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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The goal of this study is to determine the accuracy of the PTW Beamscan program in determining the inflection point from Flattening Filter Free Beam Profile utilizing...
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study is to determine the accuracy of the PTW Beamscan program in determining the inflection point from Flattening Filter Free Beam Profile utilizing Multiple Detectors.
METHODS
True Beam Linear Accelerator with 6FFF and 10FFF Photon Energies and 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm Field Sizes were used for this study. Profile measurements were taken with PTW's 729, 1,500, and 1,600 and the Starcheck system, the Pinpoint 3D with Beamscan system, and Linac's EPID. The first-order derivative was utilized in both the Excel spreadsheet and Beamscan software to analyse raw measured data to locate inflection point and the FWHM was calculated. The accuracy of inflection points and FWHM between the Excel sheet calculation and the software program were investigated.
RESULTS
For 10X10 cm2 in the 729 Array, the greatest differences in FWHM were 5.16 mm and 5.04 mm for the X6 FFF and X10 FFF Energies, respectively. The largest difference was 2.26 mm for 1,600 SRS arrays with a 15×15 cm2 field size. The difference in FWHM between Manual and software analysis for 10X10 cm2 and 20X20 cm2 Field Sizes is in decreasing order for detectors from 729, 1,500, 1,600 SRS, Starcheck, Pinpoint 3D, and EPID. In contrast, there is no climbing or declining pattern detected in the difference in Field Width for the 15×15 cm2 Field Size. Similarly, for all detectors except the 1,600 SRS array, the peak of the first-order derivative occurs at the chamber position for a 15X15 cm2 field size.
CONCLUSION
The higher resolution of measurement yields more accuracy in inflection point and the FWHM. Irrespective of measurement resolution, the Beamscan software provided the FWHM closer to the respective nominal Field Size. Out of all detectors, results obtained with Excel Starcheck and EPID are good in agreement with values obtained by the software analysis. Thus, it is shown that Beamscan software is so accurate in determining inflection point of a FFF beam profile and used for routine profile analysis.
Topics: Software; Particle Accelerators; Humans; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Photons; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiometry; Algorithms
PubMed: 38918681
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2177 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on...
OBJECTIVE
The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on tumor progression as well as patient survival.
METHOD
Seventy five breast cancer (BC) patients and 75 controls were included in this research. Two miRNA expressions were estimated using real-time PCR. Biomarkers for BC detection was tested using ROC curves and AUC.
RESULT
miR-129 and miR-145 expressions were significant. miR-129 and miR-145 classifiers (AUC = 0.943 and 0.748, respectively) help diagnose BC. Unlike miR-145, miR-129 did not affect the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis for progression-free survival at the end of the trial. The development of transitional cell carcinoma disease was found to have a strong correlation with miR-145 in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, infiltrating + invasive urothelial carcinoma was also found to be correlated with miR-145. Conversely, elevated miR-129 expression in BC patients did not lead to an increase in cancer-specific recurrence or mortality, as observed in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression studies.
CONCLUSION
The miRNA signature can help detect survival-associated miRNAs and develop BC miRNA therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Female; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Male; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38918674
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2113 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the detector size effect on small-field dosimetry and compare the performance of 6MV WFF/FFF techniques. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate the detector size effect on small-field dosimetry and compare the performance of 6MV WFF/FFF techniques.
METHODS
We investigated the detector size effect on small-field dosimetry and compared the performance of 6MV WFF/FFF techniques. PDD, profile curves, and absorbed dose were measured in water under reference conditions with 6MV (WFF/FFF) techniques. We employed Farmer FC65-P, CC13, CC01, and IBA Razor diode, with Versa Lineac. Subsequently, we replicated this assessment for small-fields under 5cmx5cm dimensions.
