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The Journal of Nutrition Jun 2024Consumption of whole grains is associated with a reduction in chronic diseases and offers benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolic regulation. The relationship...
BACKGROUND
Consumption of whole grains is associated with a reduction in chronic diseases and offers benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolic regulation. The relationship between whole grain corn and corn bran with the gut microbiota (GM) remains an area of growing interest, particularly regarding their influence on cardio-metabolic health.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of different corn flours on cardio-metabolic outcomes and GM changes in adults with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations.
METHODS
In this crossover study, 36 adults with LDL-c above 110 mg/dL consumed 48 g/day of three corn flour types for four weeks: whole-grain corn meal (WCM), refined corn meal (RCM), and a blend of RCM and corn bran (RCM+B). We assessed the impact on cardio-metabolic markers (LDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides [TG]) and GM composition and estimated function. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects modeling and responder (> 5% decrease in LDL-c) analysis to evaluate changes in GM related to lipid profile improvements.
RESULTS
Of the three corn flour types, only RCM+B significantly decreased LDL-c over time (-10.4±3.6 mg/dL, P = 0.005) and marginally decreased TC (-9.2±3.9, P = 0.072) over time. There were no significant effects on HDL-c or TG concentrations. No significant changes were observed in GM alpha diversity, while beta diversity metrics indicated individual variability. Two genera, unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Agathobaculum (P ≤ 0.096), differed significantly by treatment, but only Agathobaculum remained significantly elevated in the WCM, compared to RCM and RCM+B, after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
CONCLUSIONS
The type of corn flour, particularly RCM+B, notably influenced LDL-c concentrations in adults with elevated LDL-c. This study suggests that incorporating milled fractions (e.g. bran) of whole grain corn with refined corn flour may be a viable alternative to supplementing manufactured grain products with isolated or synthetic fibers for improved metabolic health.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov ID: NCT03967990.
PubMed: 38880174
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.003 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that play an important role in liver development and regeneration....
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that play an important role in liver development and regeneration. Additionally, it is involved in various pathological processes, including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs after culture greatly limits their use in vitro modeling for biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a highly efficient protocol to induce LSEC-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in only 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we identified several novel LSEC-specific markers, such as EPAS1, LIFR, and NID1, as well as several previously revealed markers, such as CLEC4M, CLEC1B, CRHBP and FCN3. These LSEC markers are specifically expressed in our LSEC-like cells. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived cells expressed LSEC-specific proteins and exhibited LSEC-related functions, such as the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) and immune complex endocytosis. Overall, this study confirmed that our novel protocol allowed hiPSCs to rapidly acquire an LSEC-like phenotype and function in vitro. The ability to generate LSECs efficiently and rapidly may help to more precisely mimic liver development and disease progression in a liver-specific multicellular microenvironment, offering new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Endothelial Cells; Liver; Cell Differentiation; Single-Cell Analysis; Cells, Cultured; Biomarkers; Lipoproteins, LDL; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38879647
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64195-1 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jun 2024There has been a substantial increase in the use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to treat morbid obesity despite observational evidence demonstrating the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
There has been a substantial increase in the use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to treat morbid obesity despite observational evidence demonstrating the superiority of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The main aim was to ascertain whether high LDL cholesterol levels should be considered when selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure for each patient (RYGB or SG).
METHODS
In this single-center, randomized clinical trial using intention-to-treat analysis, 38 patients with severe obesity and elevated levels of LDL cholesterol were randomly assigned to undergo RYGB or SG. The primary outcome was LDL cholesterol remission at 12 months, defined as LDL cholesterol < 3.36 nmol/l without lipid-lowering medications. Secondary outcomes included changes in weight, other comorbidities, qualitative lipoprotein traits, cholesterol esters, glycoproteins, cholesterol absorption and synthesis metabolites and complications.
RESULTS
Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol remission occurred in 66.6% of RYGB patients compared to 27.8% of SG patients (p = 0.019). Among patients completing follow-up, RYGB demonstrated superior remission (80.0% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.005). Exclusive benefits of RYGB included a reduction in large, medium, and small LDL particles. Cholesterol absorption markers showed differential behavior after both techniques: campesterol (Δ -15.2 µg/mg, 95% CI -30.2 to -0.1) decreased after RYGB, and sitosterol (Δ 21.1 µg/mg, 95% CI 0.9 to 41.2), cholestanol (Δ 30.6 µg/mg, 95% CI 14.8 to 57.9) and campesterol (Δ 18.4 µg/mg, 95% CI 4.4 to 32.3) increased after SG. No differences in weight loss, cholesterol esters, glycoproteins, cholesterol synthesis metabolites or postoperative complications were observed between techniques.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, RYGB is superior to SG in terms of short-term of high LDL cholesterol remission. Furthermore, RYGB also led to a greater improvement in lipoprotein parameters that confer an atherogenic profile. Therefore, the presence of elevated levels of LDL cholesterol should be considered when determining the optimal bariatric surgery procedure for each patient.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT03975478).
