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Scientific Reports Jun 2024Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease that is associated with inflammatory pathological mechanism. Nonetheless, rare studies have investigated the diagnostic...
Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease that is associated with inflammatory pathological mechanism. Nonetheless, rare studies have investigated the diagnostic effectiveness of immune-inflammation index in the male population. Therefore, it is interesting to achieve early diagnosis of OP in male population based on the inflammatory makers from blood routine examination. We developed a prediction model based on a training dataset of 826 Chinese male patients through a retrospective study, and the data was collected from January 2022 to May 2023. All participants underwent the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) and blood routine examination. Inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was calculated and recorded. We utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to optimize feature selection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the LASSO model. This predictive model was displayed as a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate model performance. Internal validation was test by the bootstrapping method. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ethic No. JY2023012) and conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The predictive factors included in the prediction model were age, BMI, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neuropathy, thyroid diseases, fracture history, SII, PLR, C-reactive protein (CRP). The model displayed well discrimination with a C-index of 0.822 (95% confidence interval: 0.798-0.846) and good calibration. Internal validation showed a high C-index value of 0.805. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that when the threshold probability was between 3 and 76%, the nomogram had a good clinical value. This nomogram can effectively predict the incidence of OP in male population based on SII and PLR, which would help clinicians rapidly and conveniently diagnose OP with men in the future.
Topics: Humans; Male; Osteoporosis; Nomograms; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Inflammation; China; Risk Factors; Biomarkers; Absorptiometry, Photon; ROC Curve; Adult; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38825605
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63193-7 -
BMC Ophthalmology May 2024Standardized corneal densitometry (CD) values in large samples of healthy Chinese individuals are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine the standard CD values using a... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Standardized corneal densitometry (CD) values in large samples of healthy Chinese individuals are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine the standard CD values using a Scheimpflug camera in healthy corneas, investigate the correlations of sex, age, and ocular parameters with corneal density, and explore the impact of corneal density on the forward scattering and optical quality of the eye.
METHODS
This retrospective observational study involved 990 healthy Chinese individuals, including 494 males and 496 females (mean age: 23.88 ± 6.90 years). The CD values at various depths and radial areas of 0-12 mm were measured using a Scheimpflug camera. Densitometric measurements were expressed in standardized grayscale units (GSU). The optical scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff values (MTF), and Strehl's ratio (SR) were also determined using an optical quality analysis system.
RESULTS
The average CD within a 12 mm diameter area was 16.26 ± 1.35 GSU. The highest and lowest optical densities at different depths were observed in the anterior (21.41 ± 2.16 GSU) and posterior (12.00 ± 1.01 GSU) layers, respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, the maximum and minimum optical densities at different radial areas were observed in the 10-12 mm (14.09 ± 0.93 GSU) and 2-6 mm (25.93 ± 4.77 GSU) circles, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average CD within a 12 mm diameter area between males and females (P > 0.05). However, upon adjusting for age, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter, and axial length, females exhibited a greater average CD within the 12 mm diameter and in the 6-10 mm and 10-12 mm circles than males. Age-related changes in CD were evident, except in the 2-6 mm circle. CCT, corneal curvature, WTW corneal diameter, and partial depth correlated with CD in the radial area, and CD in different areas correlated with the OSI, MTF, and SR (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the normative CD measurement data of Chinese adults with healthy corneas, emphasizing the significance of sex, age, CCT, corneal curvature, and WTW corneal diameter in CD evaluation. Notably, elevated CD can lead to increased forward scattering within the eye, thereby affecting the optical quality.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Cornea; Adult; Densitometry; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Middle Aged; China; Adolescent; Sex Factors; Reference Values; Age Factors; Healthy Volunteers; Aged; Asian People; East Asian People
PubMed: 38822272
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03500-y -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024There are no current guidelines to help clinicians decide whether patients with adult neuromuscular disease (NMD) should be screened or treated for osteoporosis (OP)....
