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BMC Pediatrics Apr 2024Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the...
BACKGROUND
Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and indirectly (via myokines). However, there have been no studies analyzing the longitudinal influence of engaging in sport with and without added mechanical load. Thus, this study aims to analyze the combined effects of sports participation and resistance training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent athletes participating in swimming and impact sports for 12-months.
METHODS
This was a 12-month longitudinal study. The sample comprised 91 adolescents (21 females) aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in impact sports (basketball, tennis, track & field, baseball and gymnastics, n = 66) and non-impact sport (swimming, n = 25). The sample was divided according to resistance training participation: impact sports only (n = 45), impact sports + resistance training (n = 21), swimming-only (n = 17) and swimming + resistance training (n = 8). aBMD and soft tissues were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models analysis was used for the resistance training (RT) x type of sport interaction in predicting aBMD changes overtime, adjusting for maturation, sex and baseline aBMD.
RESULTS
After 12-months, all groups showed a significant increase in aBMD, except for the swimming groups (regardless of resistant training), which showed a significant loss in spine aBMD (-0.045 [-0.085 to -0.004] g/cm in swimming-only and - 0.047 [-0.073 to -0.021] g/cm in swimming + RT). In comparisons between groups, only swimming + RT group, compared with swimming-only group presented higher upper limbs aBMD (0.096 g/cm [0.074 to 0.118] in swimming + RT vs. 0.046 [0.032 to 0.060] g/cm in swimming only; p < 0.05) and whole body less head (WBLH) aBMD (0.039 [0.024 to 0.054] g/cm2 in swimming + RT vs. 0.017 [0.007 to 0.027] g/cm swimming-only; p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Despite the significant gain in aBMD in all groups and body sites after 12-months, except for the spine site of swimmers, the results indicate that participation in RT seems to improve aBMD accrual in swimmers at the upper limbs and WBLH.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Swimming; Resistance Training; Longitudinal Studies; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Development
PubMed: 38594697
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04634-0 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low femoral and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with arthrogryposis multiplex...
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low femoral and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of adults with AMC who were enrolled in the French Reference Center for AMC and in the Pediatric and Adult Registry for Arthrogryposis (PARART, NCT05673265). Patients who had undergone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and/or vitamin D testing were included in the analysis. Fifty-one patients (mean age, 32.9 ± 12.6 years) were included; 46 had undergone DXA. Thirty-two (32/51, 62.7%) patients had Amyoplasia, and 19 (19/51, 37.3%) had other types of AMC (18 distal arthrogryposis, 1 Larsen). Six patients (6/42, 14.3%) had a lumbar BMD Z score less than - 2. The mean lumbar spine Z score (- 0.03 ± 1.6) was not significantly lower than the expected BMD Z score in the general population. Nine (9/40, 22.5%) and 10 (10/40, 25.0%) patients had femoral neck and total hip BMD Z scores less than - 2, respectively. The mean femoral neck (- 1.1 ± 1.1) and total hip (- 1.2 ± 1.2) BMD Z scores in patients with AMC were significantly lower than expected in the general population (p < 0.001). Femoral neck BMD correlated with height (rs = 0.39, p = 0.01), age (rs = - 0.315, p = 0.48); total hip BMD correlated with height (rs = 0.331, p = 0.04) and calcium levels (rs = 0.41, p = 0.04). Twenty-five patients (25/51, 49.0%) reported 39 fractures. Thirty-one (31/36, 86.1%) patients had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 75 nmol/l, and 6 (6/36, 16.7%) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 75 nmol/l. Adults with AMC had lower hip BMD than expected for their age, and they more frequently showed vitamin D insufficiency. Screening for low BMD by DXA and adding vitamin D supplementation when vitamin D status is insufficient should be considered in adults with AMC, especially if there is a history of falls or fractures.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Abnormalities, Multiple; Absorptiometry, Photon; Arthrogryposis; Bone Density; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D
PubMed: 38589451
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58083-x -
Journal of Diabetes Apr 2024Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bone mineral density (BMD) is linked to CVD, but most studies focused on...
BACKGROUND
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bone mineral density (BMD) is linked to CVD, but most studies focused on women. Our analysis aims to explore the association of BMD and fracture with the prevalence of CVD in men with T2DM.
METHODS
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 856 men with T2DM were enrolled. BMDs at the lumbar spine (L2-4), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The CVD outcome was determined as the sum of the following conditions: congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, the requirement for coronary artery revascularization, and stroke. The relationship between BMDs and CVD was investigated by restricted cubic spline curves and logistic regression models.
