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Insects Feb 2024bacteria (phylum Proteobacteria) are ubiquitous intracellular parasites of diverse invertebrates. In insects, coevolution has forged mutualistic associations with...
bacteria (phylum Proteobacteria) are ubiquitous intracellular parasites of diverse invertebrates. In insects, coevolution has forged mutualistic associations with species, influencing reproduction, immunity, development, pathogen resistance, and overall fitness. However, the impact of on other microbial associates within the insect microbiome, which are crucial for host fitness, remains less explored. The diamondback moth (), a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide, harbors the dominant strain , known to distort its sex ratio. This study investigated the bacterial community diversity and dynamics across different developmental life stages and infection states in using high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the microbiome regardless of life stage or infection. However, the relative abundance of dominant genera, including an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, , , and , displayed significant stage-specific variations. While significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition were observed across life stages, infection had no substantial impact on overall diversity. Nonetheless, relative abundances of specific genera differed between infection states. Notably, exhibited a stable, high relative abundance across all stages and negatively correlated with an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, , and . Our findings provide a foundational understanding of the complex interplay between the host, , and the associated microbiome in , paving the way for a deeper understanding of their complex interactions and potential implications for pest control strategies.
PubMed: 38392551
DOI: 10.3390/insects15020132 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with a high incidence of complications in the mid and late stages of...
OBJECTIVE
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with a high incidence of complications in the mid and late stages of gestation. This study investigates differences in the composition of intestinal flora among pregnant women diagnosed with ICP, employing Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology.
METHODS
This case-control study obtained patient data from the hospital information system (HIS) and the laboratory information system (LIS). Fecal samples were collected from 25 pregnant women who did not undergo intestinal preparation before delivery between December 2020 and March 2021. Whole-genome analysis was performed. PCR was used to amplify the 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region, which was then sequenced. Alpha and beta diversity were computed, and the maternal intestinal flora's abundance and composition characteristics were analyzed. Differences in intestinal flora between the two sample groups were examined.
RESULTS
Bacteroides and Proteobacteria exhibited positive correlations with TBIL and IBIL. Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Erysipeiotrichi showed positive correlations with TBIL, IBIL, and DBIL, while , , and demonstrated positive correlations with ALT.
CONCLUSION
The ICP group displayed significantly higher levels of total bile acid and ALT compared to the control group. The intestinal flora composition comprised four primary phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. ICP patients exhibited a lower relative abundance of intestinal flora across different levels of community composition when compared to the control group. Specific correlations between certain intestinal flora and clinical liver parameters were identified.
PubMed: 38384504
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25861 -
RSC Advances Jan 2024Acid rain can lower the pH of groundwater and affect its hydrogeochemistry and microbial ecology. However, the effects of acid rain on the hydrogeochemistry and...
Acid rain can lower the pH of groundwater and affect its hydrogeochemistry and microbial ecology. However, the effects of acid rain on the hydrogeochemistry and microbial ecology of red soil groundwater systems in southern China are poorly understood. Previous research had mainly investigated the sources and patterns of groundwater acidification, but not the microbial mechanisms that contribute to this process and their associations with hydrochemical factors. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a soil column experiment to simulate the infiltration of acid rain through various filter materials (coarse, medium, and fine sand) and to examine the hydrochemical and microbial features of the infiltrate, which can reveal how simulated acid rain (pH 3.5-7.0) alters the hydrochemistry and microbial community composition in red soil aquifers. The results showed that the pH of the leachate decreased due to simulated acid rain, and that the leaching efficiency of nitrogen and metal ions was influenced by the particle size of the filter media. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the leachate was dominated by , , , and , with accounting for 67.04-74.69% of the bacterial community and containing a high proportion of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Additionally, several genera with heavy metal tolerance, such as , , , , and , were widely distributed in the leachate, indicating the strong adaptive capacity of the microbial population. A correlation analysis between the hydrochemical factors and the microbial community structure revealed that pH was the most influential factor, followed by NO-N, Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, and others. These results indicate that acidification modifies the hydrochemical conditions of the aquifer, creating an environment that is unfavorable for microbial growth and survival. However, some microorganisms may acquire resistance genes to cope with environmental changes.