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Gastric Bypass; Gastrectomy; Adult; Middle Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Treatment Outcome; Obesity, Morbid; Time Factors; Biomarkers; Weight Loss; Remission Induction; Laparoscopy; Hypercholesterolemia; Sitosterols
PubMed: 38879559
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02296-x -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jun 2024Stroke is a common complication of hypertension, but the predictive value of metabolic syndrome parameters' variability on stroke risk in individuals with hypertension...
BACKGROUND
Stroke is a common complication of hypertension, but the predictive value of metabolic syndrome parameters' variability on stroke risk in individuals with hypertension remains unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome parameters' variability and the risk of total stroke and its subtypes in hypertensive patients.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study included 17,789 individuals with hypertension from the Kailuan study since 2006. Metabolic syndrome parameters, including waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG), were collected at three follow-up visits in the 2006, 2008, and 2010 surveys. We assess the variability utilizing the coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), average real variation (ARV), and variability independent of the mean (VIM), with CV initially assessed. Participants were categorized based on the number of high-variability metabolic syndrome parameters (0, 1, 2, ≥ 3). Stroke cases were identified by reviewing medical records. The associations between variability in metabolic syndrome parameters and the risk of total stroke and its subtypes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.
RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 9.32 years, 1223 cases of stroke were recorded. Participants with ≥ 3 high-variability metabolic syndrome parameters had an increased risk of total stroke (HR: 1.29, 95%CI 1.09-1.52), as well as an increased risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 1.31, 95%CI 1.05-1.63) compared to those without high-variability parameters. The study also examined variability in each metabolic syndrome parameter, and significant associations with an increased risk of total stroke were observed for variability in SBP (HR: 1.24, 95%CI 1.05-1.46) and HDL-C (HR: 1.34, 95%CI 1.09-1.64).
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term fluctuations in metabolic syndrome parameters significantly increase the risk of total stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Maintaining low variability in metabolic syndrome parameters could benefit health, and hypertensive individuals must be regularly monitored.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Hypertension; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Incidence; Risk Assessment; Aged; Stroke; Blood Glucose; Time Factors; Blood Pressure; Biomarkers; China; Prognosis; Triglycerides; Waist Circumference; Cholesterol, HDL; Adult
PubMed: 38879482
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02282-3 -
Journal of Lipid Research Jun 2024Patients with schizophrenia show a disproportionally increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is prevalent in this population, however how this...
Patients with schizophrenia show a disproportionally increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is prevalent in this population, however how this relates to levels of remnant cholesterol, triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size and composition, TG turnover, and apolipoprotein (apo) and angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) concentrations is unknown. Fasting levels of cholesterol (total [TC], LDL-C, HDL-C, non-HDL-C and remnant cholesterol) and TG were determined in 110 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 46 healthy controls. TRL particle size, concentration and composition, and β-hydroxybutyrate (TG turnover marker) were assessed by NMR. ApoCII, apoCIII, apoE, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 levels were measured by ELISA, and apoCII, apoCIII and apoE were further evaluated in HDL and non-HDL fractions. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly elevated TG, TG:apoB ratio, non-HDL-C, remnant cholesterol, non-HDL-apoCII and non-HDL-apoCIII, and HDL-apoE (all p<0.05), lower HDL-C and apoA-I (all p<0.001), and comparable apoB, TC, TC:apoB ratio, LDL-C, β-hydroxybutyrate, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 to healthy controls. Patients had a 12.0- and 2.5-fold increase in the concentration of large and medium TRL particles respectively, but similar cholesterol:TG ratio within each particle. Plasma TG, remnant cholesterol, and large and medium TRL particle concentrations correlated strongly with apoCII, apoCIII, and apoE in the non-HDL fraction, and with apoCIII and apoE in the HDL fraction in patients with schizophrenia. Differences in TG, HDL-C, TRL particle concentrations, apoCIII and apoE between patients and controls persisted after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Patients with schizophrenia have a marked increase in large and medium TRL species associated with elevated remnant cholesterol, apoCII, apoCIII and apoE. These results are consistent with impaired TRL lipolysis and clearance which may be responsive to targeting apoCIII.
PubMed: 38879166
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100577 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Patients with periodontitis have a higher risk of CVD, although a causal relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Patients with periodontitis have a higher risk of CVD, although a causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is able to control inflammation at local and systemic levels. This study aimed to analyze the effect of NSPT on CVD risk markers.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched from their inception to April 1, 2023, to identify and select articles without any language restrictions. Eleven CVD-related markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were selected. Meta-analyses were performed using random and fixed effect models. The differences were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
RESULTS
From 1353 studies, twenty-one randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed a significant decrease in CRP, IL-6, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) after NSPT.
CONCLUSION
Moderate certainty evidence shows that NSPT has a positive effect on the reduction of IL-6 and SBP in patients with periodontitis, while low certainty evidence shows that NSPT is effective for reduction of CRP. Moderate certainty evidence showed that NSPT did not show a positive effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and low certainty evidence showed that NSPT did not show a positive effect on Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews), number CRD42022377565.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; C-Reactive Protein; Biomarkers; Interleukin-6; Periodontitis; Blood Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38877442
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04433-0 -
Medicine Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a resistance exercise program in the bedridden older adults in China. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of resistance exercise program on muscle strength, cardiopulmonary function and glycolipid metabolism of bedridden population aged 80 years and above: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a resistance exercise program in the bedridden older adults in China.
