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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a...
BACKGROUND
Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a container. The quality of dental water is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from dental equipment. Output water from DUWLs may be a potential source of infection for both dental health care personnel and patients.
AIM
To assess the microbial contamination in the DUWL among dental clinics in Chennai.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An in vitro study was conducted on 60 water samples from 20 dental clinics in Chennai in December 2019. Water samples were collected from three different sources of the Dental unit according to ADA guidelines. The collected samples were assessed for the presence of Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella by agar plate method. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.
RESULTS
Legionella was the most prevalent microorganism with 70% prevalence in a three-way syringe and 50% in scaler and airotor, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter with 10% prevalence in scaler and airotor and Aspergillus with a prevalence of 10% in the three-way syringe.
CONCLUSION
Most of the dental units were contaminated with Aspergillus, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter which pose a serious threat to the patients as well as the dentists.
Topics: India; Dental Clinics; Equipment Contamination; Water Microbiology; Dental Equipment; Humans; Legionella; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38934755
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_463_22 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024To compare preparation times using manual, rotary, and reciprocating files during pulpectomy treatment of primary molars. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
To compare preparation times using manual, rotary, and reciprocating files during pulpectomy treatment of primary molars.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This study was an in vitro, randomised, cross-sectional study.
METHODS
The study was performed on 60 extracted human primary mandibular second molars. Only mesiobuccal canals were prepared using one of three preparation techniques; each preparation technique group comprised 20 canals. Canal preparations were performed by a single, skilled operator using stainless-steel (ss) K-files (ISO size 20-35), a ProTaper Gold SX file, and a WaveOne Gold Medium file following glide path preparation. Preparation times were recorded in second (s) with a digital stopwatch.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Preparation times were compared using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, where appropriate. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The mean preparation time using the ss K-files was significantly longer (186.4 s) than when using the ProTaper Gold SX (29.6 s) or WaveOne Gold Medium files (30.5 s) (P < 0.001). Similar preparation times were recorded when using the ProTaper Gold SX and WaveOne Gold Medium files (P = 0.939).
CONCLUSION
Preparation times with the ProTaper Gold SX and WaveOne Gold Medium files were significantly faster than when using the ss K-files to prepare primary tooth root canals for pulpectomy. Similar preparation times were noted when using the rotary and reciprocation instrumentation groups (P > 0.05).
Topics: Humans; Molar; Tooth, Deciduous; Root Canal Preparation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pulpectomy; Dental Instruments; Equipment Design; Time Factors; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38934748
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_495_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
AIMS
To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in dental implant surgery.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Forty adult patients scheduled to undergo implant were randomized into two groups: Twenty patients (n = 20) received ozone therapy and controls (n = 20) received normal saline and gel during implant placement. Inflammation and pain were noted at days 1 and 7 and 3 month intervals by estimating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and assessing visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. At 3 months, soft tissue outcomes were noted in terms of plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth, while crestal bone loss was noted via a radiograph.
RESULTS
Mean CRP levels were significantly higher in the control group as compared to that in the case group on day 1 and day 7 follow-ups (P < 0.05). Mean VAS scores for pain were also lower in the case group as compared to the control group at all follow-ups, but the difference was significant statistically only at day 1 (P = 0.061). The plaque index was significantly lower in the case group as compared to the control group (P = 0.011) at final follow-up. No significant difference between two groups was observed for crestal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Ozone therapy during implant placement was effective in reduction of pain, systemic inflammation, and plaque deposition in dental implant patients.
Topics: Humans; Ozone; Gels; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Saline Solution; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Alveolar Bone Loss; Periodontal Index; Pain Measurement; Dental Implantation; Inflammation
PubMed: 38934740
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_591_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Robotics; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Dental Implantation, Endosseous
PubMed: 38934739
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_358_24 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Jun 2024Erectile dysfunction can cause self-withdrawal and decreased quality of life. Patients who do not respond to pharmacological therapy and other conservative treatments... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Erectile dysfunction can cause self-withdrawal and decreased quality of life. Patients who do not respond to pharmacological therapy and other conservative treatments are urged to undergo penile prosthesis implantation. Malleable penile prosthesis was the first prosthesis developed, but then inflatable penile prosthesis was developed to give a more natural erection. There is no meta-analysis comparing inflatable and malleable penile prostheses in terms of safety and efficacy. This study is conducted to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction, ease of use, mechanical failure, and infection rate in patients who underwent penile prosthesis implantation.
