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Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: () infections can progress to severe respiratory complications, necessitating intensive care treatment. Recent post COVID-19 pandemic surges underscore the need for...
: () infections can progress to severe respiratory complications, necessitating intensive care treatment. Recent post COVID-19 pandemic surges underscore the need for timely diagnosis, given potential diagnostic method limitations. A retrospective case series analysis was conducted on PCR-positive patients admitted to two Dutch secondary hospitals' ICUs between January 2023 and February 2024. Clinical presentations, treatments, outcomes, and mechanical ventilation data were assessed. : Seventeen ICU-admitted patients were identified, with a median age of 44 years, primarily due to hypoxia. Non-invasive ventilation was effective for most, while five required invasive mechanical ventilation. None of the patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. No fatalities occurred. Post-PCR, treatment was adjusted to doxycycline or azithromycin; seven received steroid treatment. : Increased ICU admissions for infection were observed. Diverse clinical and radiological findings emphasize heightened clinical awareness. Early molecular diagnostics and tailored antibiotic regimens are crucial since beta-lactam antibiotics are ineffective. : This study highlights the escalating challenge of severe infections in ICUs, necessitating a multifaceted approach involving accurate diagnostics, vigilant monitoring, and adaptable treatment strategies for optimal patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38929972
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123443 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently in companion animals and are often treated with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial resistance can severely...
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canine and Feline Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens Isolated from Animals with Clinical Signs in European Veterinary Practices during the Period 2013-2018.
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently in companion animals and are often treated with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial resistance can severely hamper treatment success. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is key. UTI isolates were obtained from dogs and cats in two collection periods (ComPath II: 2013-2014 and ComPath III: 2017-2018) as part of CEESA's ComPath programme. Susceptibility testing of the UTI isolates (2021 in total) was carried out at one central laboratory using agar and broth dilution methodology as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. was the most frequently isolated bacterium in UTI in both dogs (46.9%, 43.1%) and cats (61.2%, 48.3%) across ComPath II and ComPath III, respectively. The percentage of resistance in was low (<10%) across both programmes in both dogs and cats except for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dogs ComPath III: 12.9%; cats ComPath II: 13.0%) and enrofloxacin (10.5%), marbofloxacin (11.4%), and doxycycline (98.8%) for dogs in ComPath III. Three (7.5%) of the 40 isolated bacteria in total were MRSA and harboured . The level of multidrug resistance (MDR) was generally low and ranged from 0.0% for feline coagulase-negative spp. to 11.7% for canine spp., except for a peak of MDR observed in canine isolates from ComPath II (36.7%). Overall, antimicrobial resistance for most canine and feline UTI pathogens isolated during the ComPath II and ComPath III programmes was low (1-10%) to moderate (10-20%).
PubMed: 38927167
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060500 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The impact of soil fertilization with animal manure on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in the environment is far from being fully understood. To add...
The impact of soil fertilization with animal manure on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in the environment is far from being fully understood. To add knowledge about persistence and correlations between antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in fertilized soil, a longitudinal soil mesocosm study was conducted. Soil samples were collected from the mesocosms immediately before spreading and then afterward at fifteen time points during a 320-day observation period. Eight ARGs (, , A, G, M, , A, and A) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene, , were determined in both pig slurry and soil, as well as residues of 36 antibiotics. Soil chemical and biochemical parameters were also measured. Twelve antibiotics were detected in the slurry in the range of 3 µg kg-3605 µg kg, with doxycycline, lincomycin, and tiamulin being the most abundant, whereas , , and were the predominant ARGs. Before spreading, neither antibiotic residues nor ARGs were detectable in the soil; afterwards, their concentrations mirrored those in the slurry, with a gradual decline over the duration of the experiment. After about three months, the effect of the amendment was almost over, and no further evolution was observed.
