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Veterinary Parasitology Nov 2023We present a fixed-dose combination injectable (FDCI) solution for cattle formulated for a single subcutaneous administration at a dose rate of 1 ml/25 kg of body...
We present a fixed-dose combination injectable (FDCI) solution for cattle formulated for a single subcutaneous administration at a dose rate of 1 ml/25 kg of body weight to deliver a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of doramectin and 6.0 mg/kg of levamisole hydrochloride (5.1 mg/kg base equivalent). This drug product is marketed in the United States under the tradename Valcor® and in Australia and New Zealand under the tradename Dectomax V®. Both levamisole and doramectin have histories of safe and effective use in ruminants, with safety margins of 3X and 25X, respectively. Three studies were conducted to demonstrate the safety of the new FDCI: margin of safety (Study 1), and reproductive safety in sexually nulliparous beef heifers (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 1, 3-month-old sexually intact male and female calves were given either saline (control) or 1X, 2X, or 3X FDCI on Days 0, 14, and 28. General health, clinical, and neurological observations were made throughout the study, and clinical and pathology evaluations were made at study end. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated the reproductive safety of the FDCI on sexually nulliparous beef heifers using estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination. Treatments of either saline (control) or 3X FDCI were administered to coincide with either folliculogenesis, implantation, organogenesis, early gestation, or late gestation. Reproductive safety was demonstrated by evaluating rates of conception, calving, abortion, and stillbirth, dystocia scores, and calf health. In all studies, the FDCI at 1X, 2X, or 3X dosages was well tolerated. In the margin of safety study, 3X calves showed increased incidence of salivation for up to 8 h post-dosing compared to other groups. Injection sites were palpable post-dosing in all three FDCI groups but resolved by Day 28 in all but one animal each in 2X and 3X. In the reproductive safety studies, the FDCI had no effect on conception, pregnancy, fetal development, or postnatal viability. Injection site swelling was increased in frequency and duration compared to controls. The studies demonstrate the safety of the new FDCI in cattle from 3 months of age and in reproducing heifers during all reproductive stages from folliculogenesis through gestation and up to a month post-partum.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Pregnancy; Female; Male; Levamisole; Reproduction; Ivermectin; Body Weight; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 37951737
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110071 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2024In the United States, it is becoming common for dairy herds to mate a portion of cows to beef semen to create a value-added calf. The objectives of this study were to...
In the United States, it is becoming common for dairy herds to mate a portion of cows to beef semen to create a value-added calf. The objectives of this study were to determine if dystocia risk, stillbirth (SB) risk, gestation length (GL), probability of early-lactation clinical disease events, early-lactation culling risk, or subsequent milk production differ between cows that carried calves sired by different beef breeds and those that carried Holstein-sired calves. Records from 10 herds contained 75,256 lactations from 39,249 cows that had calves with known Holstein or beef breed sires from the years 2010 to 2023. Calf sire breeds with ≥150 records included in analyses were Holstein, Angus, Simmental, Limousin, crossbred beef, and Charolais. Additional beef sire breeds that existed in lower frequency (n < 150 records) were condensed together and classified as "other." Because GL is a continuous variable, sire breed inclusion criteria were reduced to n ≥ 100 records; thus, Wagyu sires were included as their own breed group. Some records did not contain all variables of interest, thus models included fewer lactations depending on variable. Binomial generalized mixed models evaluated dystocia risk (defined as calving ease score ≥4 or calving ease score ≥3), SB risk, clinical health event risk (defined as lameness, mastitis, metabolic, reproductive, other, or any health events occurring within 60 d in milk [DIM]), and early culling risk (defined as death or culling within 60 DIM). Gestation length and test-date milk, fat, and protein yields were evaluated with mixed models. Calves sired by crossbred beef bulls had a greater probability of being stillborn (5%; 95% confidence interval lower = 2.9% upper = 9.0%) than those sired by Holstein bulls (2%; 95% confidence interval lower = 1.5%, upper = 2.7%). All beef-sired calves increased GL from that of Holstein-sired calves (277 ± 0.15 d) with Limousin (282 ± 0.81 d) and Wagyu-sired calves (285 d ± 0.79) resulting in the longest GL. The risk of dystocia, clinical health events, and early-lactation culling did not differ by calf sire breed nor did subsequent milk and component yield. Generally, carrying a calf sired by the beef breeds included in this study did not negatively affect the dairy cow.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Cattle; Male; Stillbirth; Reproduction; Lactation; Milk; Dystocia; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37949400
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24112 -
Medicine Oct 2023Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric diversion is one of the most widely used surgical procedures for weight reduction and metabolic surgery, which is a hybrid approach to...