METHOD
This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. Five eligible studies were included from Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SemanticScholar databases.
RESULT
In this study, patient and partner satisfaction are significantly better (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.66-6.93, p = 0.0008) (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.75-3.08, p < 0.00001). Mechanical failure is also significantly higher in inflatable penile prostheses (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.02-15.53, p = 0.0009). There is no significant difference in terms of ease of use and infection rate in inflatable or malleable penile prostheses.
CONCLUSIONS
This study concluded that inflatable penile prosthesis is better in terms of patient and partner satisfaction, but mechanical failures occur more frequently in this type of prosthesis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Erectile Dysfunction; Penile Prosthesis; Patient Satisfaction; Prosthesis Design; Penile Implantation; Treatment Outcome; Quality of Life; Prosthesis Failure
PubMed: 38934528
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12353 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2024This study aimed to compare the tissue damage caused by barbed sutures and conventional sutures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porcine myocardium was incised... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study aimed to compare the tissue damage caused by barbed sutures and conventional sutures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porcine myocardium was incised and sutured using different thread types: barbed suture, (STRATAFIX Spiral PDS PLUS) and conventional sutures, (VICRYL and PDS Plus). Needle hole shapes were examined at magnifications of 30×-100×. VICRYL suture damaged the tissue and created large gaps around the needle holes. The tissue around the needle holes was smoother and less damaged in the single suture ligations with PDS; however, a large gap had formed. In the continuous suture with STRATAFIX, the tissue around the needle holes was significantly smoother and minimally damaged, with no noticeable gaps around the needle holes. Barbed sutures reduced the load on needle holes and minimised tissue damage owing to the dispersion of traction forces by the barbs compared with conventional sutures.
Topics: Animals; Sutures; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Swine; Suture Techniques; Models, Animal; Polyglactin 910; Myocardium
PubMed: 38934494
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2370973 -
Cardiorenal Medicine Jun 2024Cardiac implantable electrical devices are able to affect kidney function through hemodynamic improvements. The Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) is a device-based...
BACKGROUND
Cardiac implantable electrical devices are able to affect kidney function through hemodynamic improvements. The Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) is a device-based therapy option for patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) despite optimized medical treatment. The long-term cardiorenal interactions for CCM treated patients are yet to be described.
METHODS
CCM recipients (n=187) from the Mannheim Cardiac Contractility Modulation Observational Study (MAINTAINED) were evaluated in the long-term (up to 60 months) for changes in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), other surrogate markers of kidney function, and the chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage-distribution. With regard to kidney function at baseline, the patients were furthermore grouped to either advanced CKD (aCKD, CKD-stage ≥3, eGFR≤59mL/min/1.73 m2, n=107) or preserved kidney function and mild CKD (pCKD, CKD stages 1-2, eGFR≥60mL/min/1.73 m2, n=80). The groups were compared for differences regarding kidney function, New York Heart Association classification (NYHA), biventricular systolic function, HF hospitalizations and other parameters in the long-term (60 months).
RESULTS
CKD stage distribution remained stable during the entire follow-up (p=0.65). An increase in serum creatinine (1.47±1 vs. 1.6±1mg/dL) with a corresponding decline of eGFR (58.2±23.4 vs. 54.2±24.4mL/min/1.73 m2, both p<.05) were seen after 60 months but not before for the total cohort, which was only significant in pCKD patients in terms of group comparison. Mean survival (54.3±1.3 vs. 55.3±1.2months, p=0.53) was comparable in both groups. Improvements in NYHA (3.11±0.46 vs. 2.94±0.41 to 2.28±0.8 vs. 1.94±0.6) and LVEF (24.8±7.1 vs. 22.9±6.6 to 31.1±11.4 vs. 35.5±11.1%) were likewise similar after 60 months (both p <.05). The aCKD patients suffered from more HF-hospitalizations and ventricular tachycardias during the entire follow-up period (both p<.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The kidney function parameters and CKD stage distribution might remain stable in CCM treated HF patients in the long-term, who experience improvements in LVEF and functional status, regardless of their kidney function before. An impaired kidney function might be associated with further cardiovascular comorbidities and more advanced HF before CCM, and could be an additional risk factor of HF complications afterwards.
