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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of skin problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pumps (IPs) and/or continuous glucose...
Skin Reactions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Associated with the Use of New Diabetes Technologies-An Observational Study from a Regional Polish Pediatric Diabetes Center.
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of skin problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pumps (IPs) and/or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in our center and analyze their association with various factors. As part of the international ISPAD JENIOUS-initiated SKIN-PEDIC project, we interviewed and examined patients who visited the regional pediatric diabetes center in Opole (Poland) for four weeks regarding the use of IP and/or CGM and the presence of skin problems. Body mass index (BMI) and glycemic parameters were obtained retrospectively from medical records. Among 115 individuals (45.2% girls, 83.5% IP users, 96.5% CGM users), old scars were the most common skin problem (IP users 53.1%; CGM users 66.4%), while ≥2 types of skin problems co-occurred (IP users 40.6%; CGM users 27.3%). Longer IP use was associated with a higher prevalence of skin problems (50% for IP < 1 year, 98.1%-IP 1-3 years, 100% for IP > 3 years; < 0.001), pointing out extra attention with IP use > 1 year. No significant associations were found between skin problems and gender, age, BMI centile and glycemic parameters. Dermatological complications were common among children using IP and CGM in our center, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and early intervention to manage these skin-related issues effectively.
PubMed: 38929319
DOI: 10.3390/children11060740 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Diabetes exposure during pregnancy affects health outcomes in offspring; however, little is known about in utero exposure to preexisting parental youth-onset type 2...
Diabetes exposure during pregnancy affects health outcomes in offspring; however, little is known about in utero exposure to preexisting parental youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Offspring born to participants during the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth (TODAY) study were administered a questionnaire at the end of the study. Of 457 participants, 37% of women and 18% of men reported 228 offspring, 80% from female participants. TODAY mothers had lower household income (<$25,000) compared to TODAY fathers (69.4% vs. 37.9%, = 0.0002). At 4.5 years of age (range 0-18 years), 16.7% of offspring were overweight according to the parental report of their primary care provider, with no sex difference. Offspring of TODAY mothers reported more daily medication use compared to TODAY fathers (50/183, 27.7% vs. 6/46, 12.2%, [ = 0.04]), a marker of overall health. TODAY mothers also reported higher rates of recidivism (13/94) than TODAY fathers (0/23). An Individualized Education Plan was reported in 20/94 (21.3%) offspring of TODAY mothers compared to 2/23 (8.7%) of TODAY fathers. This descriptive study, limited by parental self-reports, indicated offspring of participants in TODAY experience significant socioeconomic disadvantages, which, when combined with in utero diabetes exposure, may increase their risk of health and educational disparities.
PubMed: 38929210
DOI: 10.3390/children11060630 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The indolamine hormone melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytrypamine, is frequently associated with circadian rhythm regulation. Light can suppress melatonin... (Review)
Review
The indolamine hormone melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytrypamine, is frequently associated with circadian rhythm regulation. Light can suppress melatonin secretion, and photoperiod regulates melatonin levels by promoting its production and secretion at night in response to darkness. This hormone is becoming more and more understood for its functions as an immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant hormone. Melatonin may have a major effect on several diabetes-related disturbances, such as hormonal imbalances, oxidative stress, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders, according to recent research. This has raised interest in investigating the possible therapeutic advantages of melatonin in the treatment of diabetic complications. In addition, several studies have described that melatonin has been linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, immune system disorders, and heart diseases. In this review, we will highlight some of the functions of melatonin regarding vascular biology.
PubMed: 38929187
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060747 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2024This study aims to examine the association between the occurrence of diabetic foot and air quality (SO, CO, NO, O). Open data were collected to conduct a big data study....
This study aims to examine the association between the occurrence of diabetic foot and air quality (SO, CO, NO, O). Open data were collected to conduct a big data study. Patient information was gathered from the National Health Insurance Service, and the National Institute of Environmental Science's air quality data were used. A total study population of 347,543 cases were reviewed (case = 13,353, control = 334,190). The lag period from air quality changes to the actual amputation operation was calculated for each factor. The frequency of diabetic foot amputation in each region was identified and analyzed using a distributed lag non-linear model. Gangwon-do showed the highest relative risks (RRs) for SO and CO, while Chungcheongnam-do exhibited the highest RR for NO. Jeju had the highest RR for O. Regions like Incheon, Busan, and the capital region also showed significant risk increases. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored air quality management to address diabetic foot complications effectively.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Republic of Korea; Air Pollution; Female; Air Pollutants; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38929021
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060775 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024This multi-center retrospective study examined the effect of weight loss on the prevention of progression to cirrhosis in a sample exclusively composed of patients with...
