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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024An advantage of masticators is the calibration and possible standardization of intra- and inter-individual mastication variability. However, mastication of soft, sticky...
An advantage of masticators is the calibration and possible standardization of intra- and inter-individual mastication variability. However, mastication of soft, sticky and melting products, such as processed cream cheeses, is challenging to reproduce with a masticator. The objectives of this work were, for the cheese studied: (1) to compare child and adult mastication and (2) to find in vitro parameters which best reproduce their in vivo chewing. Five parameters influencing mastication (mouth volume, quantity consumed, saliva volume, mastication time and number of tongue-palate compressions) were measured in 30 children (5-12 years old) and 30 adults (18-65 years old) and compared between the two populations. They were then transposed to a masticator (Oniris device patent). The initial cheese, a homogeneous white paste, was surface-colored to investigate its in-mouth destructuring. In vivo boli were collected at three chewing stages (33, 66 and 99% of mastication time) and in vitro boli were obtained by varying the number of tongue-palate compressions and the rotation speed. In vivo and in vitro boli were compared by both image and texture analysis. Child masticatory parameters were proportionally smaller than those of adults. The in vivo child boli were less homogeneous and harder than adult ones. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro bolus color and texture enabled the successful determination of two in vitro settings that closely represented the mastication of the two populations studied.
PubMed: 38731689
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091318 -
Cureus Apr 2024Ranula is a fluid collection in a pseudo cystic wall secondary to the damage of the sublingual salivary gland causing blockage of salivary flow, leading to the...
Ranula is a fluid collection in a pseudo cystic wall secondary to the damage of the sublingual salivary gland causing blockage of salivary flow, leading to the extravasation phenomena. The growth rate of ranula varies depending on its severity. Due to its tendency to recur, the gold standard management of ranula has yet to be decided. The authors described two cases of young girls with huge ranulas on the floor of the mouth (FOM) resembling double tongue, which caused pain and discomfort during mastication. Following surgical excision of the ranulas along with the affected sublingual glands, both cases demonstrated successful treatment outcomes with no recurrence observed during post-operative follow-up. These cases highlight the importance of surgical excision of ranulas and removal of affected sublingual glands to prevent recurrence.
PubMed: 38725744
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57884 -
International Journal of Implant... May 2024The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of immediate occlusal loading after implant placement on osseointegration and the micro/nanostructure of...
PURPOSE
The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of immediate occlusal loading after implant placement on osseointegration and the micro/nanostructure of the surrounding bone.
METHODS
After extraction of a rat maxillary right second molar, an implant was placed immediately with initial fixation (2 N< ). The implants were placed to avoid occlusal loading due to mastication, and in the loaded group, a superstructure was fabricated and subjected to occlusal loading. Bone morphometry, collagen fiber anisotropy, and biological apatite (BAp) crystallite alignment were quantitatively evaluated in both groups after extraction and fixation of the jaw bone at Days 7 and 21 after surgery.
RESULTS
Osseointegration was observed in both groups. Bone morphometry showed significant differences in bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) at Days 21 postoperatively (P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in the trabecular separation at Days 7 postoperatively (P < 0.05). In the evaluation of collagen fiber anisotropy, collagen fiber bundles running differently from the existing bone were observed in both groups. In terms of BAp crystallite alignment, a specific structure was observed in the reconstructed new bone after implantation, and preferential orientation of BAp crystallite alignment was observed in the longitudinal direction of the implants in the Day 21 postoperative loaded group.
CONCLUSION
When sufficient initial fixation is achieved at the time of dental implant placement, then the applied masticatory load may contribute to rapidly achieving not only bone volume, but also adequate bone quality after implant placement.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Osseointegration; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Male; Bone Density; Dental Implants; Rats, Wistar; Maxilla; Collagen; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 38722448
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00538-x -
Scientific Reports May 2024Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) are prominent mortality causes in Japan, necessitating effective preventative measures, early diagnosis, and treatment...
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) are prominent mortality causes in Japan, necessitating effective preventative measures, early diagnosis, and treatment to mitigate their impact. A diagnostic model was developed to identify patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, or both, using specific health examination data. Lifestyle habits affecting CCVD development were analyzed using five causal inference methods. This study included 473,734 patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent specific health examinations in Kanazawa, Japan between 2009 and 2018 to collect data on basic physical information, lifestyle habits, and laboratory parameters such as diabetes, lipid metabolism, renal function, and liver function. Four machine learning algorithms were used: Random Forest, Logistic regression, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and eXtreme-Gradient-Boosting (XGBoost). The XGBoost model exhibited superior area under the curve (AUC), with mean values of 0.770 (± 0.003), 0.758 (± 0.003), and 0.845 (± 0.005) for stroke, IHD, and CCVD, respectively. The results of the five causal inference analyses were summarized, and lifestyle behavior changes were observed after the onset of CCVD. A causal relationship from 'reduced mastication' to 'weight gain' was found for all causal species theory methods. This prediction algorithm can screen for asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and stroke. By selecting high-risk patients suspected of having CCVD, resources can be used more efficiently for secondary testing.
