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Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Jun 2024Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer's disease and it represents one of the fastest emerging neurological... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer's disease and it represents one of the fastest emerging neurological diseases worldwide. PD is usually diagnosed after the third decade of life with symptoms like tremors at rest and muscle stiffness. Rapid Eye Movement sleep behavioral disorder (RBD) is another disorder that is caused by a loss of typical muscle relaxation during sleep with a lot of motor activity. Usually, RBD is strongly associated with PD. Recent studies have demonstrated that PD reduces the life expectancy of patients to 10 and 20 years after being diagnosed. In addition, delayed diagnosis and treatment of these neurological disorders have significant socio-economic impacts on patients, their partners and on the general public. Often, it is not clear about PD associated financial burdens both in low and high-income countries. On the other hand, PD triggers neurological variations that affect differences in the dopamine transporter (DAT) and in glucose metabolism. Therefore, positron emission tomography (PET) using specific DAT radiotracers and fluorine-18 labeled desoxyglucose (FDG) has being considered a key imaging technique that could be applied clinically for the very early diagnosis of RBD and in PD. However, a few myths about PET is that it is very expensive. Here, we looked at the cost of treatment of PD and RBD in relation to early PET imaging. Our finding suggests that PET imaging might also be a cost sparing diagnostic option in the management of patients with PD and RBD, not only for first world countries as it is the case now but also for the third world countries. Therefore, PET is a cost-effective imaging technique for very early diagnostic of RBD and PD.
PubMed: 38944021
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108404 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the correlation between genetic factors and the occurrence and progression of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) using a comprehensive...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between genetic factors and the occurrence and progression of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) using a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.
DESIGN
A comprehensive search was conducted using the ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Dimensions, and Emerald databases. A reviewer selected the study using modified PICO criteria, considering human subjects with TMDs, comparing different genetic factors among TMD and non-TMD patients, and reporting TMD signs and symptoms as outcomes. The methodological standards of the eligible papers were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Non-randomized Experimental Investigations. Information was collected methodically and examined.
RESULTS
The electronic database search yielded 851 articles, 19 of which were included in this study. The data analysis showed a significant influence of genetic factors, such as polymorphisms and gene differences, on the development of TMD signs and symptoms, such as myofascial pain, chronic pain, and disc displacement. In addition, gene polymorphism significantly influenced TMD development, with an odds ratio of 2.46 (1.93-3.14) and p of 0.00001.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic factors significantly influenced TMD signs and symptoms, and genetic polymorphisms significantly influenced TMD onset and progression. Further research should be conducted in diverse settings with larger sample sizes to verify and validate these findings.
PubMed: 38943858
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106032 -
EBioMedicine Jun 2024
PubMed: 38943726
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105224 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Jaw Neoplasms
PubMed: 38943308
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_63_24 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024Apically extruded debris can be affected by some features of the file systems such as kinematics or metallurgic properties.
BACKGROUND
Apically extruded debris can be affected by some features of the file systems such as kinematics or metallurgic properties.
AIMS
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of movement kinematics (reciprocation or rotation) and heat-treated alloys (C.Wire) on the amount of debris extrusion.
METHODS
Seventy-two mesiobuccal root canals were assigned into three experimental groups related to the single-file system used (n = 24): two rotational; One Shape (Conventional Ni-Ti), One Curve (C.Wire), and one reciprocating; and One Reci (C.Wire). The file systems were used according to the advisable speed and torque according to the manufacturers' suggestion. The weight of debris was calculated by subtracting the preweights from postweights of Eppendorf tubes. Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data (P = 0.05).
RESULTS
One Shape produced the greatest amount of extruded debris compared with One Curve (P < 0.001) and One Reci (P < 0.001), respectively. No statistical difference was found between One Curve and One Reci concerning amount of apical debris extrusion (P = 0.489).
CONCLUSION
Metallurgical properties of files may affect apical debris extrusion. Alloy type is an important factor in the amount of debris extrusion. File kinematics does not affect apical debris extrusion.