RESULTS
For both 6MV WFF/FFF, significant dose differences (Dmax=1.47cm), were ±4.55%, ±6.7, ±12.75% and ±33.3% for 4cmx4cm, 3cmx3cm, 2cmx2cm, and 1cmx1cm, respectively. The average difference relative to D10 was observed to be ±4.66%, ±5.73%, ±6.58%, and ±8.75% for the previous field sizes. Differences between WFF/FFF are neglected values at all field sizes>2.3%, also, the output of the largest detector FC65-P is lower at 55% in the smallest field size. Variation in the profile doesn't exceed a difference of >5% in flatness between WFF/FFF at depth10cm, across all fields, while symmetry is >1%, but radiation output is considerably lower at 55% for FC65-P chamber in 2cmx2cm, 1cmx1cm compared to the CC01 chamber and Razor diode. Significant differences in 1cmx1cm, where FC65-P chamber exhibits around 49% difference compared to Razor diode with 6MV (WFF/FFF). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed in doses with various detectors. Detector-size influences the dose. WFF/FFF techniques show no major differences in small-fields dosimetry. Utilize some situations the advantage of FFF boasting a higher dose rate, consequently reducing treatment time to half.
Topics: Humans; Radiometry; Radiotherapy Dosage; Particle Accelerators; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 38918673
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2105 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Recent studies have highlighted the potential of fetal hepatic stem cells in regenerative treatments for liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of fetal hepatic stem cells in regenerative treatments for liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of fetal stem cell transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis C.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients with liver cirrhosis of all Child-Turcotte-Pugh classes due to chronic hepatitis C, aged 18 to 65 years, were selected for this study. A single intravenous dose of 1 ml containing 6*106 fetal hepatic stem cells, diluted in 20.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, was administered. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by measuring levels of ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin before and after cell therapy.
RESULTS
Post-treatment, a significant reduction was noted in the Child-Pugh score from 8 [6-9] to 7 [6-8] (p<0.001) and the MELD index from 11 [7-15] to 10 [7-14] (p=0.004). Skin itching decreased from 36.7% to 10%. Complaints of weakness increased significantly from 3.3% to 23.3% after 30 days of therapy (p=0.014), and the incidence of reduced appetite increased from 20% to 46.7% (p=0.021). No statistical differences were observed in the frequency of nosebleeds (86.7% initially vs. 90% at day 30, p=0.655) or drowsiness (63.3% initially vs. 76.7% at day 30, p=0.157). Significant reductions were noted in ALT levels by 35% and total bilirubin by 44%. The lack of significant changes in indicators of hepatic-cell insufficiency, particularly the protein-forming function as reflected in total protein and albumin levels, is likely due to the extent of liver tissue damage and thus a delayed recovery.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study affirm the clinical efficacy and promise of fetal hepatic stem cell therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen for patients with liver cirrhosis.
Topics: Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Adult; Adolescent; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Young Adult; Aged; Hepacivirus; Stem Cell Transplantation; Follow-Up Studies; Prognosis
PubMed: 38918672
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2099 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Gastric cancer is a prevalent cancer type worldwide, and significant research efforts are focused on finding effective treatments. Recent studies have highlighted the...
OBJECTIVE
Gastric cancer is a prevalent cancer type worldwide, and significant research efforts are focused on finding effective treatments. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of plasma membrane carriers, particularly solute carriers, in cancer progression. The SLC16A family, notably the SLC16A13 gene, plays a critical role in cancer development and tumor growth. This study aims to explore the impact of reducing SLC16A13 expression in gastric cancer cells on their survival, proliferation, and metastatic potential.
METHODS
Gastric cancer cells (KATO2) were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were then transfected with SLC16A13 si-RNA to lower gene expression. The effects of this si-RNA on cell death and apoptosis were assessed using MTT and flow cytometry assays. Cell migration capabilities were evaluated using the scratch test. Western blot and Real-Time PCR were employed to measure SLC16A13 expression levels and protein detection. Additionally, RT-PCR was used to analyze changes in genes related to apoptosis and cell migration.
RESULTS
The reduction of SLC16A13 expression following si-RNA transfection significantly increased apoptosis and cell death in the KATO2 cell line after 72 hours (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the study revealed that decreased SLC16A13 expression did not impact cancer cell migration. Cell viability, assessed by MTT assay, showed a significant decrease at 48 and 72 hours post-transfection (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that targeting SLC16A13 can effectively increase cell death and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, making it a viable therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Apoptosis; Stomach Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Biomarkers, Tumor; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Cell Line, Tumor; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 38918656
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1953 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024With earlier prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and increased survivorship, post-treatment quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important. The Expanded Prostate...
