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Medicine Jun 2024This is a prospective cohort study to investigate the effects of instrumented lumbar fusion surgery on psychiatric problems, including anxiety, insomnia, and depression,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
This is a prospective cohort study to investigate the effects of instrumented lumbar fusion surgery on psychiatric problems, including anxiety, insomnia, and depression, in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, as well as on pain and the activities of daily living. Surgery was performed in the patients with Schizas grade C or D spinal stenosis with; if a patient's quality of life was impaired for at least 3 months or if patient had neurologic deficits. Finally, 69 patients were reviewed. Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, geriatric depression scale short form-Korean, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index was measured on the day surgery was decided on (T1), the day before surgery (T2), the day before discharge (T3), and 6 months after surgery (T4). The patients had mild degrees of anxiety, insomnia, and depression at T1, and Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index improved significantly by T4. In elderly patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, instrumented lumbar fusion surgery improves not only pain and activities of daily living, but also anxiety and insomnia. However, there was no improvement in depression over the 6-month follow-up period.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Spinal Stenosis; Female; Male; Spinal Fusion; Prospective Studies; Lumbar Vertebrae; Activities of Daily Living; Anxiety; Quality of Life; Depression; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Aged, 80 and over; Pain Measurement; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38941422
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038719 -
Medicine Jun 2024Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that significantly impacts an individual's psychological and physical health, characterized by persistent difficulties in falling... (Review)
Review
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that significantly impacts an individual's psychological and physical health, characterized by persistent difficulties in falling asleep, decreased sleep quality, and impaired daytime functioning. Traditional treatment approaches primarily rely on pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy, yet not all patients benefit from these methods, and they often come with certain side effects. Thus, identifying safe and effective alternative or adjunctive treatments is of paramount importance. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia and to explore the mechanisms by which acupuncture may treat insomnia through regulating neurotransmitters and nervous system, anti-inflammatory actions, and improving neuroplasticity, providing evidence to support the broad application of acupuncture in clinical practice.
Topics: Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Humans; Acupuncture Therapy
PubMed: 38941420
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038476 -
PloS One 2024Monitoring and improving the quality of sleep are crucial from a public health perspective. In this study, we propose a change-point detection method using diffusion...
Monitoring and improving the quality of sleep are crucial from a public health perspective. In this study, we propose a change-point detection method using diffusion maps for a more accurate detection of respiratory arrest points. Conventional change-point detection methods are limited when dealing with complex nonlinear data structures, and the proposed method overcomes these limitations. The proposed method embeds subsequence data in a low-dimensional space while considering the global and local structures of the data and uses the distance between the data as the score of the change point. Experiments using synthetic and real-world contact-free sensor data confirmed the superiority of the proposed method when dealing with noise, and it detected apnea events with greater accuracy than conventional methods. In addition to improving sleep monitoring, the proposed method can be applied in other fields, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and finance. This study will contribute to the development of advanced monitoring systems that adapt to diverse conditions while protecting privacy.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Polysomnography; Algorithms; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 38935677
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306139 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Chronic sleep disturbance affects daily functioning, leading to decreased concentration, fatigue, and higher healthcare costs. Traditional insomnia medications are often...
Chronic sleep disturbance affects daily functioning, leading to decreased concentration, fatigue, and higher healthcare costs. Traditional insomnia medications are often associated with adverse side effects. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel compound derived from and extracts (named RNE) in improving sleep quality with fewer side effects. The study included individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 with subthreshold insomnia and evaluated the effects of RNE on sleep, fatigue, and quality of life. Participants took 750 mg of RNE daily at bed-time for two weeks. The study used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a sleep diary, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) for assessments. Of the 20 participants, 13 completed the study and showed significant improvements in sleep quality. The results showed improvements in ISI and PSQI scores, a 57% reduction in wake-time after sleep onset, and improved sleep efficiency. Although FSS scores remained unchanged, significant improvements were seen in SF-36 physical and mental health scores. The results suggest that RNE is an effective, low-risk option for sleep disturbance, significantly improving sleep quality and overall wellbeing without significant side effects.
