-
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024This study aims to utilize latent growth model (LGM) to explore the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigate...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to utilize latent growth model (LGM) to explore the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigate the relationship between depression and motor dysfunction.
METHODS
Four-year follow-up data from 389 PD patients were collected through the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Firstly, a univariate LGM was employed to examine the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Subsequently, depression levels were introduced as covariates into the model, and depression was further treated as a parallel growth latent variable to study the longitudinal relationship between motor dysfunction and depression.
RESULTS
In the trajectory analysis of motor dysfunction, the fit indices for the quadratic growth LGM model were χ2 = 7.419, df = 6, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997, SRMR = 0.019, and RMSEA = 0.025, indicating that the growth trend of motor dysfunction follows a quadratic curve rather than a simple linear pattern. Introducing depression symptoms as time-varying covariates to explore their effect on motor dysfunction revealed significant positive correlations (β = 0.383, = 0.026; β = 0.675, < 0.001; β = 0.385, = 0.019; β = 0.415, = 0.014; β = 0.614, = 0.003), suggesting that as depression levels increase, motor dysfunction scores also increase. Treating depression as a parallel developmental process in the LGM, the regression coefficients for depression intercept on motor dysfunction intercept, depression slope on motor dysfunction slope, and depression quadratic factor on motor dysfunction quadratic factor were 0.448 ( = 0.046), 1.316 ( = 0.003), and 1.496 ( = 0.038), respectively. These significant regression coefficients indicate a complex relationship between depression and motor dysfunction, involving not only initial level associations but also growth trends over time and possible quadratic effects.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates a quadratic growth trajectory for motor dysfunction in PD, suggesting a continuous increase in severity with a gradual deceleration in growth rate. The relationship between depression and motor dysfunction is complex, involving initial associations, evolving trends over time, and potential quadratic effects. Exacerbation of depressive symptoms may coincide with motor function deterioration.
PubMed: 38887609
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1393887 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Few studies have investigated tobacco use among people with disabilities living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to examine current tobacco use...
Few studies have investigated tobacco use among people with disabilities living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to examine current tobacco use among men and women with disabilities using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 9 LMICs. We considered a respondent currently use tobacco products if they reported current use of any combustible/smoked tobacco products or smokeless tobacco products. We performed secondary analyses of DHS data from 2016-2021 collected in Haiti, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, South Africa, Timor-Leste, and Uganda. We examined marginal effects in logistic regression to calculate the adjusted prevalence and adjusted prevalence differences of tobacco use by disability status, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. The adjusted prevalence of current use of tobacco products among women with a moderate/severe disability, mild disability, and no disability varied across countries, with medians of 1.9% (range = 0.1% [Mali] to 11.3% [Pakistan]), 3.2% (range = 0.9% [Nigeria] to 13.3% [South Africa]), and 2.3% (range = 0.5% [Nigeria] to 8.9% [South Africa]), respectively. For men with moderate/severe disability, the median adjusted prevalence for current use of tobacco products was 18.8% (range = 8.9% [Rwanda] to 55.0% [Timor-Leste]). The median prevalences of current use of tobacco products for men with mild disability and no disability were similar to those with moderate/severe disability, at 16.5% and 15.9%, respectively. Current tobacco product use among people with disabilities varied for countries included in our study; however, with few exceptions, current tobacco product use was similar across disability status groups. Additional research is warranted to determine whether our findings extend beyond the nine countries assessed here. It is important to consider the needs of people with disabilities in tobacco prevention, control, and cessation efforts so that this substantial population can benefit equitably from such programs, interventions, or policies.
PubMed: 38885251
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003232 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Socioeconomic status (SES) has been previously associated with children's early development, health, and nutrition; however, evidence about the potential role of...
OBJECTIVE
Socioeconomic status (SES) has been previously associated with children's early development, health, and nutrition; however, evidence about the potential role of caregiver-child interaction in such associations was limited. This study aimed to explore the effect of caregiver-child interaction on the associations of SES with child developmental outcomes, including early neurodevelopment and social-emotional behavior.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2078 children aged 0-6 in a rural county that just lifted out of poverty in 2020 in Central China. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Chinese version (ASQ-C) and the Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE) questionnaire were used to assess children's early neurodevelopment and social-emotional behavior, respectively. Caregiver-child interaction was evaluated with the Brigance Parent-Child Interactions Scale. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation effect were conducted with the PROCESS macro of SPSS.
RESULTS
Children with low SES had an increased risk of suspected neurodevelopmental delay [OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.44] and social-emotional developmental delay [OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.66]. The caregiver-child interaction partially mediated the associations of SES with child developmental outcomes; the proportion of the indirect effect was 14.9% for ASQ-C total score and 32.1% for ASQ: SE score. Moreover, the caregiver-child interaction had a significant moderation effect on the association of SES with ASQ-C total score (P < 0.05). A weaker association was observed in children with high-level caregiver-child interaction than in medium and low ones. Similar moderating effects were found among boys but not girls.