RATIONALE
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric diversion is one of the most widely used surgical procedures for weight reduction and metabolic surgery, which is a hybrid approach to restrict intake and reduce absorption. Despite the successful completion of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric diversion, 10% to 20% of patients still experience regained body mass or other complications.
PATIENT CONCERNS
The patient had regained weight after all the RYGB surgeries, and after diet and exercise control, the results were not good, so she came to our department for treatment.
DIAGNOSES
Dilatation of the gastric pouch was observed on iodinated water imaging of the upper gastrointestinal tract and on abdominal CT.
INTERVENTIONS
We report 2 patients with dilated gastric bursa after RYGB, both female, who underwent gastric diversion revision.
OUTCOMES
Both patients in this case underwent laparoscopic gastric diversion correction to improve weight rebound. Their quality of life improved significantly after treatment. There were no grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events during the treatment period.
LESSONS
The above cases suggest that patients who regain weight after RYGB should routinely undergo preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal iodine hydrography in order to observe the muscle tone of the patient's gastric bursa and the degree of dilatation of the gastrointestinal anastomosis and consider whether to correct the dilated gastric bursa intraoperatively before converting to LSG.
Topics: Humans; Female; Obesity, Morbid; Gastric Bypass; Gastrectomy; Quality of Life; Reoperation; Laparoscopy; Dystocia; Retrospective Studies; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37904354
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035077 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2023Congenital goitre is a deadly thyroid metabolic disorder characterised by low thyroid hormone levels, subsequent secretion of excess Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)...
Congenital goitre is a deadly thyroid metabolic disorder characterised by low thyroid hormone levels, subsequent secretion of excess Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, and compensatory thyroid gland hyperplasia. This study aimed to summarise the clinical and pathological features of congenital goitre in a goat kid. In April 2019, a dead female goat kid with a history of dystocia was referred to Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, to examine the carcass and find the reason for death. The necropsy were performed, along with histopathology examination, and clinical signs were recorded. Examination of the foetus revealed the presence of an enlarged thyroid gland, and the skin was thick with myxedema, pale, and without hair. After cutting the skin, the swelling showed a significantly enlarged thyroid gland with two asymmetrical lobes, with the right lobe 3.9×7.1 cm and the left 3.7×7.5 cm in size. In the histopathological examination, a severe proliferation of follicular cells was observed, which caused the thyroid gland to be microscopically dense. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of recognising and addressing congenital goitre in goat kids. To prevent such tragic outcomes, it is crucial to focus on early detection and intervention. Furthermore, the agents of goitre need to find out and be clear.
Topics: Female; Animals; Goats; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Goiter; Goat Diseases
PubMed: 37897206
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1313 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023One in 20 births could be affected by hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (hEDS/HSD); however, these are under-diagnosed and lacking...
One in 20 births could be affected by hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (hEDS/HSD); however, these are under-diagnosed and lacking research. This study aimed to examine outcomes and complications in people childbearing with hEDS/HSD. A large online international survey was completed by women with experience in childbearing and a diagnosis of hEDS/HSD ( = 947, total pregnancies = 1338). Data were collected on demographics, pregnancy and birth outcomes and complications. Participants reported pregnancies in the UK ( = 771), USA ( = 364), Australia ( = 106), Canada ( = 60), New Zealand ( = 23) and Ireland ( = 14). Incidences were higher in people with hEDS/HSD than typically found in the general population for pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, pre-term rupture of membranes, pre-term birth, antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, hyperemesis gravidarum, shoulder dystocia, caesarean wound infection, postpartum psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, precipitate labour and being born before arrival at place of birth. This potential for increased risk related to maternal and neonatal outcomes and complications highlights the importance of diagnosis and appropriate care considerations for childbearing people with hEDS/HSD. Recommendations include updating healthcare guidance to include awareness of these possible complications and outcomes and including hEDS/HSD in initial screening questionnaires of perinatal care to ensure appropriate consultation and monitoring can take place from the start.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Joint Instability; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uterine Hemorrhage
PubMed: 37887695
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206957 -
AJOG Global Reports Nov 2023The risk of third- and fourth-degree perineal laceration after vaginal delivery in patients with obesity is relatively understudied and has mixed findings in existing...
