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Life Science Alliance Sep 2024Schizophrenia is associated with altered cortical circuitry. Although the schizophrenia risk gene is known to affect the wiring of inhibitory interneurons, its role in...
Schizophrenia is associated with altered cortical circuitry. Although the schizophrenia risk gene is known to affect the wiring of inhibitory interneurons, its role in excitatory neurons and axonal development is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Nrg1 in the development of the corpus callosum, the major interhemispheric connection formed by cortical excitatory neurons. We found that deletion of Nrg1 impaired callosal axon development in vivo. Experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that Nrg1 is cell-autonomously required for axonal outgrowth and that intracellular signaling of Nrg1 is sufficient to promote axonal development in cortical neurons and specifically in callosal axons. Furthermore, our data suggest that Nrg1 signaling regulates the expression of Growth Associated Protein 43, a key regulator of axonal growth. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that NRG1 is involved in the formation of interhemispheric callosal connections and provides a novel perspective on the relevance of NRG1 in excitatory neurons and in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Neuregulin-1; Corpus Callosum; Axons; Mice; Signal Transduction; Schizophrenia; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; GAP-43 Protein; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38918041
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302250 -
Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology &... Sep 2024Encephalitis with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies (anti-NMDARe) is a rare disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, psychosis, seizures, and abnormal...
OBJECTIVES
Encephalitis with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies (anti-NMDARe) is a rare disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, psychosis, seizures, and abnormal movements. Abnormal behaviors during REM sleep have not been described in anti-NMDARe.
METHODS
Patients were monitored by video-polysomnography on a first night followed by multiple sleep latency tests and 18 hours of bed rest.
RESULTS
Two patients with anti-NMDARe developed during the acute and postacute phase parasomnias including REM sleep behavior disorder and continuous finalistic quiet gesturing during a mixed N2/R sleep. The parasomnia disorder was improved by gabapentin and clonazepam.
DISCUSSION
Video-polysomnography avoids misdiagnosing these parasomnia behaviors for seizure or movement disorders and allows adequate treatment.
Topics: Humans; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Female; Adult; Male; Polysomnography; REM Sleep Parasomnias; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Parasomnias; Sleep, Slow-Wave; Clonazepam
PubMed: 38917379
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200203 -
PloS One 2024To review published Physical Activity (PA) on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents aged 5 to 18 years during COVID-19 pandemic-induced school closures.
PROPOSE
To review published Physical Activity (PA) on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents aged 5 to 18 years during COVID-19 pandemic-induced school closures.
METHODS
From the database creation to April 2022, 10 databases are retrieved, with 4427 records filtered, 14 included in this research. The research takes Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evaluation standards.
RESULTS
The thesis selects 14 studies from 6 countries, involving 400009 children and adolescents. These studies happened during the lockdown of COVID-19 (from December 2019 to April 2021). During the lockdown of COVID-19, schools were closed, which was considered part of a more extensive lockdown. Schools were closed for 1 to 4 weeks. There were 10 high quality studies (71.4%) and 4 medium quality studies (28.6%). 4 studies report that the pandemic reduces the time of PA but increases the time of watching screen and sitting. 10 studies (71.4%) identify that PA is positive for the mental health, because it helps reduce mental symptoms to a certain extent, especially anxiety, depression, and emotional disorders. 5 studies show that PA may not improve the mental health of children and adolescents under 12 during the pandemic. 4 studies indicate that the influence of PA on mental health of children and adolescents is determined by the amount of activity, including the extent, intensity, frequency, and duration, etc.