PubMed: 38927154
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060486 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems... (Review)
Review
Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems or challenges in the fields of medical care, animal husbandry, food industry, and public health worldwide. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify and evaluate scientific reports associated with ARB isolated from various street foods. "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis" (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The bibliographic material covers a period from January 2015 to April 2024. Six electronic scientific databases were searched individually for full-text articles; only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Seventeen papers were included in this systematic review. This study highlighted the wide distribution of ARB resistant to β-lactams and other antibiotics, posing significant health risks to consumers. High resistance levels were observed for antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, while some antibiotics, such as ceftazidime, clavulanic acid, cefoperazone, cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, doripenem, fosfomycin, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, demonstrated 100% susceptibility. The prevalence of ARB in street foods varied between 5.2% and 70.8% among different countries. The multiple resistance of various bacteria, including , , , and , to multiple classes of antibiotics, as well as environmental factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR), emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive approaches and coordinated efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance (AMR) under the "One Health" paradigm.
PubMed: 38927148
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060481 -
Infectious Disease Reports Jun 2024We report the case of a 28-year-old male with uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with extensive ulcerated lesions with dark...
We report the case of a 28-year-old male with uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with extensive ulcerated lesions with dark lamellated crusting on his face, torso, and limbs. The patient had a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer of 1:512, indicative of syphilis. A skin biopsy revealed granulomata surrounded by lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells, with spirochetes visible on immunohistochemical staining. The patient's rash resolved with hyperpigmented scarring after penicillin and doxycycline treatment. This severe form of secondary syphilis has been termed malignant syphilis, lues maligna, ulceronodular syphilis, or rupioid syphilis. We propose a single descriptive name for this entity, ulceronodular-rupioid syphilis. In 1969, Fisher proposed criteria for malignant syphilis based on lesion appearance, histopathologic findings, high RPR values, and rapid response to treatment. We found that the Fisher criteria were imprecise with respect to specific histopathologic findings, the quantitation of RPR values, and what constitutes rapid response to treatment. Thus, we examined an additional 74 cases from the literature and propose new diagnostic criteria based on rash appearance, histopathologic characteristics, non-treponemal and treponemal test positivity, and response to therapy. We also found that uncontrolled viremia, and not a low CD4 count, is a major risk factor for ulceronodular-rupioid syphilis in HIV patients.
PubMed: 38920894
DOI: 10.3390/idr16030038 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024pneumonia is very rare in normal people. At present, there is a lack of clinical data on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of patients...
BACKGROUND
pneumonia is very rare in normal people. At present, there is a lack of clinical data on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of patients with this type of infection. Our team had recently treated 7 cases of these patients. This study aims to comprehensively summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of pneumonia, and to provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia.
METHODS
Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with pneumonia through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) at the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital.
RESULTS
Seven patients with pneumonia reported a history of poultry exposure, experiencing fever alongside respiratory or digestive symptoms. Marked elevation of blood inflammation markers, accompanied by hypoproteinemia and liver damage, was observed. Chest CT scans revealed pneumonia and pleural effusion. was detected in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) through mNGS, often co-occurring with or other bacteria infections. Notably, Doxycycline demonstrated efficacy in treating
CONCLUSION
infection is a zoonotic disease, particularly among individuals with a history of poultry exposure, and mNGS emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool for its detection. infection manifests with systemic and lung inflammation, effectively addressed through Doxycycline therapy.
PubMed: 38919935
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1406737 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Mar 2024Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic among Iranian children with confirmed bacterial UTIs from 2012 to 2022.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranian Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology. The antibiotic-specific pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by applying a random-effects model. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was applied. I-squared statistic, and Cochran's Q test were computed and meta-regression was conducted on latitude of sampling location.
RESULTS
The literature search retrieved 2159 articles, among which 19 articles were included. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to doxycycline, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 59%, 57%, 54%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. Meta-regression on the latitude was statistically significant for nitrofurantoin (=0.05).
CONCLUSION
Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were observed in the majority of confirmed bacterial UTIs among Iranian children. The most effective antibiotics for uropathogens were colistin, meropenem, and imipenem.
PubMed: 38919304
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15133 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2024Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) is a Gram-negative bacteria common in the environment, and it is the normal flora in human respiratory and digestive tracts. The...
