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Medicine May 2024Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequently observed complication in advanced malignant tumors. Clinical studies have shown that lentinan for injection (LNT) is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequently observed complication in advanced malignant tumors. Clinical studies have shown that lentinan for injection (LNT) is beneficial for improving patients' quality of life and prolonging their survival. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LNT combining cisplatin in the treatment of MPE.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LNT combining cisplatin in the treatment of MPE were searched in 6 literature databases from the establishment time of each database by 2 researchers. According to the inclusion criteria, 2 researchers independently screened studies, assessed the risk of bias and conducted subgroup analyses for different outcome indicators according to the specific characteristics of the included literature. Analyzing the data by Revman software, and evaluating the stability of the results by Stata software.
RESULTS
A total of 52 RCTs were included. The results showed that combined use of LNT and cisplatin could improve the treatment effect, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (RR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.33 ~ 1.46, P < .001). And the combined use of LNT could increase the quality of life (RR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.35 ~ 1.56, P < .001). The using of LNT could significantly decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions (RR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.78 ~ 0.94, P < .001). Sensitivity analysis results showed that there were no qualitative changes in the indicator, and suggested the possibility of publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence suggested the combined use of LNT and cisplatin showed better efficacy in treating MPE without increasing ADR incidence than using cisplatin alone. LNT is an ideal treatment for MPE, which has high clinical application value.
Topics: Humans; Cisplatin; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Lentinan; Antineoplastic Agents; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38788041
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038032 -
Poultry Science May 2024Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a significant tumorigenic virus that causes severe immunosuppression in chickens. Lentinan (LNT) is an immunomodulator containing...
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a significant tumorigenic virus that causes severe immunosuppression in chickens. Lentinan (LNT) is an immunomodulator containing β-glucans and is widely used in areas such as antiviral, anticancer, and immune regulation. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of LNT on specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and its potential to inhibit MDV infection, we conducted an MDV challenge experiment and observed the immune-enhancing effect of LNT on SPF chicks. The results showed that LNT promoted the growth and development of SPF chicks and induced the upregulation of cytokines such as Mx protein, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The specific gravity of CD4 T-lymphocytes and CD8 T-lymphocytes and their ratios were also significantly upregulated. Prophylactic use of LNT inhibited MDV replication in lymphocytes, liver, and spleen. It also alleviated MDV-induced weight loss and hepatosplenomegaly in SPF chicks. The present study confirms that LNT can enhance the levels of innate and cellular immunity in SPF chicks and contributes to the inhibition of MDV replication in vivo and mitigation of immune organ damage in chicks due to MDV infection. This provides an adjunctive measure for better control of MDV infection.
PubMed: 38772093
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103840 -
Bioactive Materials Aug 2024Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients, but its clinical treatment is seriously limited by side effects of drugs...
Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients, but its clinical treatment is seriously limited by side effects of drugs such as poor efficacy, low bioavailability and severe nephrotoxicity. Trace element selenium (Se) has been found will affect the disease progression of pneumonia, but its antivirus efficacy could be improved by speciation optimization. Therefore, herein we performed -HAdV effects of different Se speciation and found that lentinan (LNT)-decorated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent -HAdV antiviral activity. Furthermore, SeNPs@LNT reduced the HAdV infection-induced mitochondrial damage and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was also involved in the repair of host cell DNA damage and inhibition of viral DNA replication. SeNPs@LNT inhibited HAdV-induced apoptosis mainly by modulating the p53/Bcl-2 apoptosis signaling pathway. , SeNPs@LNT replenished Se by targeting the infected site through the circulatory system and was involved in the synthesis of Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1). More importantly, GPx1 played an antioxidant and immunomodulatory role in alleviating HAdV-induced inflammatory cytokine storm and alleviating adenovirus pneumonia in Se-deficient mice. Collectively, this study provides a Se speciation of SeNPs@LNT with -HAdV activity, and demonstrate that SeNPs@LNT is a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of HAdV.
PubMed: 38745588
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.034 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024In this study, we investigated the effects of lentinan (LNT) on hematological parameters, immune indices, and metabolite levels in dairy cows. We randomly assigned forty...