PubMed: 38312729
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08820k -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium mostly known as an organic pollutant degrading and growth-promoting microorganism. However, it recently emerged as an...
is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium mostly known as an organic pollutant degrading and growth-promoting microorganism. However, it recently emerged as an opportunistic human pathogen. To date, the source of infection is not clear. The majority of studies of have focused on environmental or clinical strains, while investigations of strains isolated from food sources are limited. In the present study, we report the case of isolation from raw bovine milk. Classical bacteriology approaches, as well as next-generation sequencing and comparative genomics, were used to characterize the features of the MR-6/3H strain. The MR-6/3H strain was resistant to 19 antimicrobials among 23 tested, including all aminoglycosides, phenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and almost all β-lactams. Phylogenetically, the MR-6/3H was close to clinical origin strains, including those previously isolated in Russia. Comparative genomics revealed the presence of putative antimicrobial resistance genes in the MR-6/3H isolate, mostly associated with efflux systems. Notably, genus-specific OXA-926-like β-lactamase was also detected. In all, 27 putative virulence factors were predicted, the majority of which were associated with motility, adherence, stress survival, siderophore synthesis, and immunomodulation. In the MR-6/3H genome, the five prophage regions were identified, including two with intact levels. Integrons and CRISPR-Cas systems were not detected in the MR-6/3H isolate. Thus, our findings suggest that raw milk can be the potential source of and transmission route for the dissemination of multidrug-resistant .
PubMed: 38239723
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1321122 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The composition of resident microbes in the human body is linked to various diseases and their treatment outcomes. Although studies have identified pancreatic ductal...
The composition of resident microbes in the human body is linked to various diseases and their treatment outcomes. Although studies have identified pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-associated bacterial communities in the oral and gut samples, herein, we hypothesize that the prevalence of microbiota in pancreatic tumor tissues is different as compared with their matched adjacent, histologically normal appearing tissues, and these microbial molecular signatures can be highly useful for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis. In this study, we performed comparative profiling of bacterial populations in pancreatic tumors and their respective adjacent normal tissues using 16S rRNA-based metagenomics analysis. This study revealed a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetota in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Interestingly, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores unambiguously revealed an enrichment of Delftia in tumor tissues, whereas Sphingomonas, Streptococcus, and Citrobacter exhibited a depletion in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we analyzed the microbial composition between different groups of patients with different tumor differentiation stages. The bacterial genera, Delftia and Staphylococcus, were very high at the G1 stages (well differentiated) compared with G2 (well to moderate/moderately differentiated) and G3/G4 (poorly differentiated) stages. However, the abundance of Actinobacter and Cloacibacterium was found to be very high in G2 and G3, respectively. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation of programmed death-ligand (PDL1) expression with the abundance of bacterial genera in tumor lesions. Our results indicated that three genera such as Streptomyces, Cutibacterium, and Delftia have a positive correlation with PD-L1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PDAC lesions harbor relatively different microbiota compared with their normal tumor adjacent tissues, and this information may be helpful for the diagnosis and prognosis of PADC patients.
PubMed: 38179448
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275374 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2023The present study was carried out to determine the seminal microbiota of boars and their correlation with sperm quality. A total of 17 ejaculates were collected from 17...
The present study was carried out to determine the seminal microbiota of boars and their correlation with sperm quality. A total of 17 ejaculates were collected from 17 Duroc boars and were classified according to sperm quality into two groups: low-quality ( = 8) and high-quality ( = 9). Each ejaculate was subjected to (i) semen evaluation, (ii) bacterial culture and MALDI-TOF identification, and (iii) 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. No difference in the total bacterial count, alpha diversity, and beta diversity between the high-quality group and the low-quality group was detected ( > 0.05). While was negatively correlated with sperm quality ( < 0.05), was positively correlated with sperm quality ( < 0.05). Lactobacillales (25.2%; LB) and Enterobacterales (10.3%; EB) were the most dominant bacteria and negatively correlated: EB = 507.3 - 0.5 × LB, R = 0.24, < 0.001. Moreover, the abundance of was negatively correlated with LB (r = -0.754, < 0.001) and positively correlated with (r = 0.533, < 0.05). was positively correlated with (r = 0.485, < 0.05), (r = 0.622, < 0.01), and (r = 0.489, < 0.05). In conclusion, seminal microbiota is significantly associated with boar semen qualities. The distributions of the most dominant bacterial genera, the differences in the abundance of small subset microbes, and their correlation appear to have far more impact than the overall seminal bacterial content (e.g., total bacterial count, alpha diversity, and beta diversity) on sperm quality.