BACKGROUND
The risk of third- and fourth-degree perineal laceration after vaginal delivery in patients with obesity is relatively understudied and has mixed findings in existing literature.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the association of maternal obesity and obstetric anal sphincter injuries at vaginal delivery.
STUDY DESIGN
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample was retrospectively queried to examine 7,385,341 vaginal deliveries from January 2017 to December 2019. The exposure assignment was obesity status. The main outcomes were third- and fourth-degree perineal lacerations after vaginal delivery. Statistical analysis examining the exposure-outcome association included (1) inverse probability of treatment weighting with log-Poisson regression generalized linear model to account for prepregnant and pregnant confounders for the exposure and (2) multinomial regression model to account for delivery factors in the inverse probability of treatment weighting cohort. The secondary outcomes included (1) the temporal trends of fourth-degree laceration and its associated factors at cohort level and (2) risk factor patterns for fourth-degree laceration by constructing a classification tree model.
RESULTS
In the inverse probability of treatment weighting cohort, patients with obesity were less likely to have fourth-degree lacerations and third-degree lacerations than patients without obesity (fourth-degree laceration: 2.3 vs 3.9 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.69; third-degree laceration: 15.6 vs 20.1 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.82). In contrast, in patients with obesity vs those without obesity, forceps delivery (54.7 vs 3.3 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 17.73; 95% confidence interval, 16.17-19.44), vacuum-assisted delivery (19.8 vs 2.9 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 4.85-5.53), episiotomy (19.2 vs 2.8 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 3.95; 95% confidence interval, 3.71-4.20), and shoulder dystocia (17.8 vs 3.4 per 1000 vaginal deliveries, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 2.29-2.94) were associated with more than a 2-fold increased risk of fourth-degree perineal laceration. Among the group with obesity, patients who had forceps delivery and shoulder dystocia had the highest incidence of fourth-degree laceration (105.3 per 1000 vaginal deliveries). Among the group without obesity, patients who had forceps delivery, shoulder dystocia, and macrosomia had the highest incidence of fourth-degree laceration (294.1 per 1000 vaginal deliveries). The incidence of fourth-degree perineal laceration decreased by 11.9% over time ( trend=.004); moreover, forceps delivery, vacuum-assisted delivery, and episiotomy decreased by 3.8%, 7.6%, and 29.5%, respectively (all, trend<.05).
CONCLUSION
This national-level analysis suggests that patients with obesity are less likely to have obstetric anal sphincter injuries at the time of vaginal delivery. Furthermore, this analysis confirms other known risk factors for fourth-degree laceration, such as forceps delivery, vacuum-assisted delivery, episiotomy, and shoulder dystocia. However, we noted a decreasing trend in fourth-degree lacerations, which may be due to evolving obstetrical practices.
PubMed: 37885968
DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100272 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and diabetes, a disruption in inflammatory mediators occurs, resulting in endothelial microvascular dysfunction, oxidative...
OBJECTIVE
In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and diabetes, a disruption in inflammatory mediators occurs, resulting in endothelial microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and maternal and feto-neonatal complications. To outline this proinflammatory status, an innovative approach is represented by the measurement of proinflammatory cytokines. Among these biomarkers, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) play a key role in metabolic regulation, immune response to infections, tissue homeostasis, and "food-related inflammation." The aim of the present study is to investigate the blood expression of BAFF and PAF in a cohort of pregnant women affected by obesity and diabetes compared with a control group of healthy pregnant women.
METHODS
A prospective longitudinal cohort study has been conducted on pregnant women referred to Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS in Rome. For each pregnant woman, a capillary sample was collected with a swab in three different consecutive evaluations carried out in the three trimesters of pregnancy.