CONCLUSIONS
In this narrative synthesis of reports from the class suspension period, reports that PA has a improve on the mental health of children and adolescents to a certain extent. it is found that PA may be helpful in reducing mental health symptoms of children and adolescents who are influenced by class suspension because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, stakeholders of the mental health of children and adolescents around the world should recommend PA because it is a practicable and beneficial way for long-term mental support.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Child; Adolescent; Mental Health; Exercise; Schools; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Child, Preschool; Anxiety; Quarantine
PubMed: 38917211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299158 -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pressing global health issue. Its pathogenesis remains elusive, but numerous studies have revealed its intricate associations with...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pressing global health issue. Its pathogenesis remains elusive, but numerous studies have revealed its intricate associations with various biological factors. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive multi-omics resource to help researchers in conducting multi-omics data analysis for MDD. To address this issue, we constructed the MDDOmics database (Major Depressive Disorder Omics, (https://www.csuligroup.com/MDDOmics/), which integrates an extensive collection of published multi-omics data related to MDD. The database contains 41 222 entries of MDD research results and several original datasets, including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, genes, non-coding RNAs, DNA methylations, metabolites and proteins, and offers various interfaces for searching and visualization. We also provide extensive downstream analyses of the collected MDD data, including differential analysis, enrichment analysis and disease-gene prediction. Moreover, the database also incorporates multi-omics data for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder, due to the challenge in differentiating MDD from similar psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, by leveraging the rich content and online interfaces from MDDOmics, researchers can conduct more comprehensive analyses of MDD and its similar disorders from various perspectives, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of potential MDD biomarkers and intricate disease pathogenesis. Database URL: https://www.csuligroup.com/MDDOmics/.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Databases, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genomics; DNA Methylation; Multiomics
PubMed: 38917209
DOI: 10.1093/database/baae042 -
PloS One 2024Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major economic and healthcare burden in the United States. While there is evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for AUD, few...
BACKGROUND
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major economic and healthcare burden in the United States. While there is evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for AUD, few physicians implement these therapies on a regular basis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of a pharmacy-guided AUD discharge planning workflow on the rate of MAT prescriptions and inpatient readmissions.
METHODS
This was a single-centered pre-and-post intervention study over a 6-month period, with a 90-day pre-intervention period and a 90-day post-intervention period. The study included all patients over the age of 18 years admitted to a medicine or surgery floor bed who presented with alcohol withdrawal at any point during their hospital course. The intervention involved a pharmacy workflow, in which a list of patients admitted with alcohol withdrawal was automatically generated and referred to pharmacists, who then provided recommendations to the primary physician regarding prescriptions for naltrexone, acamprosate, and/or gabapentin. The patients were then contacted within 30 days after discharge for post-hospitalization follow-up. Our outcome measures were change in prescription rate of MATs, change in total and alcohol-related 90-day readmission rates, and change in total and alcohol-related 90-day emergency department (ED) visit rates.
RESULTS
The pre-intervention period consisted of 49 patients and the post-intervention period consisted of 41 patients. Our workflow demonstrated a 195% increase in the prescription rate of MATs at discharge (p < 0.001), 61% reduction in 90-day total readmission rate (p < 0.05), 40% reduction in 90-day total ED visit rate (p = 0.09), 92% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related readmission rate (p < 0.05), and 88% reduction in 90-day alcohol-related ED visit rate (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our intervention demonstrated that a pharmacy-based AUD discharge planning workflow has the potential to reduce inpatient readmissions and ED visits for patients with AUD, thus demonstrating improved patient outcomes with the potential to reduce healthcare costs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Patient Discharge; Workflow; Middle Aged; Alcoholism; Adult; Patient Readmission; Patient Care Team; Inpatients; Aged
PubMed: 38917202
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306066 -
PloS One 2024To analyze needs and requirements of Pediatric Physical Therapists (PPTs), parents, children and adolescents with and without developmental disabilities in the future...
AIMS
To analyze needs and requirements of Pediatric Physical Therapists (PPTs), parents, children and adolescents with and without developmental disabilities in the future use of an activity monitor prototype (AM-p) in everyday clinical practice.
METHODS
Qualitative exploratory study with a thematic analysis approach, based on Braun and Clarke's six steps. Codes derived from the analysis and central themes were collated, based on Fleuren et al.'s groupings of determinants.
RESULTS
We interviewed 25 PPTs, 12 parents, and 12 children and adolescents. Within four groupings of determinants, we found nine themes: 1) development of information materials; 2) application: output visualization and ease of use; 3) design; 4) relevance and acceptance; 5) shared decision-making; 6) compatibility in daily living; 7) finances, 8) time, and 9) legislation and regulations.