In this study, we investigated the effects of lentinan (LNT) on hematological parameters, immune indices, and metabolite levels in dairy cows. We randomly assigned forty Holstein cows to four treatment groups. The treatments consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/d of LNT. Compared with the control group, the addition of 10 g/d of LNT decreased the content of ALT and IL-8 but simultaneously increased the content of IL-4 in the cows' serum. Supplementation with 10 g/d of LNT decreased the levels of lymphocyte, RDW, ALT, AST, TC, IL-2, and IL-8, but, concurrently, in-creased the levels of granulocytes and IL-4 in their serum. In addition, supplementation with 15 g/d of LNT decreased the levels of RDW, TC, IL-2, and IL-8, but, at the same time, increased the levels of IL-4 and IgM in their serum. For the metabolomic analysis, cows fed with 0 and 10 g/d of LNT were selected. The results showed that 10 metabolites, including reduced nicotinamide riboside and trehalose, were upregulated in the 10 g/d group. These differential metabolites were enriched in tyrosine metabolism and trehalose degradation and altered two metabolic pathways of ubiquinone and other terpene quinone biosynthesis, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings provide evidence that LNT could be used to reduce the risk of inflammation in dairy cows.
PubMed: 38731317
DOI: 10.3390/ani14091314 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Medicinal mushrooms are multicomponent mixtures (MOCSs). They consist of a large number of individual compounds, each with different chemical structures, functions, and... (Review)
Review
Medicinal mushrooms are multicomponent mixtures (MOCSs). They consist of a large number of individual compounds, each with different chemical structures, functions, and possible pharmacological activities. In contrast to the activity of an isolated pure substance, the effects of the individual substances in a mushroom or its extracts can influence each other; they can strengthen, weaken, or complement each other. This results in both advantages and disadvantages for the use of either a pure substance or a multicomponent mixture. The review describes the differences and challenges in the preparation, characterization, and application of complex mixtures compared to pure substances, both obtained from the same species. As an example, we use the medicinal and culinary mushroom , shiitake, and some of its isolated compounds, mainly lentinan and eritadenine.
PubMed: 38392825
DOI: 10.3390/jof10020153 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jan 2024Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from... (Review)
Review
Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from shiitake mushrooms with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor functions. Inflammatory diseases and cancers are the leading causes of death worldwide, posing a serious threat to human life and health and posing enormous challenges to global health systems. There is still a lack of effective treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer. LNT has been approved as an adjunct to chemotherapy in China and Japan. Studies have shown that LNT plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as oncological diseases. Moreover, clinical experiments have confirmed that LNT combined with chemotherapy drugs has a significant effect in improving the prognosis of patients, enhancing their immune function and reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. However, the relevant mechanism of action of the LNT signaling pathway in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism and clinical research of LNT in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases in recent years.
Topics: Humans; Lentinan; Stomach Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Prognosis
PubMed: 38172925
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01585-7 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Lentinan has antiviral, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, stimulating interferon production, and other pharmacological effects. Previous animal experiments have shown that...
Lentinan has antiviral, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, stimulating interferon production, and other pharmacological effects. Previous animal experiments have shown that lentinan nasal drops can assist [Corona Virus Disease 2019) COVID-19] vaccine to induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and can effectively resist the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lentinan nasal drops in patients infected with Omicron (SARS-CoV-2 variant) through a dose-escalation study and a placebo-controlled trial. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The study was divided into two phases: Phase I: a dose escalation trial in which 24 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, that is, 12 in the escalation dose group (50, 75, and 100 µg/day) and 12 in the standard treatment group. The aim was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of lentinan nasal drops. The second stage was a placebo-controlled study. The optimal dose group of the first stage was used as the therapeutic dose, and the sample size was expanded to verify the anti-COVID-19 efficacy of lentinan nasal drops. In the dose-increasing study, lentinan nasal drops showed good safety, and no serious adverse reactions occurred. The virus shedding time of the 100 µg dose group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (7.75 ± 1.71 VS 13.41 ± 3.8 days) ( = 0.01), and the 100 µg/day lentinan nasal drops were tolerated well. The results of the placebo-controlled study showed that compared with that in the placebo group, the time for COVID-19 antigen to turn negative was significantly shorter in the 100 µg lentinan nasal drop group ( = 0.0298), but no significant difference was observed in symptom improvement between the two groups. In the placebo-controlled study, two patients experienced mild nasal discomfort with nasal drops, but the symptoms relieved themselves. Lentinan nasal drops are tolerated well and can shorten the time of virus clearance.