BACKGROUND
With earlier prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and increased survivorship, post-treatment quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) is a widely adopted QoL instrument for PCa. We aimed to create a Punjabi version of EPIC to further research in the Punjabi-speaking population.
METHODS
A prototype of the Punjabi version of EPIC was created by forward-backward translations and revision. After concluding the cultural adaptation phase by interviewing 15 participants, a pilot version was created. Validation of the pilot version was performed by having 72 participants complete the Punjabi EPIC and another commonly used QoL instrument, the EORTC QLQ-c30, twice within a 4-week period. Test retest reliability (Pearson's correlations and difference distribution) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) were measured using SAS version 9.4.
RESULTS
Modifications were needed for the prototype Punjabi version after forward-backward translations. Cultural adaptation has highlighted a few issues including syntax and terminology. Test-retest reliability of the Urinary, Bowel, Sexual and Hormone domains were 0.88, 0.91, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively, and subscale correlations ranged from 0.75 to 0.93. Internal consistency for domains and subscales was good except for Sexual Domain. Performance of EPIC is comparable, and in some cases, slightly better than validated Punjabi version of EORTC QLQ-C30.
CONCLUSIONS
The EPIC questionnaire was successfully translated into Punjabi and was culturally adapted. The resultant Punjabi version has high reliability and validity and will be an important tool for QoL research in the Punjabi population. EPIC was successfully translated, culturally adapted, and validated with high reliability and validity into Punjabi. It will be a valuable QoL tool for physicians in clinical and research settings, and for patients in decision-making.
Topics: Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Middle Aged; Aged; Psychometrics; Prognosis; Translations; Follow-Up Studies; Pilot Projects; India
PubMed: 38918655
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1945 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used hearing protection devices during working time.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Pressing workers (n=24) of a home appliance industry were studied using hearing protection devices to reduce noise exposure. Twenty two office staff (without exposure to noise) were considered as a control group. Two groups were matched for age, work experience and smoking. Exposure to noise was measured by dosimeter method at workstations. By obtaining 3 ml blood sample, Malondialdehyde levels, Thiol groups and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in all subjects.
RESULTS
Exposure to sound pressure level in pressing workers by considering the noise reduction factor of the earplug was observed in 77.65 dB with minimum 75.1 dB and Maximum 81.22 dB. Plasma thiol groups (0.076 (0.041-0.119) vs (0.110 (0.076-0.197), mmol/l P =0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (361.33± 54.65 vs 414.14± 96.82, µmol/ml P = 0.026) in pressing workers significantly decreased than control group. Pearson correlation showed significant results between exposure to noise and oxidative stress parameters.
CONCLUSION
Exposure to noise wave cause oxidative stress in different site of body. Oxidative stress is an intermediate way for different disease due to noise exposure. Reducing of noise exposure by earplug in pressing workers is not efficient protection for oxidative stress generation. Therefore, hearing protection devices are not a barrier to the harmful effects of noise in occupational exposure.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Occupational Exposure; Adult; Male; Noise, Occupational; Case-Control Studies; Ear Protective Devices; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Antioxidants; Middle Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Malondialdehyde; Female; Occupational Diseases; Industry; Prognosis
PubMed: 38918653
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1929 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Lung cancer is one of the commonest cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Platelets have emerged as key players in cancer development and progression by...
INTRODUCTION
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Platelets have emerged as key players in cancer development and progression by supporting tumor growth, and dissemination. In the present systematic review, we analyzed RNA transfer between cancer cells and platelets and explored potential role of different platelet RNA profiles as onco-signature in diagnosis, subtyping, disease progression and treatment monitoring in carcinoma lung carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Cochrane Manual of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis that included seven studies on patients with lung cancer, with data on tumor-educated platelets, and control group. The outcome measured was based on sensitivity, specificity, and ROC. PUBMED, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials and Science Direct databases were searched using specific search terms until October 2023. QUADAS - 2 tool was used to assess quality, risk of bias and applicability concerns.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed AUC > 70% for different platelet mRNAs, with sensitivity and specificity of more than 60 %. AUC and sensitivity were highest for ITGA2B (AUC 0.922; sensitivity 92.8%). lncRNA GTF2H2-1 was the most specific platelet RNA. On QUADAS-2 tool, 3/7 articles were unclear in reference standards, patient flow timing, and 1/7 had high bias in both aspects. For applicability, 1/7 studies were unclear in reference standards, and 2/7 in index tests.