BACKGROUND/AIM
There are no current guidelines to help clinicians decide whether patients with adult neuromuscular disease (NMD) should be screened or treated for osteoporosis (OP). This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of OP in patients with various types of NMD and to examine the relationship between OP evaluation parameters and functional status, daily living activities, balance, and ambulation levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 45 patients with NMDs. The patients were divided into 3 groups, depending on the affected component of the motor unit (neuronopathy group, neuropathy group, and myopathy group). The laboratory and demographic data were recorded from patient files. Functional level, pain, muscular strength, balance, and daily living activity scores were evaluated. The presence of OP was quantified using bone densitometry, fracture history, and biochemical parameters. Clinical findings were correlated with laboratory and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) findings.
RESULTS
The mean hip T-score was -1.20, and the mean lumbar spine (L1-L4) T-score was -0.95 in all groups. Six patients with T-score values of -2.5 or below were detected. Vitamin D level was found to be low in all patient groups, especially in the myopathy group, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between hip T-score and the frequency of falling (r = -0.604, p = 0.022), while a positive correlation was found between hip T-score and the age at which independent walking was no longer possible (r = 0.900, p = 0.037).
CONCLUSION
OP is often overlooked in NMD patients with neurological problems and a high risk of falling. These patients should be screened for bone health and fragility.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Osteoporosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neuromuscular Diseases; Middle Aged; Adult; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Activities of Daily Living; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 38812650
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5794 -
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision... May 2024Diabetes is a chronic condition that can result in many long-term physiological, metabolic, and neurological complications. Therefore, early detection of diabetes would...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a chronic condition that can result in many long-term physiological, metabolic, and neurological complications. Therefore, early detection of diabetes would help to determine a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
METHODS
In this study, we employed machine learning (ML) based case-control study on a diabetic cohort size of 1000 participants form Qatar Biobank to predict diabetes using clinical and bone health indicators from Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) machines. ML models were utilized to distinguish diabetes groups from non-diabetes controls. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was leveraged to identify a subset of features to improve the performance of model. SHAP based analysis was used for the importance of features and support the explainability of the proposed model.
RESULTS
Ensemble based models XGboost and RF achieved over 84% accuracy for detecting diabetes. After applying RFE, we selected only 20 features which improved the model accuracy to 87.2%. From a clinical standpoint, higher HDL-Cholesterol and Neutrophil levels were observed in the diabetic group, along with lower vitamin B12 and testosterone levels. Lower sodium levels were found in diabetics, potentially stemming from clinical factors including specific medications, hormonal imbalances, unmanaged diabetes. We believe Dapagliflozin prescriptions in Qatar were associated with decreased Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase enzyme levels, confirming prior research. We observed that bone area, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density were slightly lower in the Diabetes group across almost all body parts, but the difference against the control group was not statistically significant except in T12, troch and trunk area. No significant negative impact of diabetes progression on bone health was observed over a period of 5-15 yrs in the cohort.
CONCLUSION
This study recommends the inclusion of ML model which combines both DXA and clinical data for the early diagnosis of diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Machine Learning; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Middle Aged; Male; Case-Control Studies; Female; Absorptiometry, Photon; Qatar; Adult; Aged; Bone Density
PubMed: 38811939
DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02540-0 -
Advances in Pharmacological and... 2024Human cognition fundamentally depends on memory. Alzheimer's disease exhibits a strong correlation with a decline in this factor. Phosphodiesterase-4 B (PDE4B) plays a...
Human cognition fundamentally depends on memory. Alzheimer's disease exhibits a strong correlation with a decline in this factor. Phosphodiesterase-4 B (PDE4B) plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders, and its inhibition is one of the promising approaches for memory enhancement. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts and identify their molecular interaction with PDE4B by and experiments. Crushed white cabbage and red onion were macerated separately with ethanol to yield respective extracts, and ground coffee was boiled with water to produce aqueous extract. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry was used to examine the phytochemicals present in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts. Molecular docking studies were performed to know the interaction of test compounds with PDE4B. TLC-densitometry analysis showed that chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected as major compounds in coffee and red onion extracts, respectively. studies revealed that alpha-tocopherol (binding free energy (∆) = -38.00 kcal/mol) has the strongest interaction with PDE4B whereas chlorogenic acid (∆ = -21.50 kcal/mol) and quercetin (∆ = -17.25 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate interaction. assay showed that the combination extracts (cabbage, coffee, and red onion) had a stronger activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) = 0.12 ± 0.03 M) than combination standards (sinigrin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin) (IC = 0.17 ± 0.03 M) and rolipram (IC = 0.15 ± 0.008 M). Thus, the combination extracts are a promising cognitive enhancer by blocking PDE4B activity.
