-
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Jun 2024Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a radiation-free, portable technology, which can be used for the assessment and monitoring of osteoporosis at the... (Review)
Review
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a radiation-free, portable technology, which can be used for the assessment and monitoring of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and may facilitate wider access to axial BMD measurement compared with standard dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).There is a growing literature demonstrating a strong correlation between DXA and REMS measures of BMD and further work supporting 5-year prediction of fracture using the REMS Fragility Score, which provides a measure of bone quality (in addition to the quantitative measure of BMD).The non-ionising radiation emitted by REMS allows it to be used in previously underserved populations including pregnant women and children and may facilitate more frequent measurement of BMD.The portability of the device means that it can be deployed to measure BMD for frail patients at the bedside (avoiding the complications in transfer and positioning which can occur with DXA), in primary care, the emergency department, low-resource settings and even at home.The current evidence base supports the technology as a useful tool in the management of osteoporosis as an alternative to DXA.
Topics: Humans; Osteoporosis; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Lumbar Vertebrae; Femur Neck; Female; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 38904870
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02784-w -
BMC Medical Imaging Jun 2024Osteoporosis (OP) is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mineral content and microstructural damage, leading to increased fracture...
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mineral content and microstructural damage, leading to increased fracture risk. Traditional methods for measuring bone density have limitations in accurately distinguishing vertebral bodies and are influenced by vertebral degeneration and surrounding tissues. Therefore, novel methods are needed to quantitatively assess changes in bone density and improve the accurate diagnosis of OP.
METHODS
This study aimed to explore the applicative value of the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation-iron (IDEAL-IQ) sequence combined with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Data from 135 patients undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), IDEAL-IQ, and IVIM-DWI were prospectively collected and analyzed. Various parameters obtained from IVIM-DWI and IDEAL-IQ sequences were compared, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups for FF, R2*, f, D, DDC values, and BMD values. FF and f values exhibited negative correlations with BMD values, with r=-0.313 and - 0.274, respectively, while R2*, D, and DDC values showed positive correlations with BMD values, with r = 0.327, 0.532, and 0.390, respectively. Among these parameters, D demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy for osteoporosis (AUC = 0.826), followed by FF (AUC = 0.713). D* exhibited the lowest diagnostic performance for distinguishing the osteoporosis group from the other two groups. Only D showed a significant difference between genders. The AUCs for IDEAL-IQ, IVIM-DWI, and their combination were 0.74, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
IDEAL-IQ combined with IVIM-DWI provides valuable information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and offers evidence for clinical decisions. The superior diagnostic performance of IVIM-DWI, particularly the D value, suggests its potential as a more sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis compared to IDEAL-IQ. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced imaging techniques into clinical practice for improved osteoporosis management and highlight the need for further research to explore the full clinical implications of these imaging modalities.
Topics: Humans; Female; Osteoporosis; Male; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Aged; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Prospective Studies; Least-Squares Analysis; Adult; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38902641
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01326-0 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2024We aimed to verify the prevalence of body composition phenotypes and the association of glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers with such phenotypes. This is a...
We aimed to verify the prevalence of body composition phenotypes and the association of glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers with such phenotypes. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, with 720 participants aged 20 to 59 years. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body fat percentage ≥ 25% in males and ≥ 32% in females and sarcopenia by appendicular muscle mass index < 7.0kg/m2 in males and < 5.5kg/m2 in females. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and SO were 62.5%, 4.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. The association between biomarkers and phenotypes was verified using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. The models showed that increased glycemia (OR = 3.39; 95%CI: 1.83-6.27), total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.35-3.70), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), VLDL-c (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.03), triglycerides (Tg) (OR = 3.66; 95%CI: 2.20-6.06), and decreased HDL-c (OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98) were significantly associated with the obesity phenotype. Increased HOMA-IR (OR = 3.94; 95%CI: 1.69-9.21), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), and hs-CRP (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.04-5.66) were independently associated with SO phenotype. Our findings indicate that increased glycemia, TC, Tg, LDL-c, VLDL-c, non-HDL-c, and decreased HDL-c may be indicators of the obesity phenotype and that increased hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c appear to be indicators of the SO phenotype. Those parameters may be used as additional markers for screening.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Biomarkers; Phenotype; Obesity; Prevalence; Body Composition; Young Adult; Blood Glucose; Lipids; Absorptiometry, Photon; Sarcopenia; Brazil; Body Mass Index; Inflammation
PubMed: 38896593
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XEN109823 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2024Low bone mass density (BMD) is an extraintestinal finding in celiac disease (CD). This may result in bone fractures leading to loss in quality of life.