This multi-center retrospective study examined the effect of weight loss on the prevention of progression to cirrhosis in a sample exclusively composed of patients with obesity and MASH-related F3 liver fibrosis. Adult patients with obesity and biopsy-confirmed MASH-related F3 liver fibrosis ( = 101) from two liver transplant centers in the US were included in the study. A higher proportion of patients who did not progress to cirrhosis achieved >5% weight loss at follow-up (59% vs. 30%, = 0.045). In multivariable analysis, patients with >5% weight loss at follow-up had a lower hazard of developing cirrhosis compared to patients with no weight loss or weight gain (HR: 0.29, 95%, CI: 0.08-0.96); whereas, diabetes (HR: 3.24, 95%, CI: 1.21-8.67) and higher LDL levels (HR: 1.02, 95%, CI: 1.01-1.04) were associated with higher hazards of progression to cirrhosis. Weight loss >5% has the potential to prevent disease progression to cirrhosis in patients with obesity and MASH-related F3 liver fibrosis. The realization of this benefit requires weight loss maintenance longer than one year. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine how weight loss impacts other patient-centered outcomes such as mortality, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with obesity and MASH-related F3 liver fibrosis.
Topics: Humans; Weight Loss; Liver Cirrhosis; Obesity; Male; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Female; Disease Progression; Adult
PubMed: 38928954
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060708 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024Although we are four years into the pandemic, there is still conflicting evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The...
BACKGROUND
Although we are four years into the pandemic, there is still conflicting evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in-hospital mortality and morbidity of diabetic versus nondiabetic patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Northern UAE Emirates.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) who were admitted to the isolation hospital with COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the disease (March 2020 to April 2021). The assessed endpoints were all-cause in-hospital mortality, length of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation.
RESULTS
A total of 427 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 335 (78.5%) had DM. Compared to nondiabetics, diabetic COVID-19 patients had a significantly longer in-hospital stay (odds ratio (OR) = 2.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-4.62; = 0.014), and a significantly higher frequency of ICU admission (OR = 4.50; 95% CI = 1.66-7.34; = 0.002). The need for mechanical ventilation was not significantly different between the two groups (OR: distorted estimates; = 0.996). Importantly, the overall in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to their nondiabetic counterparts (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.08-4.73; = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
DM was associated with a more arduous course of COVID-19, including a higher mortality rate, a longer overall hospital stay, and a higher frequency of ICU admission. Our results highlight the importance of DM control in COVID-19 patients to minimize the risk of detrimental clinical outcomes.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Hospital Mortality; United Arab Emirates; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus; Aged; Respiration, Artificial; Intensive Care Units; Adult; SARS-CoV-2; Length of Stay; Hospitalization
PubMed: 38928943
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060697 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Genetic insights help us to investigate disease pathogenesis and risk. The ABCA1 protein encoded by is involved in transporting cholesterol across the cell membrane....
Genetic insights help us to investigate disease pathogenesis and risk. The ABCA1 protein encoded by is involved in transporting cholesterol across the cell membrane. Genetic variations in the gene are well documented; however, their role in the development of diabetic dyslipidemia still needs to be explored. This study aimed to identify the associations of rs757194699 (K1587Q) and rs2066714 (I883M) with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes and performed molecular simulations. In our case-control study, 330 individuals were divided equally into a diabetic dyslipidemia cases and a healthy controls. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were performed to screen selected variants of the gene. Sanger sequencing was also performed to find genetic mutations in exon 5 of the gene. The C allele of rs757194699 was observed at a high frequency in cases compared to controls and followed the overdominant genetic model ( < 0.0001, OR:3.84; CI:1.67-8.82). The frequency of G allele of rs2066714 was significantly higher in cases compared to controls and followed the genetic model of codominant (< 0.0001, OR: 39.61; CI:9.97-157.32), dominant ( < 0.0001,OR:59.59; CI:15.19-233.81), overdominant (< 0.0001, OR:9.75; CI:3.16-30.11), and log-additive (< 0.0001, OR:42.15; CI:11.08-160.40). In silico modeling and docking revealed that rs2066714 and rs757194699 produced deleterious conformational changes in the ABCA1 protein, resulting in alterations in the binding of the apoA1 protein. There were no genetic variations found in exon-5 in Sanger sequencing. The G allele of rs2066714 and C allele of rs757194699 in the gene were found to be risk alleles in the development of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. These polymorphisms could alter the binding site of ABCA1 with apoA1 thus disturbs the reverse cholesterol transport.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Dyslipidemias; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Case-Control Studies; Alleles; Gene Frequency; Aged; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38928502
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126796 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Oil-Gan is the fruit of the genus L. The fruits have excellent effects on health care and development values. There are many methods for the management of diabetic...