PubMed: 38808119
DOI: 10.1155/2024/1230239 -
Nutrients May 2024Although malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with heart failure (HF), this diagnosis should be performed carefully since HF itself is associated with...
Differences in the Evaluation of Malnutrition and Body Composition Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Nutritional Ultrasound, and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Patients with Heart Failure.
BACKGROUND
Although malnutrition is frequently observed in patients with heart failure (HF), this diagnosis should be performed carefully since HF itself is associated with increased inflammatory activity, which affects body weight, functionality, and some nutritional parameters; thus, its isolated interpretation can erroneously identify surrogate markers of severity as markers of malnutrition. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition using different classification systems and perform a comprehensive nutritional evaluation to determine the reliability of different diagnostic techniques.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eighty-three patients with a recent hospital admission due to HF were evaluated. GLIM diagnosis criteria and subjective global assessment (SGA) were performed; a comprehensive anthropometric, functional, and biochemical nutritional evaluation was performed, in which bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), nutritional ultrasound, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were performed. Additionally, mortality and additional admissions due to HF were determined after a mean follow up of 18 months.
RESULTS
Malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria (54%) accurately distinguished patients with impaired functionality, lower lean mass, skeletal mass index, and appendicular muscle mass (BIA), as well as lower trunk fat mass, trunk lean mass, fat-free mass (DXA), and decreased albumin and increased C-reactive protein serum levels. According to SGA, there were significant changes in body composition parameters determined by BIA, muscle ultrasound, and functional tests between well-nourished patients and patients with risk of malnutrition (53.7%) or who had malnutrition (7.1%), but not when the last two groups were compared. BIA and DXA showed strong correlations when evaluating muscle and fat mass in HF patients, but correlations with nutritional ultrasound were limited, as well as functional tests. A multivariate analysis showed that no significant association was observed between body composition and mortality, but preperitoneal fat was associated with an increased risk of new hospital admissions (OR: 0.73).
CONCLUSIONS
GLIM criteria identified a lower percentage of patients with HF and malnutrition compared with SGA; thus, SGA could have a role in preventing malnutrition in HF patients. Nutritional evaluation with BIA and DXA in patients with HF showed reliable results of body composition parameters in HF, and both help with the diagnosis of malnutrition according to the GLIM or SGA criteria and could provide complementary information in some specific cases.
Topics: Humans; Electric Impedance; Malnutrition; Male; Body Composition; Female; Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Heart Failure; Nutrition Assessment; Ultrasonography; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Aged, 80 and over; Reproducibility of Results; Prevalence
PubMed: 38794773
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101535 -
Nutrients May 2024Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term-equivalent age and risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may...
Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term-equivalent age and risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may impact body composition (BC) of very low-birth weight infants fed with early progressive enteral feeding and standard fortification. Eighty-six infants with <1500 g birth weight were included in the BC study and stratified into extremely preterm (EP) and very preterm (VP) groups. Nutrient intake was calculated during the first 28 days and BC assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry at discharge and by skinfold thickness at 12 months of corrected age (CA). Total nutrient intake did not differ between the groups. EP infants had a higher fat mass percentage at discharge than VP infants (24.8% vs. 19.4%, < 0.001); lean mass did not differ. None of the nutrients had any impact on BC of EP infants. Protein intake did not result in a higher lean mass in either group; fat intake was a significant predictor of increased fat mass percentage in VP infants at discharge ( = 0.007) and body adiposity at 12 months of CA ( = 0.021). Nutritional needs may depend on gestational age and routine fortification should be used with caution in more mature infants.
Topics: Humans; Enteral Nutrition; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Body Composition; Female; Male; Infant, Newborn; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Gestational Age; Adiposity; Infant, Premature; Infant; Nutrients; Absorptiometry, Photon; Infant, Extremely Premature; Energy Intake; Food, Fortified; Skinfold Thickness
PubMed: 38794701
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101462 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2024Soccer is a laterally dominant sport owing to the repetitive nature of unilateral kicking. The relationship between functional and body composition asymmetries related...
