Trends, provides estimates of the absolute volume of searches and related search queries. This extension was used to assess trends in searches for alpha-gal and lone star ticks (lone star tick, alpha gal, and meat allergy, as well as food allergy for comparison) in the United States. Time series analyses were used to examine search volume trends over time, and Spearman correlation matrices and choropleth maps were used to explore geographic and temporal correlations between alpha-gal and lone star tick searches. Content analysis was performed on related search queries to identify themes and subcategories that are of interest to information seekers.
RESULTS
Time series analysis revealed a rapidly increasing trend in search volumes for alpha-gal beginning in 2015. After adjusting for long-term trends, seasonal trends, and media coverage, from 2015 to 2022, the predicted adjusted average annual percent change in search volume for alpha-gal was 33.78%. The estimated overall change in average search volume was 627%. In comparison, the average annual percent change was 9.23% for lone star tick, 7.34% for meat allergy, and 2.45% for food allergy during this time. Geographic analysis showed strong significant correlations between alpha-gal and lone star tick searches especially in recent years (ρ=0.80; P<.001), with primary overlap and highest search rates found in the southeastern region of the United States. Content analysis identified 10 themes of primary interest: diet, diagnosis or testing, treatment, medications or contraindications of medications, symptoms, tick related, specific sources of information and locations, general education information, alternative words for alpha-gal, and unrelated or other.
CONCLUSIONS
The study provides insights into the changing information-seeking patterns for alpha-gal, indicating growing awareness and interest. Alpha-gal search volume is increasing at a rapid rate. Understanding specific questions and concerns can help health care providers and public health educators to tailor communication strategies. The Google Trends Supercharged-Glimpse tool offers enhanced features for analyzing information-seeking behavior and can be valuable for infodemiology research. Further research is needed to explore the evolving prevalence and impact of alpha-gal syndrome.
Topics: Food Hypersensitivity; Information Seeking Behavior; Humans; Animals; United States; Red Meat; Tick Bites; Internet; Search Engine
PubMed: 38717813
DOI: 10.2196/49928 -
Respiratory Research May 2024The treatment response to corticosteroids in patients with sarcoidosis is highly variable. CD4 T cells are central in sarcoid pathogenesis and their phenotype in...
BACKGROUND
The treatment response to corticosteroids in patients with sarcoidosis is highly variable. CD4 T cells are central in sarcoid pathogenesis and their phenotype in peripheral blood (PB) associates with disease course. We hypothesized that the phenotype of circulating T cells in patients with sarcoidosis may correlate with the response to prednisone treatment. Therefore, we aimed to correlate frequencies and phenotypes of circulating T cells at baseline with the pulmonary function response at 3 and 12 months during prednisone treatment in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
METHODS
We used multi-color flow cytometry to quantify activation marker expression on PB T cell populations in 22 treatment-naïve patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs). Pulmonary function tests at baseline, 3 and 12 months were used to measure treatment effect.
RESULTS
Patients with sarcoidosis showed an absolute forced vital capacity (FVC) increase of 14.2% predicted (± 10.6, p < 0.0001) between baseline and 3 months. Good response to prednisone (defined as absolute FVC increase of ≥ 10% predicted) was observed in 12 patients. CD4 memory T cells and regulatory T cells from patients with sarcoidosis displayed an aberrant phenotype at baseline, compared to HCs. Good responders at 3 months had significantly increased baseline proportions of PD-1CD4 memory T cells and PD-1 regulatory T cells, compared to poor responders and HCs. Moreover, decreased fractions of CD25 cells and increased fractions of PD-1 cells within the CD4 memory T cell population correlated with ≥ 10% FVC increase at 12 months. During treatment, the aberrantly activated phenotype of memory and regulatory T cells reversed.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased proportions of circulating PD-1CD4 memory T cells and PD-1 regulatory T cells and decreased proportions of CD25CD4 memory T cells associate with good FVC response to prednisone in pulmonary sarcoidosis, representing promising new blood biomarkers for prednisone efficacy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NL44805.078.13.
Topics: Humans; Male; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary; Female; Middle Aged; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Prednisone; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Adult; Treatment Outcome; Memory T Cells; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Glucocorticoids; Vital Capacity; Aged
PubMed: 38715030
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02833-y -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Sarcoidosis has been considered to be associated with many autoimmune diseases (ADs), but the cause-and-effect relationship between these two diseases has not been fully...
BACKGROUND
Sarcoidosis has been considered to be associated with many autoimmune diseases (ADs), but the cause-and-effect relationship between these two diseases has not been fully explored. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the possible genetic association between sarcoidosis and ADs.