Oil-Gan is the fruit of the genus L. The fruits have excellent effects on health care and development values. There are many methods for the management of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, there is a lack of effective drugs for treating DN throughout the disease course. The primary aim of this study was to examine the protective effects (including analyses of urine and blood, and inflammatory cytokine levels) and mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extract of (EPE) on db/db mice, an animal model of diabetic nephropathy; the secondary aim was to examine the expression levels of p- protein kinase Cα (PKCα)/t-PKCα in the kidney and its downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrosis gene transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by Western blot analyses. Eight db/m mice were used as the control group. Forty db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups. Treatments included a vehicle, EPE1, EPE2, EPE3 (at doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg EPE), or the comparative drug aminoguanidine for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, the administration of EPE to db/db mice effectively controlled hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia by markedly lowering blood glucose, insulin, and glycosylated HbA1c levels. The administration of EPE to db/db mice decreased the levels of BUN and creatinine both in blood and urine and reduced urinary albumin excretion and the albumin creatine ratio (UACR) in urine. Moreover, EPE treatment decreased the blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Our findings showed that EPE not only had antihyperglycemic effects but also improved renal function in db/db mice. A histological examination of the kidney by immunohistochemistry indicated that EPE can improve kidney function by ameliorating glomerular morphological damage following glomerular injury; alleviating proteinuria by upregulating the expression of nephrin, a biomarker of early glomerular damage; and inhibiting glomerular expansion and tubular fibrosis. Moreover, the administration of EPE to db/db mice increased the expression levels of p- PKCα/t-PKCα but decreased the expression levels of VEGF and renal fibrosis biomarkers (TGF-β1, collagen IV, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4), as shown by Western blot analyses. These results implied that EPE as a supplement has a protective effect against renal dysfunction through the amelioration of insulin resistance as well as the suppression of nephritis and fibrosis in a DN model.
Topics: Animals; Diabetic Nephropathies; Plant Extracts; Mice; Phyllanthus emblica; Male; Disease Models, Animal; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Acetates; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Kidney; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Protein Kinase C-alpha; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 38928391
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126686 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction within adipocytes leads to inefficient lipid handling and increased oxidative stress, which together promote systemic metabolic disruptions central to obesity and its complications. This review explores the pivotal role that mitochondria play in altering the metabolic functions of the primary adipocyte types, white, brown, and beige, within the context of obesity and T2D. Specifically, in white adipocytes, these dysfunctions contribute to impaired lipid processing and an increased burden of oxidative stress, worsening metabolic disturbances. Conversely, compromised mitochondrial function undermines their thermogenic capabilities, reducing the capacity for optimal energy expenditure in brown adipocytes. Beige adipocytes uniquely combine the functional properties of white and brown adipocytes, maintaining morphological similarities to white adipocytes while possessing the capability to transform into mitochondria-rich, energy-burning cells under appropriate stimuli. Each type of adipocyte displays unique metabolic characteristics, governed by the mitochondrial dynamics specific to each cell type. These distinct mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes are regulated by specialized networks comprising transcription factors, co-activators, and enzymes, which together ensure the precise control of cellular energy processes. Strong evidence has shown impaired adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and faulty upstream regulators in a causal relationship with obesity-induced T2D. Targeted interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function in adipocytes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing systemic macronutrient oxidation, thereby potentially mitigating obesity. Advances in understanding mitochondrial function within adipocytes underscore a pivotal shift in approach to combating obesity and associated comorbidities. Reigniting the burning of calories in adipose tissues, and other important metabolic organs such as the muscle and liver, is crucial given the extensive role of adipose tissue in energy storage and release.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Obesity; Mitochondria; Energy Metabolism; Animals; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Oxidative Stress; Thermogenesis
PubMed: 38928386
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common diseases that affect the elderly population worldwide. The identification of common genes...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common diseases that affect the elderly population worldwide. The identification of common genes associated with AD and T2DM holds promise for potential biomarkers and intriguing pathogenesis of these two complicated diseases. This study utilized a comprehensive approach by integrating transcriptome data from multiple cohorts, encompassing both AD and T2DM. The analysis incorporated various data types, including blood and tissue samples as well as single-cell datasets, allowing for a detailed assessment of gene expression patterns. From the brain region-specific single-cell analysis, , which encodes phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 alpha, was found to be expressed mainly in oligodendrocytes compared to other cell types. Elevated levels of in AD and T2DM patients' blood were found to be associated with key cellular processes such as vesicle-mediated transport, negative regulation of autophagosome assembly, and cytosolic transport. The identification of 's potential roles in the cellular processes of AD and T2DM offers valuable insights into the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy, especially in the complication of these two diseases.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Oligodendroglia; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Biomarkers; Transcriptome; Single-Cell Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Multiomics
PubMed: 38928345
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126640