CONCLUSIONS
End-users have similar basic needs, with individual fine-tuning to be addressed during further development of the AM-p. A child-friendly design, information material, and an easy-to-use application to read and interpret results, need to be developed. Efficient training for PPTs is important for the use of the AM-p and analysis of results. Communication between PPTs and children as well as parents enhances shared decision-making. We recommend involving diverse end-users to enable maximum customization of the AM-p.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Male; Female; Qualitative Research; Exercise; Physical Therapy Modalities; Adult; Parents; Physical Therapists; Developmental Disabilities
PubMed: 38917177
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305968 -
PloS One 2024The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a clinical indicator of peripheral inflammation that is easily accessible. It is worth noting that the formation of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a clinical indicator of peripheral inflammation that is easily accessible. It is worth noting that the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has been linked to inflammation and immune dysregulation. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to comprehensively evaluate the existing body of research concerning the NLR in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
METHOD
We conducted a comprehensive online search and included studies that evaluated the NLR in 1) patients with AD or MCI and 2) healthy control (HC) participants. We also pooled mean and standard deviation (SD) data for each group.
RESULTS
Ultimately, 12 studies encompassed 1,309 individuals diagnosed with AD with mean NLR levels of 2.68, 1,929 individuals with MCI with mean NLR levels of 2.42, and 2,064 HC with mean NLR levels of 2.06 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean NLR was 0.59 higher in AD patients compared to HC participants (mean difference (MD) = 0.59 [0.38; 0.80]). Similarly, the mean NLR was higher in AD than MCI patients (MD = 0.23 [0.13; 0.33]). Additionally, the mean NLR was higher in individuals with MCI compared to HC participants (MD = 0.37 [0.22; 0.52]). In the subgroup meta-analysis based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), AD patients with lower MMSE scores (using a cut-off of 20) exhibited significantly higher mean NLR (3.10 vs. 2.70, with a p-value for subgroup differences < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The NLR, which serves as a marker of peripheral inflammation, shows increased levels in individuals with AD and MCI compared to HC participants. Furthermore, our study indicates that NLR levels are significantly higher in AD than MCI. Additionally, our novel finding suggests significantly higher NLR levels among AD patients with more severe cognitive decline compared to AD patients with less severe cognitive decline. So, it can be concluded that the higher cognitive decline in humans is accompanied by higher NLR levels. Further longitudinal researches are needed to explore more details about the relationship between inflammation and dementia.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Cognitive Dysfunction; Lymphocyte Count
PubMed: 38917167
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305322 -
PloS One 2024Social media data provide unprecedented access to discussions of active, naturalistic, and often real-time cannabis use in an era of cannabis policy liberalization. The...
The Reddit cannabis subjective highness rating scale: Applying computational social science to explore psychological and environmental correlates of naturalistic cannabis use.
Social media data provide unprecedented access to discussions of active, naturalistic, and often real-time cannabis use in an era of cannabis policy liberalization. The aim of this study was to explore psychological and environmental correlates of cannabis effects by applying computational social science approaches to a large dataset of unprompted reports of naturalistic cannabis use with corresponding self-reported numerical ratings of subjective highness. Post title text was extracted via the Pushshift dataset from N = 328,865 posts to the r/trees Reddit community, where posters self-assess and disclose how high they feel on a scale from 1 to 10 (M = 6.9, SD = 1.8). Structural topic modelling and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary-based approaches were applied to identify (1) frequently discussed topics and (2) text indicative of 5 psychological processes (affective, social, cognitive, perceptual, biological), respectively, as well as to examine relationships between subjective highness and (1) topic prevalence and (2) psychological process word counts. A 40-topic model was selected for interpretation based on semantic coherence and exclusivity. The most discussed topics in a 40-topic model were characterized by references to smoking places, social contexts, positive affect, cognitive states, as well as food and media consumed. In LIWC dictionary analyses, words mentioning affective, social, and cognitive processes were referenced more often than perceptual or body processes. Posters reported greater subjective highness when using language that referred to in-person social environments and lower subjective highness when using language that referred to online social environments and positive affect psychological states. This examination of unprompted online reports of naturalistic cannabis use identified textual content referring to affect and to other people as being associated with perceived effects of cannabis. These affective and social aspects of the cannabis use experience were salient to active posters in this online community and should be integrated into experience sampling methods and behavioral pharmacology research, as well as public health messaging.
Topics: Humans; Social Media; Cannabis; Social Sciences; Marijuana Use; Male; Self Report; Female
PubMed: 38917066
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300290 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jun 2024Mental health disparities have been documented among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States. Substance use disorders and suicidal ideation have... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Investigating the Interrelationships Among Mental Health, Substance Use Disorders, and Suicidal Ideation Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study.
BACKGROUND
Mental health disparities have been documented among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States. Substance use disorders and suicidal ideation have been identified as important health concerns for this population. However, the interrelationships among these factors are not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States using a population-based statewide survey.