Topics: Humans; Alloys; Root Canal Preparation; Hot Temperature; Biomechanical Phenomena; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Equipment Design; Nickel; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 38943303
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_889_23 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system employing deep learning for identifying dental plaque, utilizing a dataset...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system employing deep learning for identifying dental plaque, utilizing a dataset comprising photographs of permanent teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, photographs of 168 teeth belonging to 20 patients aged between 10 and 15 years, who met our criteria, were included. Intraoral photographs were taken of the patients in two stages, before and after the application of the plaque staining agent. To train the AI system to identify plaque on teeth with dental plaque that is not discolored, plaque and teeth were marked on photos with exposed dental plaque. One hundred forty teeth were used to construct the training group, while 28 teeth were used to create the test group. Another dentist reviewed images of teeth with dental plaque that was not discolored, and the effectiveness of AI in detecting plaque was evaluated using pertinent performance indicators. To compare the AI model and the dentist's evaluation outcomes, the mean intersection over union (IoU) values were evaluated by the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS
The AI system showed higher performance in our study with a precision of 82% accuracy, 84% sensitivity, 83% F1 score, 87% accuracy, and 89% specificity in plaque detection. The area under the curve (AUC) value was found to be 0.922, and the IoU value was 76%. Subsequently, the dentist's plaque diagnosis performance was also evaluated. The IoU value was 0.71, and the AUC was 0.833. The AI model showed statistically significantly higher performance than the dentist (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The AI algorithm that we developed has achieved promising results and demonstrated clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque compared to a dentist.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Adolescent; Child; Dental Plaque; Female; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity; Deep Learning
PubMed: 38943301
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_862_23 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and...
BACKGROUND
Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and most dimorphic bone in the skull.
AIM
Our aim in this study is gender estimation with morphometric measurements taken from mandibular lingula, an important structure on the mandible, by using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks.
METHODS
Cone beam computed tomography images of the mandibular lingula were obtained by retrospective scanning from the Picture Archiving Communication Systems of the Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, İnönü University. Images scanned in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were transferred to RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Version: 2020.2). The images were converted to 3-D format by using the 3D Volume Rendering console of the program. Eight anthropometric parameters were measured bilaterally from these 3-D images based on the mandibular lingula.
RESULTS
The results of the machine learning algorithms analyzed showed that the highest accuracy was 0.88 with Random Forest and Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm. Accuracy rates of other parameters ranged between 0.78 and 0.88.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result of the study, it is thought that mandibular lingula-centered morphometric measurements can be used for gender determination as well as bones such as the pelvis and skull as they were found to be highly accurate. This study also provides information on the anatomical position of the lingula according to gender in Turkish society. The results can be important for oral-dental surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic experts.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Male; Female; Mandible; Machine Learning; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Sex Determination by Skeleton; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Algorithms; Young Adult; Adolescent; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38943297
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_787_23 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024Studies have been conducted to evaluate changes in hemodynamics, postoperative bleeding, and pain in pediatric dental patients receiving general anesthesia (GA)....
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Local Anesthesia Before Tooth Extraction Procedures under General Anesthesia on Physiologic Parameters and Postoperative Bleeding in Children.
BACKGROUND
Studies have been conducted to evaluate changes in hemodynamics, postoperative bleeding, and pain in pediatric dental patients receiving general anesthesia (GA). However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the effects of local anesthetics (LA) on tooth extraction procedures during GA. There is no consensus in the literature regarding LA application in the perioperative period for dental treatments performed within the scope of GA.
AIM
This study aimed to determine the retrospective physiologic effects of fluctuations in vital signs and postoperative bleeding in children who did or did not receive LA for tooth extraction under GA.
METHODS
A retrospective evaluation of 77 patients aged 5.16 ± 1.85 years who had the extraction of primary posterior teeth with or without LA under GA were reviewed in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) for postoperative bleeding and the effects of intraoperative LA on fluctuations in postoperative parameters such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and the end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2). These were compiled from the patient records of the procedures.
