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Nutrients Jun 2024Diet is thought to play an important role in the clinical course and quality of life (QOL) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary habits of...
INTRODUCTION
Diet is thought to play an important role in the clinical course and quality of life (QOL) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary habits of patients with IBD are still unknown. This case-control study aims to compare the dietary habits of patients with IBD to healthy controls and evaluate differences in disease severity and QOL.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Food frequency, severity scores using the Harvey-Bradshaw and Ulcerative colitis activity index, and QOL were assessed using online questionnaires. Dietary habits were compared for patients with active disease and remission and for those with low QOL (LQOL) and high QOL (HQOL).
RESULTS
We recruited 61 patients with IBD and 101 controls. Significance was set at = 0.05. Controls consumed significantly more daily calories (2546 vs. 1641, = 0.001). However, patients with IBD consumed a higher percentage of carbohydrates (50% vs. 45%, = 0.001), more red meat ( = 0.024), and less fiber, sucrose, and lactose ( = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.036). Patients with active disease had higher lipid intake, lower protein intake, and lower QOL (47 vs. 58, = 0.001). Dietary differences between LQOL and HQOL mirrored those between active disease and remission.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first to provide valuable insights into the nutritional profile of Lebanese patients with IBD.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Case-Control Studies; Male; Female; Adult; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Severity of Illness Index; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Colitis, Ulcerative; Energy Intake; Young Adult
PubMed: 38931181
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121826 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Zinc deficiency has been associated with the worsening of diabetes while zinc supplementation has been proposed to ameliorate diabetes. This study examined the effects...
Zinc deficiency has been associated with the worsening of diabetes while zinc supplementation has been proposed to ameliorate diabetes. This study examined the effects of marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) and zinc supplementation (ZS) on obesity, glycemic control, pancreatic islets, hepatic steatosis and renal function of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed an MZD, zinc control (ZC) or ZS diet (4, 30 and 300 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively), and lean Zucker rats were fed a ZC diet for 8 weeks. MZD and ZS did not alter body weight or whole-body composition in ZDF rats. MZD ZDF rats had reduced zinc concentrations in the femur and pancreas, a greater number of enlarged pancreatic islets and a diminished response to an oral glucose load based on a 1.8-fold greater incremental area-under-the-curve (AUC) for glucose compared to ZC ZDF. ZS ZDF rats had elevated serum, femur and pancreatic zinc concentrations, unchanged pancreatic parameters and a 50% reduction in the AUC for insulin compared to ZC ZDF rats, suggesting greater insulin sensitivity. Dietary zinc intake did not alter hepatic steatosis, creatinine clearance, or levels of proteins that contribute to insulin signaling, inflammation or zinc transport in epididymal fat. Potential adverse effects of ZS were suggested by reduced hepatic copper concentrations and elevated serum urea compared to ZC ZDF rats. In summary, ZS improved the pancreatic insulin response but not the glucose handling. In contrast, reduced zinc status in ZDF rats led to impaired glucose tolerance and a compensatory increase in the number and size of pancreatic islets which could lead to β-cell exhaustion.
Topics: Animals; Rats, Zucker; Zinc; Dietary Supplements; Male; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Rats; Blood Glucose; Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Pancreas; Liver; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
PubMed: 38931174
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121819 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Iron deficiency is the number one nutritional problem worldwide. Iron uptake is regulated at the intestine and is highly influenced by the gut microbiome. Blood from the...
Iron deficiency is the number one nutritional problem worldwide. Iron uptake is regulated at the intestine and is highly influenced by the gut microbiome. Blood from the intestines drains directly into the liver, informing iron status and gut microbiota status. Changes in either iron or the microbiome are tightly correlated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the development of MASLD that connect altered iron metabolism and gut microbiota, we compared specific pathogen free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, fed a normal or low-iron diet. SPF mice on a low-iron diet showed reduced serum triglycerides and MASLD. In contrast, GF low-iron diet-fed mice showed increased serum triglycerides and did not develop hepatic steatosis. SPF mice showed significant changes in liver lipid metabolism and increased insulin resistance that was dependent upon the presence of the gut microbiota. We report that total body loss of mitochondrial iron importer Mitoferrin2 () exacerbated the development of MASLD on a low-iron diet with significant lipid metabolism alterations. Our study demonstrates a clear contribution of the gut microbiome, dietary iron, and Mfrn2 in the development of MASLD and metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Liver; Fatty Liver; Lipid Metabolism; Iron, Dietary; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Triglycerides; Iron; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Insulin Resistance; Mice, Knockout; Iron Deficiencies
PubMed: 38931165
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121804 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins (UT) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary phosphorus and protein restriction are common in CKD...
Gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins (UT) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary phosphorus and protein restriction are common in CKD treatment, but the relationship between dietary phosphorus, a key nutrient for the gut microbiota, and protein-derived UT is poorly studied. Thus, we explored the relationship between dietary phosphorus and serum UT in CKD rats. For this exploratory study, we used serum samples from a larger study on the effects of dietary phosphorus on intestinal phosphorus absorption in nephrectomized (Nx, n = 22) or sham-operated (sham, n = 18) male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomized to diet treatment groups of low or high phosphorus (0.1% or 1.2% /, respectively) for 1 week, with serum trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) analyzed by LC-MS. Nx rats had significantly higher levels of serum TMAO, IS, and pCS compared to sham rats (all < 0.0001). IS showed a significant interaction between diet and CKD status, where serum IS was higher with the high-phosphorus diet in both Nx and sham rats, but to a greater extent in the Nx rats. Serum TMAO ( = 0.24) and pCS ( = 0.34) were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels. High dietary phosphorus intake for 1 week results in higher serum IS in both Nx and sham rats. The results of this exploratory study indicate that reducing dietary phosphorus intake in CKD may have beneficial effects on UT accumulation.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Nephrectomy; Phosphorus, Dietary; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Indican; Rats; Uremic Toxins; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Methylamines; Cresols; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38931160
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121807 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management....
Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management. Lipidomics is an expanding field involving the comprehensive exploration of lipids from biological samples. In this cross-sectional study, 396 participants from a Mediterranean region, including individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetic individuals, underwent lipidomic profiling and dietary assessment. Participants completed validated food frequency questionnaires, and lipid analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between lipid features and dietary patterns. Across all subjects, acylcarnitines (AcCa) and triglycerides (TG) displayed negative associations with the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), indicating a link between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits. Various lipid species (LS) showed positive and negative associations with dietary carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Notably, in the interaction analysis between diabetes and the aHEI, we found some lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) that showed a similar direction with respect to aHEI in non-diabetic individuals and T2D subjects, while an opposite direction was observed in T1D subjects. The study highlights the significant association between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits in people with and without diabetes, particularly emphasizing the role of healthy dietary choices, as reflected by the aHEI, in modulating lipid concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions to improve metabolic health outcomes, especially in the context of diabetes management.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lipidomics; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Feeding Behavior; Mediterranean Region; Lipids; Diet, Healthy; Diet; Triglycerides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Patterns; Carnitine
PubMed: 38931159
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121805 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Previous studies have reported that TT genotype carriers of the adenosine A2a receptor () gene rs5751876 polymorphism have better ergogenic and anti-inflammatory... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Previous studies have reported that TT genotype carriers of the adenosine A2a receptor () gene rs5751876 polymorphism have better ergogenic and anti-inflammatory responses to caffeine intake compared to C allele carriers. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to investigate the association of the rs5751876 polymorphism with acute caffeine supplementation on hormonal (growth hormone and testosterone) response to resistance exercise (RE); (2) to examine the relationship between the rs5751876 polymorphism and the resting levels of growth hormone and testosterone in athletes who are light caffeine consumers. A double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involving 30 resistance-trained men (age 21.7 ± 4.1) was conducted to assess the impact of caffeine supplementation on serum growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (TS) levels before, immediately after, and 15 min post-RE. One hour before engaging in resistance exercise, subjects were randomly administered 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo (maltodextrin). After a 7-day washout period, the same protocol was repeated. Resting testosterone and growth hormone levels were examined in the sera of 94 elite athletes (31 females, age 21.4 ± 2.8; 63 males, age 22.9 ± 3.8). Caffeine consumption led to significantly greater increases in GH and TS in men with the TT genotype compared to C allele carriers. Furthermore, in the group of athletes, carriers of the TT genotype had significantly higher testosterone ( = 0.0125) and growth hormone ( = 0.0365) levels compared to C allele carriers. In conclusion, the gene rs5751876 polymorphism may modify the effect of caffeine intake on the hormonal response to exercise.
Topics: Humans; Caffeine; Male; Double-Blind Method; Cross-Over Studies; Resistance Training; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Young Adult; Testosterone; Adult; Female; Dietary Supplements; Athletes; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genotype; Human Growth Hormone; Polymorphism, Genetic; Exercise
PubMed: 38931158
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121803 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer disproportionately from a high burden of cardiovascular disease, which, despite recent scientific advances, remains... (Review)
Review
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer disproportionately from a high burden of cardiovascular disease, which, despite recent scientific advances, remains partly understood. Vascular calcification (VC) is the result of an ongoing process of misplaced calcium in the inner and medial layers of the arteries, which has emerged as a critical contributor to cardiovascular events in CKD. Beyond its established role in blood clotting and bone health, vitamin K appears crucial in regulating VC via vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). Among these, the matrix Gla protein (MGP) serves as both a potent inhibitor of VC and a valuable biomarker (in its inactive form) for reflecting circulating vitamin K levels. CKD patients, especially in advanced stages, often present with vitamin K deficiency due to dietary restrictions, medications, and impaired intestinal absorption in the uremic environment. Epidemiological studies confirm a strong association between vitamin K levels, inactive MGP, and increased CVD risk across CKD stages. Based on the promising results of pre-clinical data, an increasing number of clinical trials have investigated the potential benefits of vitamin K supplementation to prevent, delay, or even reverse VC, but the results have remained inconsistent.