Topics: Humans; Life Style; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cardiovascular Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires; Machine Learning; Japan; Adult; Algorithms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38714730
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61047-w -
PloS One 2024The two commonly used diagnostic methods for taurodontism are susceptible to aging changes, mastication wear and other factors. Therefore, this study proposed an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
The two commonly used diagnostic methods for taurodontism are susceptible to aging changes, mastication wear and other factors. Therefore, this study proposed an improved diagnostic method for taurodontism, and compared it with the previous two methods as a supplement for taurodontism diagnosis.
METHODS
The included patients were aged 10-89 years and admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Hebei Eye Hospital from June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023. Eighty cone-beam computed tomography images were divided equally into 4 groups: 10-29, 30-49, 50-69, and 70-89 years old. The right mandibular first molars were selected as measurement objects. Firstly, |BD| and taurodontism index (TI)-related parameters were measured using Shifman and Chanannel's method and crown-body(CB) and root (R) lengths was measured by Seow and Lai's method. The improved method used the length from the cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to the root bifurcation point(body, B)and the root length(root, R)as the measurement objects. Finally, TI, CB/R ratios, and B/R ratios were calculated according to the formulas given below. One-way ANOVA analysis was mainly used to compare the differences in the values, indices and ratios of taurodontism among different age groups (p<0.05).
RESULTS
With the increase of age, |BD| and TI values decreased significantly (p<0.01). The CB/R ratios of 70-89 years group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (p<0.01). Ratios derived from the improved method were significantly lower in the 70-89 years than in 10-29 years group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The |BD| and TI parameters proposed by Shifman and channel are significantly influenced by age. The measurements of Seow and Lai (CB/R ratios) were less affected by age compared with those of the former. The improved method(B/R ratios) was least affected by age, which would reduce error and bias in the measurement of taurodontism and obtain more objective results in older patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Female; Male; Young Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Molar; Tooth Abnormalities; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 38713685
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302810 -
PloS One 2024Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human...
Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and molecular pathways. However, less data is available for this avertible cancer regarding its association with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and chewing habits in this region. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with p16 and chewing habits. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens of 186 samples were tested for HR-HPV type 16/18 by PCR, followed by p16 immunostaining (IHC) in a subset of cases (n = 50). Appropriate statistical tests were applied to find the association between HR-HPV/p16 and peculiar chewing habits with significance criteria of p<0.05 with 95% CI. HR-HPV (type 16 &18) was present in seven out of 186 cases (3.8%). Of these seven cases, five were positive for HPV16, whereas two were positive for HPV16/18. The overall expression of p16 protein in 50 samples was 38% (n = 19), and among these 19-IHC positive samples, 26% were positive for HR-HPV DNA. No significant association was found between HR-HPV positivity and p16 and chewing habits (p>0.05). It was concluded that HR-HPV prevalence in OSCC was very low in our population, with no statistically significant correlation with p16 and chewing habits. These results suggest the role of HR-HPV as an independent risk factor in OSCC in the local setting.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Male; Female; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Human papillomavirus 16; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Risk Factors; Aged; Human papillomavirus 18; Mastication; Pakistan; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38691559
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300354 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Apr 2024The study aimed to assess and compare both the chewing efficiency and the contact area between class I and class II of Angle's malocclusions.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to assess and compare both the chewing efficiency and the contact area between class I and class II of Angle's malocclusions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 120 individuals aged between 19 and 30 years were examined and were divided into two groups according to Angle's class (Class I and class II). The chewing efficiency was quantified using the ViewGum software and two-colored chewing gum. The contact area was quantified using modeling wax and MATLAB software. All data were collected, then, analyzed using SPSS software 21. Data normality was checked through kurtosis test. Descriptive results were calculated. Matched sample t-tests were used to compare chewing efficiency measurements between right and left sides. Independent t-tests were used to compare chewing efficiency and the contact area between class I and class II of Angle's malocclusions. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were used to assess the correlation between chewing efficiency and the contact area. The significance level was fixed at p = 0.05.
RESULTS
For group 1, the mean hue value on both sides was 0.086 ± 0.058. For group 2, it was 0.095 ± 0.055. The difference between both groups was statistically significant (p = 0.03). For group 1, the mean contact area was 49.91 ± 21.47 mm. For group 2, it was 51.42 ± 19.76 mm. The difference was statistically not significant (p = 0.4). The correlation between the contact area and the chewing efficiency in both groups was statistically significant and it was negative (in class I p = 0 and R = -0.616; in class II p = 0.01 and R = -0.408).
CONCLUSION
The Chewing is better for patients with Angle's Class I malocclusion. The contact area is higher. Larger occlusal contact area leads to higher masticatory efficiency. Further studies should be conducted.