RESULTS
A total of 163 (19.0%) patients developed CVD. The restricted cubic spline curve revealed a linear and negative association between FN-BMD, TH-BMD, and CVD. After full adjustments for confounding covariates, the odds ratios were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11-1.61], p < .05), 1.3 (95% CI [1.05-1.60], p < .05), and 1.26 (95% CI [1.02-1.55], p < .05) for each 1-SD decrease in BMDs of L2-4, FN and TH, respectively. T-scores of < -1 for BMD of L2-4 and FN were independently associated with CVD (p < .05). Subgroup analyses further supported our findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of CVD was inversely correlated with BMD levels in men with T2DM, particularly at the FN. We hypothesized that monitoring FN-BMD and early intervention would help reduce CVD risk in men with T2DM, especially those with hypertension.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; Absorptiometry, Photon; Fractures, Bone
PubMed: 38584151
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13530 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Apr 2024Osteopenia and osteoporosis are posing a long-term influence on the aging population's health contributing to a higher risk of mortality, loss of autonomy,...
BACKGROUND
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are posing a long-term influence on the aging population's health contributing to a higher risk of mortality, loss of autonomy, hospitalization, and huge health system costs and social burden. Therefore, more pertinent data are needed to demonstrate the current state of osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVE
This sampling survey seeks to assess the trends in the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in a Chinese Han population.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study involving 16,377 participants used a multistage sampling method. Bone mineral density was measured using the quantitative ultrasonic densitometry. Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to test the difference between normally and nonnormally distributed quantitative variables between male and female participants. A chi-square (χ) test was used to compare categorized variables. Stratified analysis was conducted to describe the prevalence rates of osteoporosis (T score ≤-2.5) and osteopenia (T score -2.5 to -1.0) across age, sex, calcium intake, and menopause. A direct standardization method was used to calculate the age-standardized prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia. T-score was further categorized into quartiles (T1-T4) by age- and sex-specified groups.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 40.5% (6633/16,377) and 7.93% (1299/16,377), respectively, and the age-standardized prevalence rates were 27.32% (287,877,129.4/1,053,861,940) and 3.51% (36,974,582.3/1,053,861,940), respectively. There was an increase in osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence from 21.47% (120/559) to 56.23% (754/1341) and 0.89% (5/559) to 17.23% (231/1341), respectively, as age increased from 18 years to 75 years old. The prevalence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis were significantly higher in female participants (4238/9645, 43.94% and 1130/9645, 11.72%) than in male participants (2395/6732, 35.58% and 169/6732, 2.51%; P<.001), and in postmenopausal female participants (3638/7493, 48.55% and 1053/7493, 14.05%) than in premenopausal female participants (538/2026, 26.55% and 53/2026, 2.62%; P<.001). In addition, female participants with a history of calcium intake had a lower osteoporosis prevalence rate than female participants without any history of calcium intake in all age groups (P=.004). From low quartile to high quartile of T-score, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (752/4037, 18.63%; 779/4029, 19.33%; 769/3894, 19.75%; and 869/3879, 22.4%) and dyslipidemia (2228/4036, 55.2%; 2304/4027, 57.21%; 2306/3891, 59.26%; and 2379/3878, 61.35%) were linearly increased (P<.001), while the prevalence of cancer (112/4037, 2.77%; 110/4029, 2.73%; 103/3894, 2.65%; and 77/3879, 1.99%) was decreased (P=.03).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data imply that as people age, osteopenia and osteoporosis are more common in females than in males, particularly in postmenopausal females than in premenopausal females, and bone mineral density significantly affects the prevalence of chronic diseases. These findings offer information that can be applied to intervention programs meant to prevent or lessen the burden of osteoporosis in China.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Adolescent; Calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Age Factors
PubMed: 38578689
DOI: 10.2196/48947 -
Cureus Mar 2024Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is effective in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Radiographic evaluation, standard in THA planning, is sufficient in...
Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is effective in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Radiographic evaluation, standard in THA planning, is sufficient in examining hip anatomy, although it may not precisely assess bone quality. A routinely implemented method in bone quality assessment is densitometry. The technique allows for a measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). Methodology In the study, we included 26 participants who qualified for THA. All the patients were preoperatively examined with radiographs and densitometry of the affected hip. On the preoperative anteroposterior radiograph, we measured the canal-to-calcar isthmus ratio (CC ratio) and the cortical index (CI). Intraoperatively, during the THA procedure, we measured the thickness of the cortical bone and the diameter of the femoral neck in the line of neck resection. Results The examination with Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that BMD significantly positively correlates with the intraoperatively measured diameter of the femoral neck (= 0.5, = 0.009), and with the measured thickness of the cortical bone (= 0.47, = 0.015), CI significantly positively correlates with the intraoperatively measured diameter of the femoral neck (= 0.6, = 0.001), and with the CC ratio (= 0.44, = 0.024), the intraoperatively measured diameter of the femoral neck significantly positively correlates with the intraoperatively measured thickness of the cortical bone (= 0.59, = 0.001). All of the other correlations were not statistically significant. Conclusions BMD measurements can be used in THA planning as they positively correlate with intraoperative measurements. The radiological parameters (CC ratio and CI) may not be as precise in bone quality assessment.