Topics: Humans; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Matrix Gla Protein; Vitamin K Deficiency; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38931153
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121798 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Growing evidence indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important bioactive compounds that enhance health and developmental outcomes in breastfed babies....
Growing evidence indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important bioactive compounds that enhance health and developmental outcomes in breastfed babies. Maternal dietary intake likely contributes to variation in HMO composition, but studies identifying diet-HMO relationships are few and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate how the maternal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients-specifically proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals-associated with HMOs at 1 month (n = 210), 6 months (n = 131), and 12 months postpartum (n = 84). Several associations between maternal dietary factors and HMO profiles were identified utilizing partial correlation analysis. For example, maternal free sugar (rho = -0.02, < 0.01), added sugar (rho = -0.22, < 0.01), and sugary sweetened beverage (rho = -0.22, < 0.01) intake were negatively correlated with the most abundant HMO, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), at 1 month, suggesting that higher sugar consumption was associated with reduced levels of 2'-FL. Further, vitamins D, C, K, and the minerals zinc and potassium were positively correlated with 2'-FL at 1 month (p < 0.05). For the longitudinal analysis, a mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significant associations between maternal vitamin intake and HMO profiles over time. For example, for each unit increase in niacin intake, there was a 31.355 nmol/mL increase in 2'-FL concentration ( = 0.03). Overall, the results provide additional evidence supporting a role for maternal nutrition in shaping HMO profiles, which may inform future intervention strategies with the potential of improving infant growth and development through optimal HMO levels in mothers' milk.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Female; Oligosaccharides; Adult; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Hispanic or Latino; Diet; Young Adult; Infant; Breast Feeding; Trisaccharides; Vitamins; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers
PubMed: 38931150
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121795 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Blueberries ( L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate...
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities, Antidepressant Effect, and Lipid Peroxidation of Peruvian Blueberry: Molecular Docking Studies on Targets Involved in Oxidative Stress and Depression.
Blueberries ( L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the components of Peruvian blueberry using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), identifying 11 compounds. Furthermore, we assessed in vitro the antioxidant activity and in vivo the antidepressant effect using a rat model and protective effect on lipid peroxidation (in the serum, brain, liver, and stomach). We also conducted molecular docking simulations with proteins involved in oxidative stress and depression for the identified compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Peruvian blueberries demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than fruits from Chile, Brazil, the United States, Turkey, Portugal, and China. The results showed that oral administration of Peruvian blueberries (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly ( < 0.001) increased swimming and reduced immobility in the forced swimming test (FST). Additionally, at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, oxidative stress was reduced in vivo ( < 0.001) by decreasing lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, stomach, and serum. Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions were performed. In the molecular docking studies, quercitrin and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the best docking scores for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase; while 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester and caffeoyl coumaroylquinic acid had the best docking scores for monoamine oxidase and serotonin receptor 5-HT. In summary, our results suggest that the antidepressant and protective effects against lipid peroxidation might be related to the antioxidant activity of Peruvian L.
PubMed: 38931078
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121643 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The berry pomace could be a potential source for food applications due to its high content of polyphenols, but also dietary fiber, PUFAs and pectin. This is the first...
The berry pomace could be a potential source for food applications due to its high content of polyphenols, but also dietary fiber, PUFAs and pectin. This is the first study that aims to compare the total dietary fiber (TDF), protein, fat, mineral, pectin and fatty acid content of the following 16 different pomace samples of L. cultivars (cvs): 'Likernaja', 'Burka', 'Alaja Krupnaja', 'Granatnaja', 'Rubinovaja', 'Bussinka', 'Vefed', 'Angri', 'Krasnaja', 'Solnechnaja', 'Sahharnaja', 'Oranzevaja', 'Kubovaja', 'Moravica', 'Rosina' and 'Rossica', in order to find new natural materials for valorization. The contents of pectin and dietary fibers were analyzed using the respective Megazyme enzymatic kits. The TDF content was the highest in the pomace samples of hybrid cvs 'Granatnaja' (63.04% dry mass DM), 'Burka' (64.52% DM), 'Rubinovaja' (65.66% DM) and 'Likernaja' (67.17% DM). The pomace of hybrid cv 'Rubinovaja' was distinguished from other samples by its high protein content, cv 'Alaja Krupnaja' by its high pectin content and cv 'Oranzevaja' by its high fat content, which were 7.58% DM, 8.39% DM and 7.47% DM, respectively. The pomace of cv 'Sahharnaja' possessed the highest average macro-element content (1.56 g/kg DM). The average fatty acids profile was characterized by a high content of linoleic acid (51.94%), oleic acid (20.55%) and palmitic acid (12.96%). The lowest n6/n3 ratio was found in the hybrid cv 'Alaja Krupnaja' (6.70%). The data obtained demonstrate that the pomaces of certain cultivars of rowanberry contain significant amounts of valuable components, which can be used in functional food and cosmetic applications.
PubMed: 38931047
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121615