Topics: Humans; Rhodiola; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Plant Extracts; Sleep Quality; Quality of Life; Nelumbo; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Young Adult; Fatigue; Aged; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep
PubMed: 38931222
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121867 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: The role of surgical extraction of the third molar in patients' sleep quality remains unclear, although it is one of the most common oral surgical procedures. The aim... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: The role of surgical extraction of the third molar in patients' sleep quality remains unclear, although it is one of the most common oral surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in patient-reported sleep health outcomes after third molar surgery and to investigate any associations between sleep parameters and post-extraction pain. : Young adults without known comorbidities who were in need of mandibular third molar surgical extraction were included. All participants completed a sleep diary, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) questionnaires, which were used to assess sleep habits, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and insomnia severity one week before and after extraction. In addition, a visual analog scale was completed postoperatively to assess the perception of pain. : Out of 75 patients who completed the study protocol, 32 (42.7%) were males and 43 (57.3%) were females, with a mean age of 24.01 (±3.43) years. Postoperatively, statistically significant higher scores were observed for PSQI [4.85 (±2.32) before vs. 5.39 (±2.75) after, = 0.041], AIS [5.56 (±3.23) before vs. 6.91 (±4.06) after, < 0.001] and average weekly number of nocturnal awakenings [2.01 (±3.72) before vs. 4.19 (±5.20) after, < 0.001] but not for ESS, average weekly sleep duration and average weekly sleep onset latency. Pain perception was increased in patients who slept worse on almost all seven postoperative days, although this did not reach statistical significance. : Third molar surgery impacts sleep quality and insomnia severity in the first week after extraction, while there is no effect on daytime sleepiness. The worsening of subjective sleep symptoms after extraction may be associated with an increased perception of pain.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Molar, Third; Adult; Tooth Extraction; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sleep Quality; Pain, Postoperative; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 38929475
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060858 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024Lifestyle factors, including sleep characteristics, have been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, particularly among shift workers. This study aimed to...
Lifestyle factors, including sleep characteristics, have been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, particularly among shift workers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shift work, sleep duration, social jetlag, and the risk of metabolic syndrome among U.S. workers and the moderating effect of sleep duration and social jetlag on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2017-2020 March were analyzed. Poisson regression models were employed to examine associations. Among 4136 U.S. workers, 53.3% had metabolic syndrome, with a higher proportion of shift workers (63.8% vs. 56.7%, = 0.001) and those sleeping less than 6 h or more than 9 h per week (22.3% vs. 19.1%, = 0.044) in the affected group. Shift workers were initially found to have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (Coef. = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16); however, this association was mitigated when accounting for the interaction with social jetlag. Specifically, 1 to <2 h of social jetlag interacted significantly, increasing metabolic risk (Coef. = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.22), whereas 1 to <2 h alone showed a protective effect (Coef. = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.17, -0.06). These findings suggest that optimizing sleep schedules and addressing social jetlag may be crucial in mitigating metabolic syndrome risks among shift workers.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Male; Adult; Sleep; Female; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Shift Work Schedule; United States; Jet Lag Syndrome; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Work Schedule Tolerance; Sleep Duration
PubMed: 38928916
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060668 -
Biomolecules May 2024Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder due to which people have trouble sleeping, followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a...
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder due to which people have trouble sleeping, followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. It may result in an increased risk of accidents of all kinds as well as problems focusing and learning. Dietary supplements have become popular products for alleviating insomnia, while the lenient requirements for pre-market research result in unintelligible mechanisms of different combinations of dietary supplements. In this study, we aim to systematically identify the molecular mechanisms of a sleep cocktail's pharmacological effects based on findings from network pharmacology and molecular docking. A total of 249 targets of the sleep cocktail for the treatment of insomnia were identified and enrichment analysis revealed multiple pathways involved in the nervous system and inflammation. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis yielded 10 hub genes, including AKT1, ADORA1, BCL2, CREB1, IL6, JUN, RELA, STAT3, TNF, and TP53. Results from weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of insomnia-related transcriptome data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that a sleep cocktail may also ease insomnia via regulating the inflammatory response. Molecular docking results reveal good affinity of Sleep Cocktail to 9 selected key targets. It is noteworthy that the crucial target HSP90AA1 binds to melatonin most stably, which was further validated by MD simulation.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Network Pharmacology; Protein Interaction Maps; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Sleep
PubMed: 38927034
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060630 -
BMC Medicine Jun 2024To evaluate the neurological alterations induced by Omicron infection, to compare brain changes in chronic insomnia with those in exacerbated chronic insomnia in Omicron...
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the neurological alterations induced by Omicron infection, to compare brain changes in chronic insomnia with those in exacerbated chronic insomnia in Omicron patients, and to examine individuals without insomnia alongside those with new-onset insomnia.
METHODS
In this study, a total of 135 participants were recruited between January 11 and May 4, 2023, including 26 patients with chronic insomnia without exacerbation, 24 patients with chronic insomnia with exacerbation, 40 patients with no sleep disorder, and 30 patients with new-onset insomnia after infection with Omicron (a total of 120 participants with different sleep statuses after infection), as well as 15 healthy controls who were never infected with Omicron. Neuropsychiatric data, clinical symptoms, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. The gray matter thickness and T1, T2, proton density, and perivascular space values were analyzed. Associations between changes in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging findings and neuropsychiatric data were evaluated with correlation analyses.