Soccer is a laterally dominant sport owing to the repetitive nature of unilateral kicking. The relationship between functional and body composition asymmetries related to limb dominance in soccer players has yet to be established. When present, asymmetries can increase the risk of injury and low back pain. Our study investigated whether lateral dominance is associated with limb asymmetries in a comprehensive body composition assessment among varsity soccer players. Twenty-seven varsity soccer players (age 20.4 ± 1.7 years old; BMI 22.6 ± 4.6 kg/m) participated in this study. Body composition was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Results showed low lower limb asymmetry indices in both males (3.82%) and females (3.36%) compared to normal ranges. However, upper limb lean mass exhibited high asymmetry, surpassing thresholds in males (7.3%) and females (4.39%). Significant differences were found in total bone mass among males and total lean body mass among females. Male players exhibited higher asymmetry indices in both arm and trunk mass compared to females. Despite these asymmetries, no significant correlations were found between asymmetry indices and occurrences of lower limb injury or low back pain. The study suggests that while evaluating body composition for injury prevention in soccer shows potential, lateral dominance may be influenced by factors extending beyond sport-specific adaptations.
Topics: Humans; Soccer; Body Composition; Low Back Pain; Male; Absorptiometry, Photon; Young Adult; Female; Universities; Athletic Injuries; Adolescent
PubMed: 38791774
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050559 -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterised by the cellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide due to impaired alpha-galactosidase A...
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterised by the cellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide due to impaired alpha-galactosidase A enzyme activity. FD may manifest with multisystem pathology, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Registry data suggest that the introduction of Fabry-specific therapies (enzyme replacement therapy or chaperone therapy) has led to significant improvements in overall patient outcomes; however, there are limited data on the impact on bone density. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of Fabry-specific therapies on longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in FD. We performed a retrospective observational study analysing bone densitometry (DXA) in patients with genetically confirmed FD. Patients were grouped based on the use of Fabry-specific therapies. The between-group longitudinal change in BMD Z-score was analysed using linear mixed effects models. A total of 88 FD patients were analysed (50 untreated; 38 treated). The mean age at first DXA was 38.5 years in the untreated group (84% female) and 43.7 years in the treated group (34% female). There was no significant longitudinal between-group difference in the BMD Z-score at the lumbar spine. However, the Z-score per year at the total hip (β = -0.105, < 0.001) and femoral neck (β = -0.081, = 0.001) was significantly lower over time in the treated than the untreated group. This may reflect those receiving therapy having a more severe underlying disease. Nevertheless, this suggests that Fabry-specific therapies do not reverse all disease mechanisms and that the additional management of BMD may be required in this patient population.
PubMed: 38785757
DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050102 -
JCI Insight May 2024Caloric restriction improves metabolic health but is often complicated by bone loss. We studied bone parameters in humans during a 10-day fast and identified candidate...
Caloric restriction improves metabolic health but is often complicated by bone loss. We studied bone parameters in humans during a 10-day fast and identified candidate metabolic regulators of bone turnover. Pro-collagen 1 intact N-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP), a bone formation marker, decreased within 3 days of fasting. Whereas dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of bone mineral density were unchanged after 10 days of fasting, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT demonstrated remodeling of bone microarchitecture. Pathway analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data identified one-carbon metabolism as fasting dependent. In cultured osteoblasts, we tested the functional significance of one-carbon metabolites modulated by fasting, finding that methionine - which surged after 3 days of fasting - affected markers of osteoblast cell state in a concentration-dependent manner, in some instances exhibiting a U-shaped response with both low and high concentrations driving putative antibone responses. Administration of methionine to mice for 5 days recapitulated some fasting effects on bone, including a reduction in serum P1NP. In conclusion, a 10-day fast in humans led to remodeling of bone microarchitecture, potentially mediated by a surge in circulating methionine. These data support an emerging model that points to a window of optimal methionine exposure for bone health.
Topics: Methionine; Animals; Humans; Bone Remodeling; Fasting; Mice; Male; Female; Bone Density; Osteoblasts; Procollagen; Middle Aged; Adult; Absorptiometry, Photon; Peptide Fragments; Caloric Restriction
PubMed: 38780544
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177997