BACKGROUND
Low bone mass density (BMD) is an extraintestinal finding in celiac disease (CD). This may result in bone fractures leading to loss in quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
To assess BMD in male CD patients at diagnosis according to the patient's age.
METHODS
Descriptive retrospective carried out during the period between 2013 and 2023 in a single office that studied dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results in 28 male patients with a recent diagnosis of CD, divided into three groups: group 1 (age up to 18 years); group 2 (from 19 to 49 years of age) and group 3 (over 50 years of age). Were studied demographic and anthropometric parameters, time delay between symptoms onset and CD diagnosis and fracture occurrence.
RESULTS
Celiac patients studied had median age 36.0 years (IQR=16.5-50.7). Among them, 39.3% had osteopenia and 14.3% had osteoporosis. Only 36% of the sample had normal DXA values (group 1 with 37.5%; group 2 with 46% and group 3 with 14.2%). No pathological fracture was observed in this sample. CD diagnosis delay observed had median 1.0 year (IQR=1.0-4.7). When the number of individuals with normal and abnormal DXA results were compared, there was no difference in body mass index, time of diagnosis delay or Marsh classification (P=0.18).
CONCLUSION
Male patients at the time of CD diagnosis showed a high prevalence of low BMD, which was particularly evident in individuals over 50 years of age.
Topics: Humans; Male; Celiac Disease; Adult; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Young Adult; Adolescent; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Brazil; Age Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38896576
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.24612024-005 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2024Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and mortality. Low vitamin D status is also more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls and has been related to lower lung function, muscle atrophy and impaired musculoskeletal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and status with body composition (BC), as well as with its changes over time.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with COPD and controls without COPD, participating in the Individualized COPD Evaluation in relation to Ageing (ICE-Age) study, a prospective observational study, were included. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at baseline and BC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, at baseline and after two years of follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and longitudinal changes in BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mas index (FMI) and bone mineral density (BMD).
RESULTS
A total of 192 patients with COPD (57% males, mean ± SD age, 62 ± 7, FEV1, 49 ± 16% predicted) and 199 controls (45% males, mean ± SD age 61 ± 7) were included in this study. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with COPD (64 ± 26 nmol/L, 95% CI 60-68 nmol/L versus 75 ± 25 nmol/L, 95% CI 72-79 nmol/L) compared to controls. Both patients and controls presented a significant decline in FFMI and T-score hip, but vitamin D level or status did not determine differences in BC or changes in BC over time in either COPD or controls.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D status was not associated with BC or longitudinal changes in BC. However, vitamin D insufficiency and low BMD were more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Aged; Bone Density; Vitamin D Deficiency; Body Composition; Absorptiometry, Photon; Time Factors; Lung; Case-Control Studies; Biomarkers; Longitudinal Studies; Linear Models; Risk Factors; Forced Expiratory Volume; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38895044
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S458102 -
Nutrients May 2024Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body...
Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-32.4) kg/m and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0-54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5-677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0-1007.0) g; < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.004; < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
Topics: Humans; Female; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcopenia; Absorptiometry, Photon; Obesity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Risk Factors; Overweight
PubMed: 38892578
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111645 -
Nutrients May 2024This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with...
