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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by different cell infiltrates in the intestine. The aims of this study were to report the clinical...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by different cell infiltrates in the intestine. The aims of this study were to report the clinical and clinicopathological findings in horses with histological changes compatible with IBD in the duodenum. Further, the clinical progression of IBD and survival were investigated. Patient records were reviewed for horses in which histological evidence of IBD was found in duodenal biopsies collected during endoscopy. The histological changes were classified as mild, moderate or severe and the predominant infiltrating cell type was recorded. Clinical improvement was assessed by the owner via a questionnaire at 6 weeks after biopsy, along with survival after one year. In total, 149 horses were included, and the most common clinical signs were weight loss, reduced performance and pain during abdominal palpation. Most horses showed partial malabsorption during an oral glucose absorption test, and the horses with severe IBD had lower serum protein concentrations. Lymphoplasmacytic enteritis was the most common type of IBD (78.5% of cases), while in six horses neutrophilic infiltration of the duodenum was present. Overall, 71% of the cases had improved clinically after six weeks, mostly following treatment with corticosteroids. The results of a second biopsy were a poor predictor of improvement, and the horses that improved after 6 weeks were more likely to be alive after one year.
PubMed: 38891685
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111638 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2024are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial...
BACKGROUND
are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial tissue lymphoid malignancies. It infects more than half of the population worldwide. To reduce production, pharmacological therapy of diseases typically involves using threefold treatment methods. However, as a result of such therapy, antimicrobial resistance is commonly developed. Alternative therapeutics for diseases are thus of particular interest.
METHODS
Thyme essential oils (EOs) obtained from Jalas plants in Iran were tested for antibacterial activity against obtained from 320 poultry specimens in this investigation. Antibacterial activity was measured using inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The impact of Jalas essential oils on isolate , , and gene expression was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
The chemical content of these EOs varied significantly according to chromatographic examination. Thymol, carvacrol, and terpinene-4-ol are the most abundant components in these EOs. was recognized as a species with a 175-bp PCR product of 16S rRNA in 20/20 (100%). According to PCR results, all 20 (100%) isolates belonged to . The EOs inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with Jalas being the most effective, followed by pterygium EOs in decreasing order. At 8 mg/mL of Jalas EOs, IZs against were 27.4 ± 0.42 mm, and at 8 mg/mL of pterygium, IZs against were 1 ± 0.02. Jalas essential oils were used to treat all bacteria, and the findings showed that Jalas had a substantial inhibitory impact on the expression of , , and virulence-related genes ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In a dose-dependent manner, the EOs of Jalas EO demonstrated a high degree of antimicrobial property against bacteria. The most efficient EOs were those from Jalas with relative concentrations of thymol and carvacrol, followed by the coumarin-dominated pterygium EO with reduced antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 38887601
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3627074 -
Factors associated with peptic ulcer perforations in Uganda: a multi-hospital cross-sectional study.BMC Gastroenterology Jun 2024Perforated peptic ulcer is the worst complication of peptic ulcer disease whose burden is disproportionately higher in low-income settings. However, there is paucity of...
INTRODUCTION
Perforated peptic ulcer is the worst complication of peptic ulcer disease whose burden is disproportionately higher in low-income settings. However, there is paucity of published data on the patterns of perforated peptic ulcer in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with anatomical patterns of peptic ulcer perforation, as well as the clinical, socio-demographic, and anatomical patterns among patients in Uganda.
METHODS
This was a cross sectional study that enrolled 81 consecutive patients with perforated peptic ulcers. Using a structured pretested questionnaire the social demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. At surgery, the patterns of the perforations were determined. Logistic regression was done in SPSS version 22 to determine the factors associated with the anatomical patterns.
RESULTS
Perforated peptic ulcer disease was more prevalent among males (79.5%), peasants (56.8%) and those from rural areas (65.4%). Majority of study participants were of blood group O (43.2%). Gastric perforations were more common (74.1%). Majority of the perforations were found anteriorly (81.5%). Being a casual laborer was independently associated with lower odds of having a gastric perforation compared to being a peasant farmer (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Public health campaigns aimed at prevention of peptic ulcer perforations should prioritize the males, peasants and those living in rural areas. When a patient in our setting is suspected to have a peptic ulcer perforation, the anterior part of the stomach should be considered as the most likely site involved more so in peasant farmers.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Uganda; Female; Peptic Ulcer Perforation; Adult; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Young Adult; Aged; Sex Factors; Stomach Ulcer; Adolescent
PubMed: 38886654
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03285-w -
ACG Case Reports Journal Jun 2024Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease worldwide. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and iron deficiency...
Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease worldwide. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and iron deficiency anemia. Treatment modalities include tinidazole, metronidazole, and paromomycin. We present a case of an adult man with anemia and suspected gastrointestinal bleeding who was found to have a duodenal nodule consistent with Brunner gland hyperplasia, and biopsy also showed . Limited case reports of diagnosed by duodenal biopsy are found in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of giardiasis presenting as Brunner gland hyperplasia.
PubMed: 38883578
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001386 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Congenital malformation studies serve several purposes, including establishing baseline rates, monitoring changes over time, exploring the origins of these...
Introduction Congenital malformation studies serve several purposes, including establishing baseline rates, monitoring changes over time, exploring the origins of these defects, and helping in planning health services. Increasing public awareness about pediatric surgical interventions is another goal of these studies. However, the impact of congenital malformations is often underestimated in developing countries due to insufficient healthcare data and diagnostic facilities, particularly in rural areas. Families affected by the birth of a child with congenital malformations face significant stress and hardship. Methods The main aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical pattern of congenital structural malformations in our region (Uttarakhand, India), identify possibly associated factors of congenital malformations, and find out the immediate outcome of congenital malformations in enrolled participants. Results Among a total of 150 cases, 73 (48.7%) cases were inborn, whereas 77 (51.3%) cases were outborn. Investigation of congenital malformation revealed cleft lip or palate in 37 (24.7%) cases, congenital heart disease (CHD) in 33 (22%) cases, meningomyelocele (MMC) in 18 (12.0%) cases, anorectal malformation (ARM) in 11 (7.3%) cases, hypospadias in 10 (6.7%) cases, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) in nine (6.0%) cases, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in nine (6.0%) cases, polydactyly in seven (4.7%) cases, pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in four (2.7%) cases, duodenal atresia in three (2.0%) cases, midgut volvulus in three (2.0%) cases, umbilical sinus in two (1.3%) cases, sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) in one (0.7%) case, phimosis in one (0.7%) case, microtia in one (0.7%) case, and micrognathia in one (0.7%) case. Mortality was observed in 11 (7.3%) cases, whereas 105 (70%) cases were successfully discharged. Among 11 mortality cases, the cause of death was CHD in seven (63.2%) cases, TEF+CHD in two (18.1%) cases, MMC in one (9%) case, and duodenal atresia in one (9%) case. Conclusion Contrary to the common belief that advanced maternal age of greater than 35 years is a major cause, 86.6% of the congenital structural anomalies in our hospital-based study in Uttarakhand occurred in babies of mothers belonging to the age group of 18-30 years. Also, consanguineous marriage was observed in only 3.3% of cases, indicating that it may not be a major contributing factor causing congenital structural malformations in our region. External congenital anomalies are most commonly observed (60.7%), with cleft lip and cleft palate being the most common. The most frequently observed internal congenital anomaly is CHD (22%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) (18.6%) and urinary anomalies (10.1%). Death and referral are commonly seen in CHD.
PubMed: 38883135
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60375 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Jun 2024Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a noninvasive examination for excellent visualization of small bowel mucosal lesions. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of...
BACKGROUND PURPOSE
Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a noninvasive examination for excellent visualization of small bowel mucosal lesions. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CE in pediatric patients.
METHODS
From April 2014 to December 2022, CE procedures performed in children younger than 18 years of age at Taichung Veteran General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Among 136 procedures, the completion rate was 95.6% (n = 130), with a median age of 14 years old. Suspicion or evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (41%) was the most common indication for CE. Other common indications of CE were chronic unexplained abdominal pain (35%) and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia (21%). No procedure-related complications occurred. The diagnosis of those patients with incomplete study were CD with small bowel stricture, graft-versus-host disease and duodenal ulcers. A total of 86 CE procedures showed positive findings, and the overall diagnostic yield rate was 63.2%. Small bowel ulcers (65.12%) were the most common findings. Overall, 26.5% of CE examinations resulted in a new diagnosis and 44.9% of CE exams led to a change in therapy. For patients with IBD, CE findings resulted in an even higher therapeutic change rate of 48.1%.