RESULTS
Compared with healthy controls, gray matter thickness changes were similar in the patients who have and do not have a history of chronic insomnia groups after infection, including an increase in cortical thickness near the parietal lobe and a reduction in cortical thickness in the frontal, occipital, and medial brain regions. Analyses showed a reduced gray matter thickness in patients with chronic insomnia compared with those with an aggravation of chronic insomnia post-Omicron infection, and a reduction was found in the right medial orbitofrontal region (mean [SD], 2.38 [0.17] vs. 2.67 [0.29] mm; P < 0.001). In the subgroups of Omicron patients experiencing sleep deterioration, patients with a history of chronic insomnia whose insomnia symptoms worsened after infection displayed heightened medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness and increased proton density values in various brain regions. Conversely, patients with good sleep quality who experienced a new onset of insomnia after infection exhibited reduced cortical thickness in pericalcarine regions and decreased proton density values. In new-onset insomnia patients post-Omicron infection, the thickness in the right pericalcarine was negatively correlated with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (r = - 0.538, P = 0.002, P = 0.004) and Self-rating Depression Scale (r = - 0.406, P = 0.026, P = 0.026) scores.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings help us understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved when Omicron invades the nervous system and induces various forms of insomnia after infection. In the future, we will continue to pay attention to the dynamic changes in the brain related to insomnia caused by Omicron infection.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Quality; SARS-CoV-2; Neuroimaging; Brain; Multimodal Imaging; Gray Matter; Aged
PubMed: 38926881
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03487-9 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jun 2024To study the characteristics and clinical value of intestinal metabolites in children aged 4-6 years with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
OBJECTIVES
To study the characteristics and clinical value of intestinal metabolites in children aged 4-6 years with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
METHODS
A total of 31 children aged 4-6 years with OSAHS were prospectively enrolled as the test group, and 24 healthy children aged 4-6 years were included as the control group. Relevant clinical indicators were recorded. Fecal samples were collected, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to detect all metabolites.
RESULTS
A total of 206 metabolites were detected, mainly amino acids and their derivatives. There was a significant difference in the overall composition of intestinal metabolites between the test and control groups (<0.05). Eighteen different metabolites were selected, among which six (N-acetylmethionine, L-methionine, L-lysine, DL-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-isoleucine) had receiver operating characteristic curve areas greater than 0.7 for diagnosing OSAHS. Among them, N-acetylmethionine had the largest area under the curve, which was 0.807, with a sensitivity of 70.83% and a specificity of 80.65%. Correlation analysis between different metabolites and clinical indicators showed that there were positive correlations between the degree of tonsil enlargement and enterolactone, between uric acid and phenylacetaldehyde, between blood glucose and acetylmethionine, and between cholesterol and 9-bromodiphenyl and procaine (<0.05). There were negative correlations between the degree of tonsil enlargement and N-methyltyramine, aspartate aminotransferase and indolepropionic acid and L-isoleucine, between alanine aminotransferase and DL-phenylalanine, between indolepropionic acid and L-isoleucine, between uric acid and hydroxyquinoline, and between urea nitrogen and N,N-dicyclohexylurea (<0.05). The metabolic functional pathways affected by differential metabolites mainly included riboflavin metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, lysine degradation and glutathione metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
Intestinal metabolites and metabolic functions are altered in children aged 4-6 years with OSAHS, primarily involving amino acid metabolism disorders. The screened differential intestinal metabolites have potential screening and diagnostic value as biomarkers for OSAHS.
Topics: Humans; Child; Male; Child, Preschool; Female; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Intestines; Methionine
PubMed: 38926373
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2309129 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Apr 2024Paediatric sleep diagnostics is performed using complex multichannel tests in specialised centres, limiting access and availability and resulting in delayed diagnosis... (Review)
Review
Paediatric sleep diagnostics is performed using complex multichannel tests in specialised centres, limiting access and availability and resulting in delayed diagnosis and management. Such investigations are often challenging due to patient size (prematurity), tolerability, and compliance with "gold standard" equipment. Children with sensory/behavioural issues, at increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), often find standard diagnostic equipment difficult.SDB can have implications for a child both in terms of physical health and neurocognitive development. Potential sequelae of untreated SDB includes failure to thrive, cardiopulmonary disease, impaired learning and behavioural issues. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of SDB is important to facilitate early intervention and improve outcomes.The current gold-standard diagnostic test for SDB is polysomnography (PSG), which is expensive, requiring the interpretation of a highly specialised physiologist. PSG is not feasible in low-income countries or outwith specialist sleep centres. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, efforts were made to improve remote monitoring and diagnostics in paediatric sleep medicine, resulting in a paradigm shift in SDB technology with a focus on automated diagnosis harnessing artificial intelligence (AI). AI enables interrogation of large datasets, setting the scene for an era of "sleep-omics", characterising the endotypic and phenotypic bedrock of SDB by drawing on genetic, lifestyle and demographic information. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recently announced a programme for the development of automated home-testing devices for SDB. Scorer-independent scalable diagnostic approaches for paediatric SDB have potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, accessibility and patient tolerability; reduce health inequalities; and yield downstream economic and environmental benefits.
Topics: Humans; Child; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; COVID-19; Polysomnography; Sleep; Child, Preschool; Predictive Value of Tests; Artificial Intelligence; Infant; Prognosis; Adolescent; SARS-CoV-2; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38925792
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0041-2024