This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with bone mineral density and biochemical and nutritional parameters in Chilean adults with overweight/obesity and normal weight from La Araucanía region, Chile. A case-control study was conducted with 116 adults and volunteers from the PURE cohort, collecting sociodemographic data, BMI assessment, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition using the pentacompartmental model (5CM) and tricompartmental model (3CM) by DXA, as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Blood biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile), physical activity (PA) measured by GPAQ, and average dietary habits (R24h) were measured. In the overweight/obesity group, the 5CM and 3CM adipose mass were indirectly and moderately correlated with PA ( < 0.05), except in the male 5CM group. In the overweight/obesity group, muscle and fat-free mass (FFM) of the 5CM and 3CM correlated directly and moderately with blood fasting glucose (BFG) and BMD ( < 0.05), except in females, where FFM was not related to BMD but was related to residual mass ( < 0.01). Independent of gender and BMI, bone mineral content was positively and highly correlated with BMD ( < 0.0000). In the male overweight/obesity group, bone, skin, and residual mass were correlated with BFG ( < 0.05). In conclusion, for the assessment of non-athletic adult populations, more routine use of the 5CM in clinical practice is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Male; Female; Chile; Adult; Body Composition; Obesity; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Overweight; Nutritional Status; Absorptiometry, Photon; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Exercise
PubMed: 38892493
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111559 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators.
METHOD
We retrospectively enrolled patients over 50 years of age who had been subjected to surgery for fragility OVCF at China Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. Demographic characteristics, T-score based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) value, vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and the rate of fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were collected. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched, fracture-free control group was established from patients admitted to our hospital for lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar disk herniation.
RESULTS
A total of 78 patients with lumbar fragility OVCF were included. All the five indicators were significantly correlated with the occurrence of OVCFs. Logistic regression analysis showed that average HU value and VBQ score were significantly correlated with OVCF. The area under the curve (AUC) of VBQ score was the largest (0.89). There was a significantly positive correlation between average T-score, average HU value and average total rCSA. VBQ score was significantly positive correlated with FI.
CONCLUSION
VBQ score and HU value has good value in predicting of fragility OVCF. In addition to bone mineral density, we should pay more attention to bone quality, including the fatty signal intensity in bone and the FI in paraspinal muscle.
Topics: Humans; Male; Paraspinal Muscles; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Spinal Fractures; Osteoporotic Fractures; Fractures, Compression; Case-Control Studies; Bone Density; Lumbar Vertebrae; Absorptiometry, Photon; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38879486
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07587-8 -
Revista Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica... Jun 2024Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF)....
Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF). Although radiography is the first diagnostic technique, generally is not accurate for depicting demineralization and soft tissue lesions. Magnetic resonance (MRI) is the diagnostic vertebral deformities without edema and older age. Among the most relevant findings for diagnosis MVF are soft tissue mass and pedicle intensity signal asymmetries. However, reproducibility of these findings in clinical practice is moderate.
PubMed: 38878884
DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.06.007 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Jun 2024Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients... (Review)
Review
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients with IBD (high regional variability). Besides disease activity, IBD specialists must consider possible side effects of medication and the presence of associated diseases and extraintestinal manifestations. Osteopenia and osteoporosis remain frequent problems in patients with IBD and are often underestimated because of widely differing screening and treatment practices. Malnutrition, chronic intestinal inflammation and corticosteroid intake are the major pathophysiological factors contributing to osteoporosis. Patients with IBD are screened for osteoporosis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is recommended for all patients with a prolonged disease course of more than three months, with repeated corticosteroid administration, aged >40 years with a high FRAX risk score or aged <40 years with multiple risk factors. From a therapeutic perspective, besides good disease control, vitamin D supplementation and glucocorticoid sparing, several specific osteological options are available: bisphosphonates, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (denosumab), parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues and selective estrogen receptor modulators. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IBD-associated bone loss.
Topics: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Absorptiometry, Photon; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates
PubMed: 38875461
DOI: 10.57187/s.3407