CONCLUSIONS
CE is a safe and feasible diagnostic method to study the small intestine in children, especially for IBD. Incomplete study could be an indicator of positive finding and can potentially be a guide to identify the site of possible strictures.
PubMed: 38880710
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.06.012 -
Cureus May 2024Patients with 21trisomy often develop congenital or acquired gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal or anal atresia, celiac disease, intussusception, and...
Patients with 21trisomy often develop congenital or acquired gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal or anal atresia, celiac disease, intussusception, and constipation. In these patients, it is often challenging to diagnose gastrointestinal diseases because most patients have difficulty explaining their complaints in detail. Furthermore, these patients also possess immunological disorders, such as increased type I interferon activation, innate immune hypersensitivity, and polarization to autoimmune. Here, we present a girl with 21trisomy and constipation who developed severe anemia, occult blood and elevated levels of calprotectin in stool, and chronic ileum obstruction confirmed by computed tomography. The patient underwent surgical resection of the ileum and recovered without complications. Pathological examination demonstrated intussusception, ischemia, ulceration, inflammatory granulation, and massive IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. After the surgery, her fecal calprotectin levels were normalized. We assumed that the ileum inflammation caused by ileum dilation generated ulcers and granulation, which could be associated with immunological, gastrointestinal, and intellectual disorders in patients with 21trisomy.
PubMed: 38868234
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60177 -
Duodenal Leishmaniasis Mimicking Celiac Disease in HIV Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus May 2024It is known that there are several clinical forms that diseases can take when presented in patients living with HIV, especially those in the AIDS phase. Here, we...
It is known that there are several clinical forms that diseases can take when presented in patients living with HIV, especially those in the AIDS phase. Here, we present a case that demonstrates the peculiar capacity of diseases to assume the most varied forms, highlighting the limited research on neglected infectious parasitic diseases. This study aimed to underscore the ability of these diseases to mimic other pathologies, emphasizing the importance of infectious diseases as differential diagnoses in the most diverse clinical entities, as is the case of visceral leishmaniasis.
PubMed: 38864073
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60153 -
Gastroenterology Report 2024Horizontal duodenal papilla (HDP) is not an uncommon ectopic major papilla. The impact of HDP on the occurrence of pancreaticobiliary diseases remains unclear. Here, we...
BACKGROUND
Horizontal duodenal papilla (HDP) is not an uncommon ectopic major papilla. The impact of HDP on the occurrence of pancreaticobiliary diseases remains unclear. Here, we explored the associations in patients who underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent MRCP at Xijing Hospital (Xi'an, China) between January 2020 and December 2021 were eligible. Patients were divided into HDP and regular papilla (RP) according to the position of the major papilla. The primary outcome was the proportion of congenital pancreaticobiliary diseases.
RESULTS
A total of 2,194 patients were included, of whom 72 (3.3%) had HDP. Compared with the RP group (=2,122), the HDP group had a higher proportion of congenital pancreaticobiliary diseases, especially choledochal cyst (CC) or anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ) (6.9% vs 1.4%, =0.001). More gallbladder cancer (6.9% vs 1.2%, <0.001) and pancreatic cysts (27.8% vs 16.3%, =0.01) were also identified in the HDP group. Morphologically, the HDP group had a longer extrahepatic bile duct (8.4 [7.6-9.3] cm vs 7.2 [6.5-8.1] cm, <0.001), and larger angles between the common bile duct-duodenum and pancreatic duct-duodenum. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of HDP was an independent risk factor for gallbladder cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that HDP was not rare in patients underwent MRCP. A higher prevalence of congenital pancreaticobiliary malformations (especially CC or APBJ), gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cysts was observed in patients with HDP, as well as distinctive morphologic features.
PubMed: 38863808
DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae059 -
Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2024Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction which is characterized by compression of the duodenum due to narrowing of the space... (Review)
Review
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction which is characterized by compression of the duodenum due to narrowing of the space between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. Incomplete duodenal obstruction due to SMAS in neonates is rarely reported in the literature. In this case, it is a full-term 2-day-old male with the complaint of recurrent vomiting starting soon after birth. The patient was diagnosed with SMAS and duodenoduodenostomy was performed. Accompanying Meckel's diverticulum was excised.
Topics: Humans; Meckel Diverticulum; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome; Male; Infant, Newborn; Duodenostomy; Duodenal Obstruction; Vomiting
PubMed: 38862114
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.22000281