PubMed: 38108068
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1292479 -
Parasites & Vectors Dec 2023Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is increasingly considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is only limited information on the development of...
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is increasingly considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is only limited information on the development of drugs for T. gondii infection. Lentinan from Lentinula edodes is a bioactive ingredient with the potential to enhance anti-infective immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lentinan on T. gondii-associated cognitive deficits in mice.
METHODS
A chronic T. gondii infection mouse model was established by administering 10 cysts of T. gondii by gavage. Lentinan was intraperitoneally administered 2 weeks before infection. Behavioral tests, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Golgi-Cox staining were performed to assess the effect of lentinan on cognitive deficits and neuropathology in vivo. In vitro, the direct and indirect effects of lentinan on the proliferation of T. gondii tachyzoites were evaluated in the absence and presence of BV-2 cells, respectively.
RESULTS
Lentinan prevented T. gondii-induced cognitive deficits and altered the transcriptome profile of genes related to neuroinflammation, microglial activation, synaptic function, neural development and cognitive behavior in the hippocampus of infected mice. Moreover, lentinan reduced the infection-induced accumulation of microglia and downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the neurite and synaptic ultrastructural damage in the hippocampal CA1 region due to infection was ameliorated by lentinan administration. Lentinan decreased the cyst burden in the brains of infected mice, which was correlated with behavioral performance. In line with this finding, lentinan could significantly inhibit the proliferation of T. gondii tachyzoites in the microglial cell line BV2, although lentinan had no direct inhibitory effect on parasite growth.
CONCLUSIONS
Lentinan prevents cognitive deficits via the improvement of neurite impairment and synaptic loss induced by T. gondii infection, which may be associated with decreased cyst burden in the brain. Overall, our findings indicate that lentinan can ameliorate T. gondii-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Lentinan; Toxoplasmosis; Brain; Toxoplasma; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognition
PubMed: 38093309
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06023-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023No matter what treatment is used after nerve transection, a complete cure is impossible, so basic and clinical research is underway to find a cure. As part of this... (Review)
Review
No matter what treatment is used after nerve transection, a complete cure is impossible, so basic and clinical research is underway to find a cure. As part of this research, autophagy is being investigated for its role in nerve regeneration. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the involvement and significance of autophagy in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the induction and role of autophagy in peripheral nerve injury and subsequent regeneration. Studies were included if they were prospective or retrospective investigations of autophagy and facial or peripheral nerves. Articles not mentioning autophagy or the facial or peripheral nerves, review articles, off-topic articles, and those not written in English were excluded. A total of 14 peripheral nerve studies that met these criteria, including 11 involving sciatic nerves, 2 involving facial nerves, and 1 involving the inferior alveolar nerve, were included in this review. Studies conducted on rats and mice have demonstrated activation of autophagy and expression of related factors in peripheral nerves with or without stimulation of autophagy-inducing factors such as rapamycin, curcumin, three-dimensional melatonin nerve scaffolds, CXCL12, resveratrol, nerve growth factor, lentinan, adipose-derived stem cells and melatonin, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epothilone B. Among the most studied of these factors in relation to degeneration and regeneration of facial and sciatic nerves are LC3II/I, PI3K, mTOR, Beclin-1, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, ATG9, and ATG12. This analysis indicates that autophagy is involved in the process of nerve regeneration following facial and sciatic nerve damage. Inadequate autophagy induction or failure of autophagy responses can result in regeneration issues after peripheral nerve damage. Animal studies suggest that autophagy plays an important role in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Melatonin; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Peripheral Nerves; Sciatic Nerve; Nerve Regeneration; Autophagy
PubMed: 38003409
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216219 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2296574.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2296574.].
PubMed: 37829546
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9827631