PubMed: 38571835
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55480 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2024To evaluate the possible association between thyroid function within the euthyroid range and musculoskeletal parameters as well as body composition in a sample of...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the possible association between thyroid function within the euthyroid range and musculoskeletal parameters as well as body composition in a sample of postmenopausal women.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 96 postmenopausal women with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the normal laboratory reference range. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical/hormonal assessment. Bone status and body composition were measured using Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) index.
RESULTS
Serum TSH correlated with handgrip strength (HGS, r-coefficient = 0.233, = .025), and total body bone mineral density (BMD) T-score values (r-coefficient = 0.321, = .003). HGS measures were associated with BMD (r-coefficient = 0.415, < .001), with bone mineral content (BMC, r-coefficient = 0.427, < .001), and lean mass (r-coefficient = 0.326, = .003). Women with low muscle strength, defined as HGS < 16 kg, had lower TSH levels than women with normal muscle strength (low normal muscle strength, ANCOVA 1.13 ± 0.49 mU/L 1.60 ± 0.83 mU/L, = 0.024) independently of age, BMD, percentage of body fat or absolute lean mass. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that HGS values were associated with TSH measurements (β-coefficient = 0.246, = .014) and BMD T-score values (β-coefficient = 0.306, = .002). All models were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, current smoking, physical activity, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
In this sample of postmenopausal women, lower serum TSH values, within normal range, were associated with lower muscle strength compared to higher normal TSH values. Further research is needed to elucidate the significance of our preliminary findings.
Topics: Humans; Female; Thyrotropin; Reference Values; Pilot Projects; Postmenopause; Hand Strength; Cross-Sectional Studies; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Body Composition
PubMed: 38567465
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2333432 -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Jul 2024We aimed to provide long-term bone mineral density (BMD) data on early breast cancer patients of the BREX (Breast Cancer and Exercise) study. The effects of exercise and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
We aimed to provide long-term bone mineral density (BMD) data on early breast cancer patients of the BREX (Breast Cancer and Exercise) study. The effects of exercise and adjuvant endocrine treatment 10 years after randomization were analyzed, with special emphasis on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy discontinuation at 5 years.
METHODS
The BREX study randomized 573 pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients into a 1-year supervised exercise program or a control group. 372 patients were included into the current follow-up analysis. BMD (g/cm) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar spine (LS), left femoral neck (FN), and the total hip. Separate groups were displayed according to baseline menopausal status, and whether the patient had discontinued AI therapy at 5 years or not.
RESULTS
The BMD change from 5 to 10 years did not significantly differ between the two randomized arms. AI discontinuation at 5 years had statistically significant BMD effects. The FN BMD continued to decrease in patients who discontinued AI therapy during the first 5-year off-treatment, but the decrease was three-fold less than in patients without AI withdrawal (- 1.4% v. - 3.8%). The LS BMD increased (+ 2.6%) in patients with AI withdrawal during the first 5 years following treatment discontinuation, while a BMD decrease (-1.3%) was seen in patients without AI withdrawal.
CONCLUSION
This study is to our knowledge the first to quantify the long-term impact of AI withdrawal on BMD. Bone loss associated with AI therapy seems partially reversible after stopping treatment.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov/ (Identifier Number NCT00639210).
Topics: Humans; Female; Bone Density; Breast Neoplasms; Aromatase Inhibitors; Middle Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Adult; Aged; Absorptiometry, Photon; Postmenopause
PubMed: 38561578
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07252-7 -
Acta Diabetologica Jul 2024To explore the correlation between visceral adipose tissue and albuminuria, and whether there is interaction between visceral adipose tissue and diabetes on albuminuria.
AIMS
To explore the correlation between visceral adipose tissue and albuminuria, and whether there is interaction between visceral adipose tissue and diabetes on albuminuria.