CONCLUSION
TEP RNA can aid in early diagnosis of lung cancer and of proven utility in its early-stage detection. TEP RNA can also monitor disease progression and treatment response.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Platelets; Prognosis; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 38918651
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1911 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Iodine intake can affect thyroid and breast cells, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is an effective biomarker for iodine intake.
UNLABELLED
Iodine intake can affect thyroid and breast cells, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is an effective biomarker for iodine intake.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to analyze the correlation between urinary iodine concentration in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and breast cancer (BC) subjects.
METHODS
The study consisted of 80 subjects divided into case (20 DTC and 20 BC subjects) and control (40 subjects). Morning urine or spot urine was used for UIC measurement.
RESULTS
In thyroid cancer, UIC median patients and controls were 195.45 ± 133.61 µg/L and 145 ± 39.64 µg/L, respectively, with p =0.33. The UIC median of PTC subjects was significantly higher compared to FTC subjects, 227.12±130.98 μg/L versus 68.75±22.95 μg/L, p=0.00, and papillary thyroid cancer is closely related to a high iodine excretion in urine with contingency coefficient (c)=0.722. In BC patients, regardless of subtypes, breast cancer subjects showed a significantly lower iodine excretion level. The median of UIC patients and controls were 80.05 ± 38.24 µg/L and 144.25 ± 36.79 µg/L, respectively, p=0.000.
CONCLUSIONS
Iodine urine concentrations strongly correlate with the type of DTC histopathology, and in BC subjects, IUC was significantly lower compared to the control.
Topics: Humans; Female; Iodine; Thyroid Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Adult; Prognosis; Male; Follow-Up Studies; Carcinoma, Papillary; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
PubMed: 38918646
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1869 -
ENeuro Jun 2024The magnitude of dopamine signals elicited by rewarding events and their predictors is updated when reward value changes. It is actively debated how readily these...
The magnitude of dopamine signals elicited by rewarding events and their predictors is updated when reward value changes. It is actively debated how readily these dopamine signals adapt and whether adaptation aligns with model-free or model-based reinforcement-learning principles. To investigate this, we trained male rats in a Pavlovian-conditioning paradigm and measured dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core in response to food reward (unconditioned stimulus) and reward-predictive conditioned stimuli (CS), both before and after reward devaluation, induced via either sensory-specific or non-specific satiety. We demonstrate that 1) such devaluation reduces CS-induced dopamine release rapidly, without additional pairing of CS with devalued reward, and irrespective of whether the devaluation was sensory-specific or non-specific. In contrast, 2) reward devaluation did not decrease food reward-induced dopamine release. Surprisingly, 3) post-devaluation reconditioning, by additional pairing of CS with devalued reward, rapidly reinstated CS-induced dopamine signals to pre-devaluation levels. Taken together, we identify distinct, divergent adaptations in dopamine-signal magnitude when reward value is decreased: CS dopamine diminishes but reinstates fast, whereas reward dopamine is resistant to change. This implies that, respective to above-mentioned findings, 1) CS dopamine may be governed by a model-based mechanism, and 2) reward dopamine by a model-free one, where 3) the latter may contribute to swift reinstatement of the former. However, changes in CS dopamine were not selective for sensory-specificity of reward devaluation, which is inconsistent with model-based processes. Thus, mesolimbic dopamine signaling incorporates both model-free and model-based mechanisms, and is not exclusively governed by either. Although it is well-known that dopamine plays a principal role in reward learning, the temporal dynamics and the associated theoretical framework of the dopamine response to changing reward values are debated. Most studies conceptualize and classify dopamine signals as governed exclusively by either model-based or model-free processes. However, our work shows involvement of both processes: the temporal dynamics of dopamine response to conditioned stimuli appear model-based, and the persistence of reward-evoked dopamine to the reward itself appears model-free. The implication of our findings is that either model-free and model-based dynamics can operate in a mixed framework, or that these reinforcement-learning concepts are not apt in describing the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in this experimental context.
PubMed: 38918053
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0223-24.2024