PubMed: 38690385
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.12.016 -
Cureus Mar 2024Dental implants enhance the self-assurance and overall well-being of individuals by providing oral comfort during mastication and a notable degree of contentment. The...
INTRODUCTION
Dental implants enhance the self-assurance and overall well-being of individuals by providing oral comfort during mastication and a notable degree of contentment. The objectives of the present study were to assess patients' perception of opting or non-opting for dental implants as a replacement for missing teeth and to determine the correlation between various factors and perceived demand for dental implant treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 214 partially edentulous individuals aged between 21 and 50 years. These patients sought treatment to replace their missing teeth. The participants were provided with detailed information regarding various options for replacing their missing teeth, including removable prostheses, fixed partial dentures, and dental implants. The researchers recorded and evaluated the reasons behind the patients' decision to opt for or decline dental implant treatment using the chi-squared test. Categorical variables were summarized as percentages (n %). The association between variables and binary data was examined using point biserial correlation, whereas, for continuous data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed.
RESULTS
About 65 (30.4%) patients opted for dental implant treatment and 149 (69.6%) patients did not opt for dental implant treatment. Missing teeth were found in 120 women (56.08%) and 94 men (43.92%). The main reason for seeking dental implant treatment was the need for improvement in functions such as chewing in 65 (100%) patients, followed by the need for improvement in oral health in 57 (88%), aesthetics in 54 (83%), need for bone and adjacent teeth preservation in 52 (80%), and durability of dental implants in 46 (71%) patients. The main reasons for not seeking dental implant treatment and opting for fixed prostheses other than dental implants or removable prostheses cost 149 (100%), fear of surgery 132 (91%), underlying health issues 121 (81%), lack of knowledge about dental implants 120 (80.5%), and time management issues 92 (62%). Gender, age, and number of missing teeth showed a negative correlation, whereas level of education, social status, and oral health awareness showed a positive correlation with the perceived need for dental implant treatment.
CONCLUSION
Dental implant treatment was preferred by 30.4% of patients, which was influenced by gender, sex, level of education, social status, awareness of oral health, and number of missing teeth. Cost, fear of surgery, underlying medical conditions, lack of knowledge, and time management are some reasons for not opting for dental implant treatment.
PubMed: 38686275
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57232 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Apr 2024This prospective study is part of a randomised clinical trial and reports the changes in masticatory performance (MP) and bite force, and explores their influential...
Changes in masticatory performance and bite force after treatment with mandibular overdentures retained by four titanium-zirconium mini implants: One-year randomised clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
This prospective study is part of a randomised clinical trial and reports the changes in masticatory performance (MP) and bite force, and explores their influential factors, 1 year after the provision of mandibular overdentures retained by four titanium-zirconium mini implants.
METHODS
Edentulous patients received conventional complete dentures, followed by placement of four mini implants (Straumann® Mini Implant System) in the anterior mandible and converting the conventional prosthesis into a mandibular overdenture. Treatment protocols were randomised using a 2×2 factorial design combining different surgical (flapped vs. flapless) and loading (immediate vs. delayed) protocols. MP was assessed using a two-colour mixing ability test and a colorimetric analysis to measure the level of colour mixing (Variance of Hue-VoH). Maximum voluntary bite force (MBF) was measured by a digital gnathodynamometer in the posterior and anterior regions. Sex, age, surgical and loading protocols and ridge morphology were tested as independent variables. MP and MBF tests were performed at baseline (pre-treatment) and the 3-, 6- and 12-month after implant loading. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and linear mixed-effect model (LMM) regression were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Seventy-four participants were assessed and 73 completed the 1-year follow-up. Statistically significant improvements in functional parameters were observed in all follow-up periods compared to baseline (p < .001). The flapless protocol was associated with higher improvement in MP at the 3-month follow-up (p = .004), while less resorbed ridges were associated with better MP (p = .038) and higher MBF (p < .001).
CONCLUSION
The mandibular overdenture protocol using four titanium-zirconium mini implants was effective in improving MP and MBF of edentulous patients, compared to pre-treatment values. The findings also suggest that improvements in chewing function and bite force are impacted by clinical factors since better outcomes were observed for flapless surgeries and less resorbed edentulous ridges.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.Gov ID NCT04760457.
PubMed: 38685704
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13722 -
Behavioural Processes May 2024In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows...
In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows during interaction with unfamiliar sows was unexpectedly observed in a study assessing social abilities and damaging behaviours in group-housed dry sows. Such chewing was observed frequently and performed by almost all sows. To our knowledge, this behaviour has not been described previously in a social context in pigs, but rather as an oral stereotypic behaviour related to chronic hunger. We describe the behaviour in its social context and speculate on reasons for its occurrence in that context.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mastication; Swine; Social Behavior; Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 38679342
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105042