CONCLUSION
Caregiver-child interaction plays a vital role in the relationship between SES and child development. Children with low SES households will benefit more in terms of their early development from intervention programs strengthening caregiver-child interaction.
Topics: Humans; China; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child, Preschool; Child Development; Rural Population; Social Class; Infant; Caregivers; Child; Surveys and Questionnaires; Infant, Newborn; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 38880881
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18803-4 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Jul 2024Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair...
BACKGROUND
Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited.
METHODS
We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8-9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture.
RESULTS
The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident.
CONCLUSION
We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Executive Function; Child; Male; Cohort Studies; Environmental Pollutants; Adult; Memory, Short-Term; Maternal Exposure
PubMed: 38879913
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... Jun 2024This hospital-based retrospective matched cohort study explored the association between preterm birth (PB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in preschool...
INTRODUCTION
This hospital-based retrospective matched cohort study explored the association between preterm birth (PB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in preschool children.
METHOD
PB children were matched by sex and day of birth (1:2) with full-term birth (FTB) children (PB = 89, FTP = 178). The children's parent-reported HRQoL was assessed using the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire. The association between PB and HRQoL was examined using conditional logistic regressions.
RESULTS
PB children were mostly moderate-to-mild preterm (64%) and exhibited a lower probability of presenting an HRQoL below the median in the sleeping (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23-0.91) and behavior (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23-0.85) subscales. Conversely, this probability in communication HRQoL was higher in the PB group (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.01-3.64).
DISCUSSION
PB was associated to better sleeping and behavior HRQoL, but poorer communication HRQoL. These findings could imply a potential normalization of developmental outcomes in moderate-to-mild PB.
PubMed: 38878038
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.05.004 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024To analyze the risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head after reduction surgery in children with developmental hip dysplasia...
BACKGROUND
To analyze the risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head after reduction surgery in children with developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), and to establish a prediction nomogram.
METHODS
The clinical data of 134 children with DDH (169 hips) treated with closure reduction or open reduction from December 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Independent risk factors for AVN after DDH reduction being combined with cast external immobilization were determined by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression and used to generate nomograms predicting the occurrence of AVN.
RESULTS
A total of 169 hip joints in 134 children met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age at surgery of 10.7 ± 4.56 months (range: 4-22 months) and a mean follow-up duration of 38.32 ± 27.00 months (range: 12-94 months). AVN developed in 42 hip joints (24.9%); univariate analysis showed that the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade, preoperative development of the femoral head ossification nucleus, cartilage acetabular index, femoral head to acetabular Y-shaped cartilage distance, residual acetabular dysplasia, acetabular abduction angle exceeding 60°, and the final follow-up acetabular index (AI) were associated with the development of AVN (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative IHDI grade, development of the femoral head ossification nucleus, acetabular abduction angle exceeding 60°, and the final follow-up AI were independent risk factors for AVN development (P < 0.05). Internal validation of the Nomogram prediction model showed a consistency index of 0.833.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative IHDI grade, preoperative development of the femoral head ossification nucleus, final AI, and acetabular abduction angle exceeding 60° are risk factors for AVN development. This study successfully constructed a Nomogram prediction model for AVN after casting surgery for DDH that can predict the occurrence of AVN after casting surgery for DDH.
Topics: Humans; Nomograms; Male; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Risk Factors; Retrospective Studies; Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip; Infant; Femur Head; Postoperative Complications; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38877449
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07575-y -
NeuroImage. Clinical Jun 2024Past work has shown that people with schizophrenia exhibit more cross-subject heterogeneity in their functional connectivity patterns. However, it remains unclear...
UNLABELLED
Past work has shown that people with schizophrenia exhibit more cross-subject heterogeneity in their functional connectivity patterns. However, it remains unclear whether specific brain networks are implicated, whether common confounds could explain the results, or whether task activations might also be more heterogeneous. Unambiguously establishing the existence and extent of functional heterogeneity constitutes a first step toward understanding why it emerges and what it means clinically.
METHODS
We first leveraged data from the HCP Early Psychosis project. Functional connectivity (FC) was extracted from 718 parcels via principal components regression. Networks were defined via a brain network partition (Ji et al., 2019). We also examined an independent data set with controls, later-stage schizophrenia patients, and ADHD patients during rest and during a working memory task. We quantified heterogeneity by averaging the Pearson correlation distance of each subject's FC or task activity pattern to that of every other subject of the same cohort.
RESULTS
Affective and non-affective early psychosis patients exhibited more cross-subject whole-brain heterogeneity than healthy controls (ps < 0.001, Hedges' g > 0.74). Increased heterogeneity could be found in up to seven networks. In-scanner motion, medication, nicotine, and comorbidities could not explain the results. Later-stage schizophrenia patients exhibited heterogeneous connectivity patterns and task activations compared to ADHD and control subjects. Interestingly, individual connection weights, parcel-wise task activations, and network averages thereof were not more variable in patients, suggesting that heterogeneity becomes most obvious over large-scale patterns.