BACKGROUND
Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) is a Gram-negative bacteria common in the environment, and it is the normal flora in human respiratory and digestive tracts. The bacteria is a zoonotic and opportunistic pathogen that causes various infections, including nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify A. lwoffii strains isolated from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis in China and get a better understanding of its antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile. This is the first study to analyze the drug resistance spectrum and corresponding mechanisms of A. lwoffii isolated in raw milk.
RESULTS
Four A. lwoffii strains were isolated by PCR method. Genetic evolution analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that the four strains had a high homology with Acinetobacter lwoffii. The strains were resistant to several antibiotics and carried 17 drug-resistance genes across them. Specifically, among 23 antibiotics, the strains were completely susceptible to 6 antibiotics, including doxycycline, erythromycin, polymyxin, clindamycin, imipenem, and meropenem. In addition, the strains showed variable resistance patterns. A total of 17 resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated resistance genes, were detected across the four strains. These genes mediated resistance to 5 classes of antimicrobials, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicated that multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter lwoffii strains exist in raw milk of bovine with subclinical mastitis. Acinetobacter lwoffii are widespread in natural environmental samples, including water, soil, bathtub, soap box, skin, pharynx, conjunctiva, saliva, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal secretions. The strains carry resistance genes in mobile genetic elements to enhance the spread of these genes. Therefore, more attention should be paid to epidemiological surveillance and drug resistant A. lwoffii.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mastitis, Bovine; Female; Acinetobacter; Milk; China; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Acinetobacter Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38918815
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04119-3 -
PloS One 2024Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived into neurons offer a powerful in vitro model to study cellular processes. One method to characterize functional...
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived into neurons offer a powerful in vitro model to study cellular processes. One method to characterize functional network properties of these cells is using multielectrode arrays (MEAs). MEAs can measure the electrophysiological activity of cellular cultures for extended periods of time without disruption. Here we used WTC11 hiPSCs with a doxycycline-inducible neurogenin 2 (NGN2) transgene differentiated into neurons co-cultured with primary human astrocytes. We achieved a synchrony index ∼0.9 in as little as six-weeks with a mean firing rate of ∼13 Hz. Previous reports show that derived 3D brain organoids can take several months to achieve similar strong network burst synchrony. We also used this co-culture to model aspects of blood-brain barrier breakdown by using human serum. Our fully human co-culture achieved strong network burst synchrony in a fraction of the time of previous reports, making it an excellent first pass, high-throughput method for studying network properties and neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Humans; Astrocytes; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Coculture Techniques; Neurons; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Electrodes; Blood-Brain Barrier
PubMed: 38917115
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303901 -
International Journal of... Apr 2024Mycobacterium welchii (Mycobacterium w) vaccine was one of the many strategies used to both treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We report...
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium welchii (Mycobacterium w) vaccine was one of the many strategies used to both treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We report the results of a retrospective analysis of 15 cases with vaccine-site granulomas after administration of prophylactic Mycobacterium w vaccine as part of a trial for COVID-19 and our experience in managing those cases.
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of 15 patients with vaccine-site granulomas who were given the vaccine as a prophylactic measure as part of a trial with informed consent.
RESULTS
The mean average age of cases was 37 and the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.87. All of the patients developed erythematous tender nodules over the injection sites within a month of receiving the inoculations. Mycobacterial cultures and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests yielded negative results. Skin biopsy revealed granulomatous dermatitis with acid-fast bacilli positivity. A diagnosis of noninfective granulomatous dermatitis was made. Treatment started with analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. Systemic antibiotics were required in 9/15 patients. Patients are being followed up with no reported recurrence till date.
CONCLUSION
The possibility of injection-site granuloma should be taken into the risk-benefit analysis for the administration of Mycobacterium w vaccine and the patients should be counseled as such. Patients with persistent ulceration respond to combinations of doxycycline, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Granuloma; Middle Aged; Bacterial Vaccines; COVID-19; Injection Site Reaction; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38916389
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_50_24