RESULTS
Significant differences between the baseline and peak MAP (P < 0.001), HR (P = 0.011), and EtCO2 (P = 0.002) were noted in children without LA compared to those who had LA. In addition, substantial variations were observed between the baseline and peak values for MAP (P < 0.001) and HR (P = 0.037) in children who had tooth extraction in the mandibular region. Statistically significant differences were noted between the baseline and peak values for patients who did not receive LA before the extraction of the first primary molar in terms of MAP (P < 0.02) and EtCO2 (P = 0.032). Similarly, significant differences in MAP (P < 0.02) and EtCO2 (P = 0.034) were noted in the extraction of the second primary molar. In addition, there was a significant difference in bleeding based on the number of tooth extractions in those who did not receive LA (P = 0.020).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that in children who underwent tooth extraction under GA, additional LA application minimized changes in HR, MAP, and EtCO2, whereas a lack of LA application produced significant fluctuations from baseline to peak values of HR, MAP, and EtCO2. In addition, LA application reduced postoperative bleeding.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Extraction; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Anesthesia, Local; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Anesthetics, Local; Heart Rate
PubMed: 38943296
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_708_23 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which... (Review)
Review
Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic. Recent improvements include porous graft materials such as high-density polyethylene. Despite the need for secure osteotomy segments, soft tissues around the mandible have a natural propensity to return to their original anatomical position. In the discipline of genioplasty, face esthetics and facial evaluation have been a prominent emphasis, with historical evidence emphasizing the relevance of the chin in harmony, balance, and character perception. Customized implants provide a single therapy for rare anatomical defects, generally with lower morbidity, making them critical for patients undergoing many procedures or suffering from syndromic disorders. Virtual surgical planning advances will continue to give dependable solutions for small and complex chin position issues. Modern surgeons will continue to combine history, anatomy, rigorous evaluation, excellent execution, and technological breakthroughs to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients, raising their social standing.
Topics: Humans; Genioplasty; Chin; Osteotomy; Prostheses and Implants; Esthetics
PubMed: 38943291
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_24_24 -
International Journal For Equity in... Jun 2024Neighbourhood effect on health outcomes is well established, but little is known about its effect on access to essential health services (EHS). Therefore, this study...
Neighbourhood effect and inequality in access to essential health services among mother-child paired samples: a decomposition analysis of data from 58 low- and middle-income countries.
INTRODUCTION
Neighbourhood effect on health outcomes is well established, but little is known about its effect on access to essential health services (EHS). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the contributing factors to access to EHS in slum versus non-slum settings.
METHODOLOGY
The most recent data from 58 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2011 and 2018 were used, including a total of 157,000 pairs of currently married women aged 15-49 and their children aged 12-23 months. We used meta-analysis techniques to examine the inequality gaps in suboptimal access to EHS between mother-children pairs living in slums and non-slums. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used to identify the factors contributing to the inequality gaps in each low- and middle-income country (LMIC) included.
RESULT
The percentage of mother-child pairs living in slums ranged from 0.5% in Egypt to 63.7% in Congo. Meta-analysis of proportions for the pooled sample revealed that 31.2% [27.1, 35.5] of slum residents and 20.0% [15.3, 25.2] among non-slum residents had suboptimal access to EHS. We observed significant pro-slum inequalities in suboptimal access to EHS in 28 of the 52 LMICs with sufficient data. Of the 34 African countries included, 16 showed statistically significant pro-slum inequality in suboptimal access to EHS, with the highest in Egypt and Mali (2.64 [0.84-4.44] and 1.76 [1.65, 1.87] respectively). Findings from the decomposition analysis showed that, on average, household wealth, neighbourhood education level, access to media, and neighbourhood-level illiteracy contributed mostly to slum & non-slum inequality gaps in suboptimal access to EHS.
CONCLUSION
The study showed evidence of inequality in access to EHS due to neighbourhood effects in 26 LMICs. This evidence suggests that increased focus on the urban poor might be a important for increasing access to EHS and achieving the universal health coverage (UHC) goals.
Topics: Humans; Health Services Accessibility; Female; Adolescent; Adult; Residence Characteristics; Developing Countries; Infant; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Poverty Areas; Healthcare Disparities; Socioeconomic Factors; Male; Mothers
PubMed: 38943187
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02194-4