METHODS
The study subjects were adult subjects (age ≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database of the USA in 2017-2018. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects were divided into three groups according to VFA: low (VFA 0-60cm), medium (VFA 60-120 cm) and high (VFA ≥ 120 cm). Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. The statistical analysis software used is STATA 17.0.
RESULTS
Data pertaining to 2965 participants (2706 without albuminuria) were included in the analysis. High VFA is an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 1.367, 95% CI 1.023-1.827). In the low-VFA group, there is no significant association between diabetes and albuminuria (OR 1.415, 95% CI 0.145-13.849). In the medium-VFA group, diabetes is an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 2.217, 95% CI 1.095-4.488). In the high-VFA group, diabetes is also an independent risk factor for albuminuria (OR 5.150, 95% CI 3.150-8.421). There is an additive interaction between high VFA (VFA ≥ 120 cm) and diabetes on the effect of albuminuria (RERI 3.757, 95% CI 0.927-6.587, p = 0.009), while no multiplication interaction (OR 1.881, 95% CI 0.997-1.023, p = 0.141).
CONCLUSIONS
High VFA may represent an independent risk factor for albuminuria. The amount of visceral fat may affect the effect of diabetes on albuminuria. The higher the visceral fat, the stronger the correlation between diabetes and albuminuria should be present. We suppose an additive interaction between VFA and diabetes on the effect of albuminuria.
Topics: Humans; Albuminuria; Male; Female; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Middle Aged; Adult; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrition Surveys; Adiposity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 38558152
DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02271-8 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2024Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience premature aging. Whether accelerated aging involves changes in body composition parameters and is associated with early...
BACKGROUND
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience premature aging. Whether accelerated aging involves changes in body composition parameters and is associated with early development of sarcopenia is unclear.
AIMS
To compare parameters of body composition and the prevalence of sarcopenia between adults with DS and the general population.
METHODS
Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FMI) and skeletal mass indices (SMI) were calculated as the ratio between total body fat mass and appendicular lean mass and the square of height, respectively. Fat mass distribution was assessed by the android/gynoid fat ratio (A/G). Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria and cut-points recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Data on age- and sex-matched non-DS controls were retrieved from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
RESULTS
Sixty-four DS adults (mean age 37.2 ± 12.0 years, 20.3% women) were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched NHANES participants (n = 256), in a 1:4 ratio. FMI (7.96 ± 3.18 kg/m vs. 8.92 ± 4.83 kg/m, p = 0.135), SMI (7.38 ± 1.01 kg/m vs. 7.46 ± 2.77 kg/m, p = 0.825) and A/G (0.98 ± 0.17 vs. 1.01 ± 0.22, p = 0.115) were not significantly different between DS and control participants. When the sample was stratified by sex, women with DS had a higher FMI compared with their NHANES controls (10.16 ± 4.35 kg/m vs. 8.11 ± 4.29 kg/m, p < 0.001), while men with DS had lower A/G ratio (1.04 ± 0.16 vs. 1.11 ± 0.22, p = 0.002). Sarcopenia was more frequent in individuals with DS than in controls (35.6% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.007). This association was stronger in men 40 years and older.
CONCLUSIONS
Adults with DS have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared with the general population. This finding suggests that DS is associated with early muscle aging and calls for the design of interventions targeting the skeletal muscle to prevent or treat sarcopenia.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Sarcopenia; Nutrition Surveys; Case-Control Studies; Down Syndrome; Body Mass Index; Body Composition; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 38551714
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02680-9 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional data analysis of the alveolar bone mineral density (al-BMD) in 225 patients of various ages and different sexes. The al-BMD...
This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional data analysis of the alveolar bone mineral density (al-BMD) in 225 patients of various ages and different sexes. The al-BMD value in the mandibular incisor region was calculated using a computer-aided measurement system (DentalSCOPE) for intraoral radiography. All participants with intact teeth (101 males and 124 females; age range, 25-89 years) were divided into three age-segregated groups (25-49, 50-74, and > 75 years). Statistical differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis test. Males exhibited significantly greater al-BMD than females (p < 0.001). The highest means were observed in the 25-49 age group, regardless of sex (1007.90 mg/cm in males, 910.90 mg/cm in females). A 9.8% decrease in al-BMD was observed with the increase in age in males (25-49 to 50-74 years; p = 0.004); however, no further changes were seen thereafter. In females, a decreasing trend was seen throughout the lifespan, with values reaching up to 76.0% of the initial peak value (p < 0.001). Similar to other skeletal sites, the alveolar bone exhibits sex differences and undergoes a reduction in BMD via the normal aging process.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Sex Characteristics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Radiography; Computers; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 38548856
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57805-5