METHODS
We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study using genetic variants associated with ADs and sarcoidosis (4,041 cases and 371,255 controls) from the FinnGen study. The ADs dataset comprised 96,150 cases and 281,127 controls, encompassing 44 distinct types of autoimmune-related diseases. Subsequently, we identified seven diseases within the ADs dataset with a case size exceeding 3,500 and performed subgroup analyses on these specific diseases.
RESULTS
The MR evidence supported the causal association of genetic predictors of ADs with an increased risk of sarcoidosis (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.59 to 2.02, = 1.01 × 10), and no reverse causation (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.12, = 9.88 × 10). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that genetic predictors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were causally linked to an elevated risk of sarcoidosis (All < 6.25 × 10). Conversely, genetic predictors of sarcoidosis showed causal associations with a higher risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus ( < 6.25 × 10).
CONCLUSION
The present study established a positive causal relationship between genetic predictors of ADs (e.g. T1DM, celiac disease, and IBD) and the risk of sarcoidosis, with no evidence of reverse causation.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoidosis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Autoimmune Diseases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Case-Control Studies; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38711527
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325127 -
BMC Ophthalmology May 2024To summarize the outcomes of corneal sight rehabilitating surgery in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).
PURPOSE
To summarize the outcomes of corneal sight rehabilitating surgery in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).
METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive case series. Twenty-four eyes of 18 SJS patients were included in this study. The ocular parameters, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and additional treatments of the cases were reviewed.
RESULTS
A total of 29 corneal sight rehabilitating surgeries, which consists of 9 keratoplasties, 8 Keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) and 12 combined surgeries (keratoplasty and KLAL simultaneously) were performed on the 24 eyes. All patients were treated with glucocorticoid eyedrops and tacrolimus eyedrops for anti-rejection treatment without combining systemic immunosuppression, except two patients who were prescribed prednisone tablets for the management of systemic conditions. The mean follow-up period was 50.6 ± 28.1 months. The optimal visual acuity (VA) (0.74 ± 0.60 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and endpoint VA (1.06 ± 0.82 logMAR) were both significantly better than the preoperative VA (1.96 ± 0.43 logMAR) (95% CI, p = 0.000). 57.1% patients (8/14) were no longer in the low vision spectrum, and 88.9% patients (8/9) were no longer blind. The mean epithelialization time was 7.1 ± 7.6 weeks. The success rate was 86.7%. Additional treatments for improving epithelialization included administration of serum eyedrops (n = 10), contact lens (n = 15), amniotic membrane transplantation (n = 6), and tarsorrhaphy (n = 8). Complications included delayed epithelialization (n = 4, over 12 weeks), glaucoma (n = 11), and severe allograft opacity (n = 4). Only one graft rejection was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Keratoplasty and KLAL can remarkably enhance VA and improve low vision or even eliminate blindness for ocular complications of SJS. The outcome of the surgeries was correlated with the preoperative ocular situation and choice of operative methods.
Topics: Humans; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Adult; Visual Acuity; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Corneal Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Child; Corneal Transplantation; Follow-Up Studies; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Postoperative Complications; Limbus Corneae
PubMed: 38711013
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03461-2 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Tattooing; Sarcoidosis; Female; Male; Adult
PubMed: 38704719
DOI: 10.61409/V205161 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2024The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) family of molecules are intracellular adaptors that regulate cellular signaling through members of the... (Review)
Review
The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) family of molecules are intracellular adaptors that regulate cellular signaling through members of the TNFR and Toll-like receptor superfamily. Mammals have seven TRAF molecules numbered sequentially from TRAF1 to TRAF7. Although TRAF5 was identified as a potential regulator of TNFR superfamily members, the in vivo function of TRAF5 has not yet been fully elucidated. We identified an unconventional role of TRAF5 in interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor signaling involving CD4 T cells. Moreover, TRAF5 binds to the signal-transducing glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor for IL-6 and inhibits the activity of the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. In addition, Traf5-deficient CD4 T cells exhibit significantly enhanced IL-6-driven differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which exacerbates neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, TRAF5 demonstrates a similar activity to gp130 for IL-27, another cytokine of the IL-6 family. Additionally, Traf5-deficient CD4 T cells display significantly increased IL-27-mediated differentiation of Th1 cells, which increases footpad swelling in delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Thus, TRAF5 functions as a negative regulator of gp130 in CD4 T cells. This review aimed to explain how TRAF5 controls the differentiation of CD4 T cells and discuss how the expression of TRAF5 in T cells and other cell types can influence the development and progression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Humans; Animals; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5; Signal Transduction; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Cytokine Receptor gp130; Th17 Cells; Interleukin-6; Cell Differentiation; Receptors, Interleukin-6; Janus Kinases; STAT Transcription Factors; Mice
PubMed: 38692922
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-3 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Macrophages; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 38690977
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0287ED