PubMed: 38136874
DOI: 10.3390/ani13243837 -
Insects Nov 2023and are two invasive mosquitoes native to East Asia that are quickly establishing in temperate regions of Europe. Both species are vectors of arboviruses, but we...
and are two invasive mosquitoes native to East Asia that are quickly establishing in temperate regions of Europe. Both species are vectors of arboviruses, but we currently lack a clear understanding of their evolution. Here, we present new short-read, shallow genome sequencing of and individuals from northern Italy, which we used for downstream phylogenetic and barcode analyses. We explored associated microbial DNA and found high occurrences of bacteria in both samples, but neither nor We then assembled complete mitogenomes and used these data to infer divergence times estimating the split of from in the Oligocene, which was more recent than that previously reported using mitochondrial markers. We recover a younger age for most other nodes within Aedini and other Culicidae. COI barcoding and phylogenetic analyses indicate that , , and the two sampled from Europe should be considered as separate species within a monophyletic species complex. Our studies further clarify the evolution of and and indicate the need to obtain whole-genome data from putative species in order to disentangle their complex patterns of evolution.
PubMed: 38132578
DOI: 10.3390/insects14120904 -
Microbiological Research Mar 2024The bark and leaves of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) have good medicinal value. Studies show endophytes play important roles in host medicinal plant...
The bark and leaves of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) have good medicinal value. Studies show endophytes play important roles in host medicinal plant secondary metabolite synthesis, with season being a key influencing factor. Therefore, we used 16 S rRNA to detect endophytic bacteria (EB) in E. ulmoides bark and leaves collected in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, and analyzed the contents of major active components respectively. The results showed that the species diversity and richness of EB of the E. ulmoides bark were higher than those of leaves in all seasons except fall. Among them, the higher species diversity and richness were found in the E. ulmoides bark in winter and spring. EB community structure differed significantly between medicinal tissues and seasons. Concurrently, the bark and leaves of E. ulmoides showed abundant characteristic EB across seasons. For active components, geniposidic acid showed a significant positive correlation with EB diversity and richness, while the opposite was true for aucubin. Additionally, some dominant EB exhibited close correlations with the accumulation of active components. Delftia, enriched in autumn, correlated significantly positively with aucubin. Notably, the impact of the same EB genera on active components differed across medicinal tissues. For example, Sphingomonas, enriched in summer, correlated significantly positively with pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in the bark, but with aucubin in the leaves. In summary, EB of E. ulmoides was demonstrated high seasonal dynamics and tissue specificity, with seasonal characteristic EB like Delftia and Sphingomonas correlating with the accumulation of active components in medicinal tissues.
Topics: Plants, Medicinal; Seasons; Eucommiaceae; Plant Bark; Plant Leaves; Bacteria; Iridoid Glucosides
PubMed: 38103467
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127567 -
MBio Jan 2024Society uses thousands of organofluorine compounds, sometimes denoted per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in hundreds of products, but recent studies have shown...
Society uses thousands of organofluorine compounds, sometimes denoted per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in hundreds of products, but recent studies have shown some to manifest human and environmental health effects. As a class, they are recalcitrant to biodegradation, partly due to the paucity of fluorinated natural products to which microbes have been exposed. Another limit to PFAS biodegradation is the intracellular toxicity of fluoride anion generated from C-F bond cleavage. The present study identified a broader substrate specificity in an enzyme originally studied for its activity on the natural product fluoroacetate. A recombinant expressing this enzyme was used here as a model system to better understand the limits and effects of a high level of intracellular fluoride generation. A fluoride stress response has evolved in bacteria and has been described in spp. The present study is highly relevant to organofluorine compound degradation or engineered biosynthesis in which fluoride anion is a substrate.
Topics: Humans; Fluorides; Pseudomonas; Fluoroacetates; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fluorocarbons
PubMed: 38063407
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02785-23 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2024Soil is a source for diverse microbes that possess useful biotechnological capabilities. Here, we report the genome sequences of seven bacterial isolates from the...
Soil is a source for diverse microbes that possess useful biotechnological capabilities. Here, we report the genome sequences of seven bacterial isolates from the species , , , , sp., and (two isolates) cultured from Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex soil samples.
PubMed: 38038466
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00357-23