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Frontiers in Medicine 2023Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) has high incidence and mortality in patients with intra-abdominal infection (IAI). The associations between acute...
Acute gastrointestinal injury and altered gut microbiota are related to sepsis-induced cholestasis in patients with intra-abdominal infection: a retrospective and prospective observational study.
BACKGROUND
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) has high incidence and mortality in patients with intra-abdominal infection (IAI). The associations between acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI), gut microbiota, and SALD were evaluated in patients with IAI.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted to assess the relationship between AGI and SALD in patients with IAI. Patients were divided into non-SALD and sepsis-induced cholestasis () groups, which is a subtype of SALD. was defined as total bilirubin >2 mg/dL. AGI incidences between the two groups were compared using Chi-square test. Subsequently, a prospective study was conducted to investigate the gut microbiota differences between patients without SALD and those with . Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 3, and 7 after admission to analyze changes in gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing.
RESULTS
One hundred thirty-four patients with IAI were included retrospectively, with 77 SALD and 57 non-SALD cases. Among patients with SALD, 71 were diagnosed with . Patients with had a higher incidence of AGI compared to those without SALD (28.07% vs. 56.34%, < 0.05), and a severity-dependent relationship was found between AGI grade and occurrence. Subsequently, 20 patients with IAI were recruited prospectively, with 10 patients each assigned to the non-SALD and groups. Patients with had a more severe gut microbiota disorder on day 7 than those without SALD, including lower microbiota diversities, decreased abundance of and and increased abundance of and at the phylum level. Furthermore, and the two most abundant genera, were significantly higher in the group than in the non-SALD group. Functional prediction analysis showed that the top three KEGG pathways were ribosome, pyrimidine metabolism, and the two-component system. During the first week, the abundance of decreased significantly, whereas increased in the non-SALD group; however, the phyla taxa did not change significantly in the group.
CONCLUSION
There exists a severity-dependent relationship between AGI grade and occurrence in adult patients with IAI. A severe gut microbiota disorder was discovered in during the first week of the intensive care unit stay.
PubMed: 37575984
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144786 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study...
Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study aimed to explore the impact of EHS on the systemic circulatory bacterial profile and to determine the impact of a short-term low (LFOD) and high (HFOD) fermentable oligo- di- mono-saccharide and polyol dietary intervention before EHS on this profile. Using a double-blind randomized cross-over design, thirteen endurance runners ( = 8 males, = 5 females), with a history of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS), consumed a 24 h LFOD and HFOD before 2 h running at 60% V.O in 35.6 °C. Blood and fecal samples were collected pre-EHS to determine plasma microbial DNA concentration, and sample bacteria and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles by fluorometer quantification, 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing, and gas chromatography, respectively. Blood samples were also collected post-EHS to determine changes in plasma bacteria. EHS increased plasma microbial DNA similarly in both FODMAP trials (0.019 ng·μL to 0.082 ng·μL) ( < 0.01). Similar pre- to post-EHS increases in plasma (+1.6%) and (+0.6%) phyla relative abundance were observed in both FODMAP trials. This included increases in several genus ( and ) groups. LFOD presented higher fecal (74%) and lower (10%) relative abundance pre-EHS, as a result of an increase in and family and respective genus groups, compared with HFOD (64% and 25%, respectively). Pre-EHS plasma total SCFA ( = 0.040) and acetate ( = 0.036) concentrations were higher for HFOD (188 and 178 μmol·L, respectively) vs. LFOD (163 and 153 μmol·L, respectively). Pre-EHS total fecal SCFA concentration (119 and 74 μmol·g; < 0.001), including acetate (74 and 45 μmol·g; = 0.001), butyrate (22 and 13 μmol·g; = 0.002), and propionate (20 and 13 μmol·g; = 0.011), were higher on HFOD vs LFOD, respectively. EHS causes the translocation of whole bacteria into systemic circulation and alterations to the plasma bacterial profile, but the FODMAP content of a 24 h diet beforehand does not alter this outcome.