PubMed: 38934137
DOI: 10.1159/000539259 -
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2024TBI incidence and distribution are largely overrepresented in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), such as South Africa (SA), with substantial associated human and...
INTRODUCTION
TBI incidence and distribution are largely overrepresented in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), such as South Africa (SA), with substantial associated human and financial costs. However, access to rehabilitation for the public is severely limited and not standard practice in SA. Given this background, studies demonstrating the successful implementation of neuropsychological rehabilitation in a LMIC setting are important. Published studies of this nature are generally lacking in this context. Further, there is a need to evaluate interventions that can be implemented at a low cost. To this end, we report on a neuropsychological rehabilitation program for an individual with severe TBI in a LMIC context, aimed at improving his capacity for activities of daily living.
METHOD
A 33-year-old, South African male who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) partook in a neuropsychological intervention aimed at remediating functional deficits and enhancing independent functioning. The intervention utilised principles of Goal Management Training and external memory aids, with reliance on procedural memory and errorless learning, to target the participant's impairments in executive functioning and memory through the use of assistive technology-namely smart device applications.
RESULTS
Data collected pre- and post-intervention on formal neuropsychological measures demonstrated no significant change in cognition. However, observational data and qualitative feedback from the participant's family indicated notable improvement in performance on everyday tasks with reduced number of errors and reduced need for external prompting whilst completing intervention tasks across sessions.
DISCUSSION
In the context of severe TBI, neuropsychological rehabilitation can facilitate gains in independent functioning. This study provides support for the value of neurorehabilitation especially for interventions that can be rolled out at low cost and should serve as impetus for further such research in South Africa, where neuropsychological rehabilitation infrastructure and services are lacking.
PubMed: 38933658
DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1393302 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024, widely used in clinical practice as a medicinal herb, belongs to the genus in the family Ephedraceae. However, the presence of numerous varieties and variants...
OBJECTIVE
, widely used in clinical practice as a medicinal herb, belongs to the genus in the family Ephedraceae. However, the presence of numerous varieties and variants requires differentiation for accurate identification.
METHODS
In this study, we employed headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) for chemical component identification. Chemometric analysis was used to analyze the differential components. Metabolic analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment were utilized to explore the synthesis pathways of different components.
RESULT
A total of 83 volatile and 79 non-volatile components were identified in species. Differential analysis revealed that among the eight stems, 18 volatile and 19 non-volatile differential compounds were discovered, whereas roots exhibited 21 volatile and 17 non-volatile markers. Volatile compounds were enriched in four synthetic pathways, while non-volatile components were enriched in five pathways among the differentiated components.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of chemical components in different species and parts. It provides a foundational reference for authenticating herbs, evaluating medicinal resources, and comparing quality in future studies.
PubMed: 38933459
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421008 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024We report a case of a Morgagni hernia repaired by primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. Moreover, we reviewed cases of laparoscopically repaired Morgagni... (Review)
Review
We report a case of a Morgagni hernia repaired by primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. Moreover, we reviewed cases of laparoscopically repaired Morgagni hernia, in which the size of the hernia defect was known, to establish a size criterion for mesh utilization. An 87-year-old woman presented to our hospital with right upper abdominal pain and vomiting. She had no history of abdominal surgery or trauma. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed a Morgagni hernia, with the stomach and transverse colon herniated into the right chest cavity. Initially, an endoscopic repair was performed for the herniated stomach due to her age, which was successful. However, she had a recurrence 2 days later, prompting us to perform a semi-emergent laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic examination revealed a Morgagni defect, with the omentum, transverse colon, and stomach herniated, with the stomach reduced by pneumoperitoneum. Fortunately, the herniated organs could be easily relocated into the abdomen with no adhesions. The hernia defect measured 6 x 3 cm. We performed primary closure with an extra-abdominal suture. No sac resection was performed. The operation lasted 98 min. Oral intake was initiated on postoperative day 1, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 without complications. Chest radiography and CT scans at 1 month postoperatively showed no recurrence, and the patient remained asymptomatic at the 9-month follow-up examination. According to our review findings, primary closure is an efficient method for small hernia defects (rule of thumb: width, <4 cm; length, <7 cm).
Topics: Humans; Female; Laparoscopy; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Herniorrhaphy; Suture Techniques; Abdominal Pain; Recurrence; Sutures; Vomiting
PubMed: 38933436
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.150.43103