RESULTS
A total of 77 pregnant women have been enrolled. No significant differences in BAFF and PAF levels were longitudinally observed between groups. Focusing on the exposed group, in the third trimester of pregnancy, both PAF and BAFF levels were lower than the basal time. Among the selected group of patients who developed Gestational Diabetes, only PAF values were longitudinally lower when compared to other groups. The multivariate analysis showed that BAFF levels were positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. No macrosomia, no shoulder dystocia, no major perineal lacerations at birth, and no intrauterine growth restriction were observed in the whole population.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the involvement of metabolic and proinflammatory biomarkers in the mechanisms related to pregnancy complications. Improving a good metabolic environment for obese and diabetic pregnant women could break the vicious cycle connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Biomarkers; Diabetes, Gestational; Inflammation; Longitudinal Studies; Obesity; Obesity, Maternal; Platelet Activating Factor; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37872771
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2272010 -
Women and Birth : Journal of the... Feb 2024During childbirth, one of the most common diagnoses of pathology is 'failure to progress', frequently resulting in labour augmentation and intervention cascades....
BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM
During childbirth, one of the most common diagnoses of pathology is 'failure to progress', frequently resulting in labour augmentation and intervention cascades. However, failure to progress is poorly defined and evidence suggests that some instances of slowing, stalling and pausing labour patterns may represent physiological plateaus.
AIM
To explore how midwives conceptualise physiological plateaus and the significance such plateaus may have for women's labour trajectory and birth outcome.
METHODS
Twenty midwives across Australia participated in semi-structured interviews between September 2020 and February 2022. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was applied to analyse data, including multi-phasic coding and application of constant comparative methods, resulting in a novel theory of physiological plateaus that is firmly supported by participant data.
FINDINGS
This study found that the conceptualisation of plateauing labour depends largely on health professionals' philosophical assumptions around childbirth. While the Medical Dominant Paradigm frames plateaus as invariably pathological, the Holistic Midwifery Paradigm acknowledges plateaus as a common and valuable element of labour that serves a self-regulatory purpose and results in good birth outcomes for mother and baby.
DISCUSSION
Contemporary medicalised approaches in maternity care, which are based on an expectation of continuous labour progress, appear to carry a risk for a misinterpretation of physiological plateaus as pathological.
CONCLUSION
This study challenges the widespread bio-medical conceptualisation of plateauing labour as failure to progress, encourages a renegotiation of what can be considered healthy and normal during childbirth, and provides a stimulus to acknowledge the significance of childbirth philosophy for maternity care practice.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Grounded Theory; Maternal Health Services; Parturition; Delivery, Obstetric; Labor, Obstetric; Midwifery
PubMed: 37867094
DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2023.10.003 -
Clinical Case Reports Oct 2023Schistosomus reflexus (SR), an unusual congenital defect in calves, can be diagnosed grossly by exposed viscera and curved spine with hindquarters twisted up toward the...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Schistosomus reflexus (SR), an unusual congenital defect in calves, can be diagnosed grossly by exposed viscera and curved spine with hindquarters twisted up toward the head. SR is typically associated with dystocia and fetal deaths in cows. Hence, cattle breeding programs must be aware of these anomalies to avoid losses from abnormal, non-viable calves.
ABSTRACT
Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare and fatal congenital malformation in bovines from autosomal recessive disorders. We report a typical case of SR in a non-viable calf after the cesarean section of a crossbred Friesian cow. It was characterized by the inversion of the spinal column and a pronounced ventral curvature causing the cranium to be positioned near the sacrum and tail, along with exposed thoracic and abdominal viscera, limb ankylosis, and tongue protrusion. The postoperative management of the cow, along with the outcome, is also described here.
PubMed: 37808575
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8009 -
Veterinary Sciences Aug 2023A review of congenital malformations in swine relating to abnormal twinning was carried out. The aim was to describe and estimate these defects. Among the recorded... (Review)
Review
A review of congenital malformations in swine relating to abnormal twinning was carried out. The aim was to describe and estimate these defects. Among the recorded twins, the most common defect was the or . A couple of dicephali and diprosopus congenital anomalies were also registered. At last, some cases of thoraco-omphalopagus piglets were surveyed. There was also a report of an acardiac twin () and a case of a conjoined parasitic twin. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition, frequently reported in veterinary practice, are discussed. The importance of embryonic imperfect twinning is commonly associated with dystocia.
PubMed: 37756058
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090534