PubMed: 37571312
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153376 -
Improvement of growth, yield and associated bacteriome of rice by the application of probiotic and .Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Plant probiotic bacteria enhance growth and yield of crop plants when applied at the appropriate time and dose. Two rice probiotic bacteria, strain BRRh-4 and sp....
Plant probiotic bacteria enhance growth and yield of crop plants when applied at the appropriate time and dose. Two rice probiotic bacteria, strain BRRh-4 and sp. strain BTL-M2 promote growth and yield of plants. However, no information is available on application of these two bacteria on growth, yield, and diversity and population of bacteriome in roots and rhizosphere soils of the treated rice plants. This study aimed to assess the effect of BRRh-4 and BTL-M2 application on growth, yield and bacteriome in roots and rhizosphere soil of rice under varying doses of N, P and K fertilizers. Application of BRRh-4 and BTL-M2 strains significantly ( < 0.05) increased seed germination, growth and yield of rice compared to an untreated control. Interestingly, the grain yield of rice by these bacteria with 50% less of the recommended doses of N, P, and K fertilizers were statistically similar to or better than the rice plants treated with 100% doses of these fertilizers. Targeted amplicon (16S rRNA) sequence-based analysis revealed significant differences (PERMANOVA, = 0.00035) in alpha-diversity between the root (R) and rhizosphere soil (S) samples, showing higher diversity in the microbial ecosystem of root samples. Additionally, the bacteriome diversity in the root of rice plants that received both probiotic bacteria and chemical fertilizers were significantly higher (PERMANOVA, = 0.0312) compared to the rice plants treated with fertilizers only. Out of 185 bacterial genera detected, , an anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium, was found to be the predominant genus in both rhizosphere soil and root metagenomes. However, the relative abundance of remained two-fold higher in the rhizosphere soil metagenome (52.02%) than in the root metagenome (25.04%). The other predominant bacterial genera detected in the rice root metagenome were (11.07%), (4.06%), (3.91%), (2.97%), (2.61%), and (2.30%). On the other hand, rhizosphere soil metagenome had (12.38%), (9.50%), (5.94%), (3.40%), and (3.02%). Interestingly, we found the presence and/or abundance of specific genera of bacteria in rice associated with the application of a specific probiotic bacterium. Taken together, our results indicate that improvement of growth and yield of rice by strain BRRh-4 and sp. strain BTL-M2 is likely linked with modulation of diversity, structures, and signature of bacteriome in roots and rhizosphere soils. This study for the first time demonstrated that application of plant growth promoting bacteria significantly improve growth, yield and increase the diversity of bacterial community in rice.
PubMed: 37520368
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212505 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2023Agricultural crops are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that can constrain crop productivity. Focusing on a limited subset of key groups of organisms has...
Agricultural crops are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that can constrain crop productivity. Focusing on a limited subset of key groups of organisms has the potential to facilitate the monitoring of the functions of human-managed ecosystems. Endophytic bacteria can enhance plant stress resistance and can help plants to cope with the negative impacts of stress factors through the induction of different mechanisms, influencing plant biochemistry and physiology. In this study, we characterise endophytic bacteria isolated from different plants based on their metabolic activity and ability to synthesise 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD), the activity of hydrolytic exoenzymes, the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and iron-complexing compounds (ICC). Test GEN III MicroPlate indicated that the evaluated endophytes are highly metabolically active, and the best used substrates were amino acids, which may be important in selecting potential carrier components for bacteria in biopreparations. The ACCD activity of strain ES2 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) was the highest, whereas that of strain ZR5 (Delftia acidovorans) was the lowest. Overall, the obtained results indicated that ∼91.3% of the isolates were capable of producing at least one of the four hydrolytic enzymes. In addition, most of the tested strains produced ICC and TPC, which play a significant role in reducing stress in plants. The results of this study suggest that the tested endophytic bacterial strains can potentially be used to mitigate climate change-associated stresses in plants and to inhibit plant pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Ecosystem; Bacteria; Endophytes; Crops, Agricultural; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 37392205
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02260-4