METHODS
Our study was an observational cross-sectional analysis, and the data for this study were collected from a sample of LGB adults who participated in the statewide survey. The survey collected information on mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation using validated measures. Descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis were conducted to explore the interrelationships among these factors.
RESULTS
The results showed that LGB adults who reported higher levels of depression and drug abuse and dependence also reported higher levels of suicidal tendency and mental illness. Inferential data analysis using χ tests revealed significant differences in depression score (χ=458.241; P<.001), drug abuse and dependence score (χ=226.946; P<.001), suicidal tendency score (χ=67.795; P<.001), and mental illness score (χ=363.722; P<.001) among the 3 sexual identity groups. Inferential data analysis showed significant associations between sexual identity and mental health outcomes, with bisexual individuals reporting the highest levels of depression, drug abuse and dependence, suicidal tendency, and mental illness.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides important insights into the interrelationships among mental health, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation among LGB adults in the United States. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and research aimed at addressing the mental health needs of sexual minority populations. Future research should aim to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities and develop culturally sensitive and tailored interventions that meet the unique needs of LGB individuals. Reducing stigma and discrimination against sexual minority populations is also crucial to improving their mental health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Adult; Substance-Related Disorders; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; United States; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Mental Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mental Health; Bisexuality; Aged
PubMed: 38916938
DOI: 10.2196/48776 -
JAMA Network Open Jun 2024Fentanyl has exacerbated the opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose epidemic. Data on the effectiveness of medications for OUD among patients using fentanyl are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Fentanyl has exacerbated the opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose epidemic. Data on the effectiveness of medications for OUD among patients using fentanyl are limited.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of sublingual or extended-release injection formulations of buprenorphine for the treatment of OUD among patients with and without fentanyl use.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Post hoc analysis of a 24-week, randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted at 35 outpatient sites in the US from December 2015 to November 2016 of sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone vs extended-release subcutaneous injection buprenorphine (CAM2038) for patients with OUD subgrouped by presence vs absence of fentanyl or norfentanyl in urine at baseline. Study visits with urine testing occurred weekly for 12 weeks, then 6 times between weeks 13 and 24. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis from March 2022 to August 2023.
INTERVENTION
Weekly and monthly subcutaneous buprenorphine vs daily sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Retention in treatment, percentage of urine samples negative for any opioids (missing values imputed as positive), percentage of urine samples negative for fentanyl or norfentanyl (missing values not imputed), and scores on opiate withdrawal scales and visual analog craving scales.
RESULTS
Of 428 participants, 123 (subcutaneous buprenorphine, n = 64; sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone, n = 59; mean [SD] age, 39.1 [10.8] years; 75 men [61.0%]) had evidence of baseline fentanyl use and 305 (subcutaneous buprenorphine, n = 149; buprenorphine-naloxone, n = 156; mean [SD] age, 38.1 [11.1] years; 188 men [61.6%]) did not have evidence of baseline fentanyl use. Study completion was similar between the fentanyl-positive (60.2% [74 of 123]) and fentanyl-negative (56.7% [173 of 305]) subgroups. The mean percentage of urine samples negative for any opioid were 28.5% among those receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine and 18.8% among those receiving buprenorphine-naloxone in the fentanyl-positive subgroup (difference, 9.6%; 95% CI, -3.0% to 22.3%) and 36.7% among those receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine and 30.6% among those receiving buprenorphine-naloxone in the fentanyl-negative subgroup (difference, 6.1%; 95% CI, -1.9% to 14.1%), with significant main associations of baseline fentanyl status and treatment group. In the fentanyl-positive subgroup, the mean percentage of urine samples negative for fentanyl during the study was 74.6% among those receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine vs 61.9% among those receiving sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (difference, 12.7%; 95% CI, 9.6%-15.9%). Opioid withdrawal and craving scores decreased rapidly after treatment initiation across all groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial of sublingual vs extended-release injection buprenorphine for OUD, buprenorphine appeared to be effective among patients with baseline fentanyl use. Patients with fentanyl use had fewer opioid-negative urine samples during the trial compared with the fentanyl-negative subgroup. These findings suggest that the subcutaneous buprenorphine formulation may be more effective at reducing fentanyl use.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02651584.
Topics: Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Fentanyl; Male; Female; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Buprenorphine; Middle Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Injections, Subcutaneous; Narcotic Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38916892
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17377