CONCLUSION
Whole-brain cross-subject functional heterogeneity characterizes psychosis during rest and task. Developmental and pathophysiological consequences are discussed.
PubMed: 38875745
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103630 -
Medicine Jun 2024The parent is the most critical link and decision-maker between the patient and the healthcare provider in treating many pediatric diseases. This entity is essential for... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The parent is the most critical link and decision-maker between the patient and the healthcare provider in treating many pediatric diseases. This entity is essential for the management of pediatric breast diseases for which the rate of surgical intervention is known to be very low. Although previous publications have emphasized that pediatric breast diseases may cause alarming anxiety in parents, the demographic factors that influence this anxiety have not been investigated. Even if practitioners complete patient management with appropriate procedures, treatment is incomplete if the questions remain unanswered. In this observational prospective study, we investigated the demographic factors that affect parental anxiety, which should be prioritized to prevent incomplete management. The Beck Anxiety Inventory score (BAS) created by the parents of 409 boys and girls aged 0 to 17 with breast conditions was recorded at the diagnosis, termination of treatment, and final control stages. A 2-stage hierarchical logistic regression model was applied to show how strongly the demographic characteristics of parents and their children predicted the parental BAS. Of the demographic characteristics, there was a significant correlation (P < .05) between the patient's sex, age, developmental period, Tanner stage, referral status, management method, family's place of residence, economic distress, and BAS. However, according to the 2-stage hierarchical regression model, only 3 demographic characteristics, the patient's gender, place of residence, and method used in patient management, significantly predicted BAS (P < .05, ΔR2 = .35). Among the many factors that affect anxiety experienced by parents whose son or daughter has breast problems, the gender of the child, place of residence of the family, and management methods used by the practitioner are demographic characteristics that should be taken into consideration.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Anxiety; Child; Parents; Child, Preschool; Infant; Adolescent; Breast Diseases; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 38875389
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038514 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2024To explore differences in the relationship between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) percentile and ocular geometry between males and females.
PURPOSE
To explore differences in the relationship between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) percentile and ocular geometry between males and females.
METHODS
The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study involved a prospective ophthalmic examination of adults, aged 18 to 52 years, who were born preterm or at term, in Germany. The associations between GA and BW percentile on the main outcome measures were evaluated by uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses. The main outcome measures were central corneal thickness, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, posterior segment length, and central foveal thickness. Potential sex-specific differences and an effect modification by sex were analyzed.
RESULTS
This study involved 438 participants (245 females, 193 males) with an average age of 28.6 ± 8.7 years. In female participants, central foveal thickness was negatively associated with a higher GA (B = -2.99; P < 0.001). Similarly, male participants also demonstrated a negative association between central foveal thickness and GA (B = -4.27; P < 0.001). The multivariable model with effect modification revealed that the central foveal thickness was thicker with lower GA. There was an association between the effect modification of GA with sex and central foveal thickness, demonstrating a more pronounced effect of GA on central foveal thickness in male participants (B = 1.29; P = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a sex-specific correlation between lower GA and thicker central foveal thickness, suggesting differences in the developmental trajectory of this biometric parameter concerning GA. A thicker central foveal thickness might affect the visual acuity of individuals born preterm in adulthood, with a more pronounced impact in males and a potential predisposition to age-related diseases later in life. Sex did not influence the association of GA or BW percentile to other ocular geometric parameters.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Gestational Age; Adult; Young Adult; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Birth Weight; Sex Factors; Infant, Newborn; Fovea Centralis; Cornea; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Anterior Chamber; Infant, Premature; Lens, Crystalline; Germany; Visual Acuity; Posterior Eye Segment
PubMed: 38874964
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.23 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Affiliate stigma experienced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia may seriously affect home care and prognosis of these patients. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Affiliate stigma experienced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia may seriously affect home care and prognosis of these patients. This study aimed to explore the levels of perceived affiliate stigma and its influencing factors among family caregivers of patients with dementia in mainland China, which remains a relatively unexplored topic.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, purposive sampling was used to recruit dementia family caregivers from an online communication group between April and May 2022. A total of 727 eligible caregivers were included and asked to complete the demographic questionnaire, the affiliate stigma scale, and the caregiver burden inventory. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the factors that influence perceived affiliate stigma among dementia family caregivers.
RESULTS
The mean score for affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers was 48.09 ± 16.38 (range: 22-86). Whether there were regular breaks during patient care, time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, and social burden were significant factors influencing the affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers.
CONCLUSION
Dementia family caregivers showed a moderate to high level of affiliate stigma. Those who had regular breaks during patient care, higher time-dependent burden, developmental burden, and physical burden and lower social burden exhibited higher levels of affiliate stigma.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Caregivers; Dementia; China; Male; Female; Social Stigma; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged; Adult; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38873291
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366143