METHODS
The patients aged 80 years and above with stable diseases were randomly divided into control group (receiving routine treatment and nursing) and training group (receiving the elastic ball and elastic band training applied for 55 minutes, 3 times a week during 6 months).
RESULTS
A total of 59 patients (control group: 30; training groups: 29) completed the study. In terms of muscle strength, the patients of the training group had better grip strength and supine leg lifts and 30-s sit-to-stand actions. In terms of cardiopulmonary function and glycolipid metabolism, the patients in the training groups had better lung capacity and high-density lipoprotein.
CONCLUSION
The low-load and low-intensity resistance training may effectively improve not only the muscle strength of the bedridden older adults, but also the lung function and blood lipid metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training; Aged, 80 and over; Glycolipids; Bedridden Persons; China; Hand Strength; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 38875406
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038412 -
Medicine Jun 2024To assess knowledge about cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the general population, we emphasized gender-related disparities and other lifestyle and health-related...
Knowledge of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in the general adult population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study examining gender disparities.
To assess knowledge about cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the general population, we emphasized gender-related disparities and other lifestyle and health-related factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 individuals from the general population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge of CVD types, symptoms, and risk factors. The majority of participants identified coronary heart disease (73.7%) as having CVD, with no sex effect. Males had higher knowledge regarding cerebrovascular disease (44% vs 31.5%) and congenital heart diseases (60% vs 51.9%) as being part of CVD, while they had lower knowledge of peripheral arterial disease (44% vs 50.7%) than females, respectively (P < .05). Males exhibited better knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptoms than females. Knowledge was optimal for major CVD risk factors, such as smoking (90.6%) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (85.1%); however, gaps were observed in recognizing diabetes (56.2%) and stress (69.4%) as factors for CVD. The mean overall knowledge score was 16.33 ± 5.72 25, with no difference between sexes (P = .239). Predictors of good CVD knowledge included university-level education, daily healthy food consumption, and perceived life as highly stressful; nonetheless, sex showed no significant effect. While the general population displayed a suboptimal understanding of CVD, notable sex disparities were observed, highlighting the need for tailored public health interventions. Emphasizing cognitive and behavioral aspects can foster better prevention and management strategies, given the evident gender disparities.
Topics: Humans; Saudi Arabia; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Adult; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38875402
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038566 -
Medicine Jun 2024Diabetes nephropathy (DN), as one of the common complications of diabetes, is characterized by persistent albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and elevated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Diabetes nephropathy (DN), as one of the common complications of diabetes, is characterized by persistent albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and elevated arterial blood pressure. At present, Xuebijing injection is widely used in the treatment of DN. However, few systematic reviews and meta-analysis related to Xuebijing injection intervention in DN were published. In order to more systematically and objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection intervention in DN, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analysis to verify it.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS
We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (SinoMed), Weipu Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and other databases by computer, and searched the randomized controlled trials of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of DN at home and abroad from the establishment of the database to 2022. The main outcome indicators included blood glucose, and the secondary outcome indicators included blood lipid, renal function, urinary protein, and safety. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included, including 1233 cases, 618 cases in the treatment group and 615 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the treatment group could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose [mean difference [MD] = -1.90, 95% CI (-2.40, -1.40), P < .00001], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c [MD = -2.38, 95% CI (-2.51, -2.25), P < .00001], 2h postprandial blood glucose [MD = -2.92, 95% CI (-3.95, -1.89), P < .00001], triacylglycerol [MD = -1.08, 95% CI (-1.66, -0.50), P = .0003], total cholesterol [MD = -1.17, 95% CI (-1.39, -0.95), P < .00001], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = -1.19, 95% CI (-1.60, -0.78), P < .00001], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.23, 0.42), P < .00001], serum creatinine [MD = -42.95, 95% CI (-57.46, -28.43), P < .00001], blood urea nitrogen [MD = -2.24, 95%CI (-2.62,-1.86), P < .00001], blood β2 microglobulin [SMD = -1.49, 95% CI (-1.70, -1.28), P < .00001], urine β2 microglobulin [SMD = -0.81, 95% CI (-1.04, -0.58), P < .00001], 24-hour urinary protein quantification [MD = -0.20, 95% CI (-0.26, -0.14), P < .00001], urinary albumin excretion rate [SMD = -1.15, 95% CI (-1.38, -0.93), P < .00001].
CONCLUSION
Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil has more advantages in treating DN compared to routine Western medicine.
Topics: Humans; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Diabetic Nephropathies; Alprostadil; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injections; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Blood Glucose; Treatment Outcome; Lipids
PubMed: 38875385
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032095 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; PCSK9 Inhibitors; Proteomics; Proprotein Convertase 9; Anticholesteremic Agents
PubMed: 38874077
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.033190